Objectives: To determine the molecular genetic diversity of native B. thuringiensis strains toxic against Aedes aegypti, vector of dengue. Design: Descriptive, analytical study. Setting: Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, San Marcos University, Lima, Peru. Participants: Native and standard strains of B. thuringiensis. Interventions: Extraction of B. thuringiensis genomic DNA from 53 native strains and 10 standard strains isolated from different Peruvian regions soil samples. Diversity was determined by repetitive DNA sequences using REP-PCR technique, visualized in agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. B. thuringiensis standard and native strains cluster analysis was performed by dendrogram of similarity using bioinformatic programs. Main outcome measures: Diversity of B. thuringiensis strains. Results: Strains from Junin, Huaral, Ica, Cusco, Arequipa,...

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are major causes de death in the world.The hepatic lipase (HL) gene promoter region presents a C-514T functionalpolymorphism related to enzyme activity, variation of lipoproteins levels andpossible cardiovascular disease risk. Objectives: To determine the associationof HL gene promoter region polymorphism with both nutritional indicators andlipoproteins levels in a healthy Peruvian sample. Design: Descriptive, transversal,associative study. Setting: Alberto Guzman Barron Biochemistry and NutritionResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.Participants: Ninety healthy male and female volunteers aged 18 to 58 years.Interventions: Genomic DNA was obtained from serum samples accordingto standard methodology. Anthropometric measurements and lipid profile byenzymatic methods were performed. Polymorphism C-514T in the HL ...

Introduction: Dopaminergic catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) gene has a functional polymorphism Val108/158Met that originates enzyme variants that catalyze o-methylation of active catecholamines and participates in drugs and neurotransmitters metabolism including L-dopa, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine and thus may be associated to neuropsychiatric conditions. Objectives: To determine COMT gene genotypes and alleles frequencies in mestizo Peruvian population healthy subjects and its importance in neuropsychiatric genetic studies. Design: Descriptive, observational, transversal study. Setting: Alberto Guzman Barron Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participants: One hundred and six healthy subjects, male and female volunteers with informed consent, without family relationship or mental and neurological di...

Objetivos: Determinar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas de genes PPPAR-γ e IL-6 -174G/C en población de Lima y establecer asociación del polimorfismo de los genes PPAR-γ y de la Il-6 -174G/C con el sobrepeso, obesidad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Diseño: Descriptivo, relacional, tipo casos-control. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Limeños con y sin sobrepeso-obesidad. Intervenciones: A una muestra poblacional de Lima, de 94 personas, 40 control y 50 con sobrepeso-obesidad, se realizó extracción del ADN genómico, análisis del polimorfismo Pro12Ala PPARgamma-2 y -174G/C IL6, mediante PCR/RFLP, digestión con enzima de restricción NIaIII y SfaNI, respectivamente, detección por electroforesis en agarosa 2% y tinción con bromuro de etidio. Principales medidas de resultados: Frecuencias d...

El conocimiento sobre el uso de métodos anticonceptivos en los adolescentes puede permitirles tomar decisiones oportunas y adecuadas sobre la reproducción de manera libre, responsable e informada y contribuye al ejercicio de sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos y a mejorar y a mantener el nivel de salud. El objetivo de este estudio de tipo cuantitativo, correlaciona!, de diseño no experimental es determinar el nivel de conocimiento y actitudes hacia los métodos anticonceptivos en adolescentes que acuden al Centro de Salud “Laura Rodríguez Dulanto” - Comas, 2013. La muestra estuvo conformada por 50 adolescentes. Resultados:EI 60% (30) tiene edades comprendidas entre los 18 a 19 años, con secundaria completa 50% (25), no usan métodos anticonceptivos 56% (28) y recibieron información en un centro de salud 48% (24). El nivel de conocimiento de los métodos anticonceptivos es med...

El estudio tuvo como objetivo general describir la actitud frente a las vacunas contra el COVID-19 en los comerciantes del Mercado Central de Huaura, Perú 2021. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva, diseño no experimental – transversal; cuya muestra fue de 144 comerciantes; se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento un cuestionario, mismo que fue validado y probado su confiabilidad en una prueba piloto con 15 comerciantes. Los resultados evidencian que el 81,9% de los comerciales presentan una actitud favorable frente a las vacunas contra el COVID-19; el 13,9% indiferente y el 4,2% desfavorable. En conclusión, se determinó que la mayoría los comerciantes tienen una actitud favorable frente a las vacunas contra el COVID-19.

La toma de decisión y el liderazgo son dos aspectos fundamentales a considerar en la actividad pedagógica de cualquier docente de cualquier nivel y modalidad educativa. En tal sentido, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar el grado de relación entre los estilos de toma decisiones y los de liderazgo en docentes de instituciones de educación básica regular de la UGEL 04, provincia de Trujillo, región La Libertad, que laboraron en el año lectivo 2016. La investigación de acuerdo a la técnica de contrastación es de tipo descriptivo y según la orientación, básica. Se formularon hipótesis de asociación de variables y para su contrastación se usó el diseño de investigación descriptivo de asociación de variables correlacional. La recolección de datos primarios respecto de las variables se realizó aplicando los cuestionarios de estilos de toma deci...

Objetivos: Establecer la asociación entre el polimorfismo Vall58Met catecol-O-metiltransferasa (COMT) y la RCIU. Diseño: Estudio relacional, observacional, tipo caso-control. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Gestantes sin y con RCIU. Intervenciones: Se obtuvo 81 muestras de sangre para genotipaje del gen COMT; 55 (67,9%) correspondieron a gestantes sin RCIU (controles) y 26 (32,1%) a madres de hijos con RCIU. Las gestantes firmaron consentimiento informado. Principales medidas de resultados: Frecuencias de los genotipos (Met/Met, Val/Met y Val/Val) y alelos (Val y Met), asociación con la RCIU. Resultados: Las distribuciones de los genotipos en los grupos con y sin RCIU estuvieron de acuerdo a la hipótesis del equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Al relacionar los genotipos COMT Val/Met con la condición de RCIU, no se apreció diferencias significativas (X2=1.8057, ...

Objetivos: Establecer relación entre el polimorfismo -866 G/A en el gen UCP2, estado nutricional y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niñas. Diseño: Descriptivo, relacional tipo casos-control. Institución: Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Niñas. Intervenciones: En 100 niñas (50 con IMC normal 15 a 85, y 50 con IMC > 85), con promedio de edad 14 años, se hizo dosaje de glucosa, insulina y determinación del perfil coronario. Se extrajo el ADN genómico de las participantes, con análisis del polimorfismo -866 G/A en el gen UCP2 mediante técnica PCR/RFLP, con primers específicos y digestión con enzima de restricción MluI; detección de los fragmentos por electroforesis geles de agarosa al 2% y tinción con bromuro de etidio. Resultados: La distribución de los genotipos...

Background: Cellular and molecular events in the pathophysiology of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are still unknown. Cathecol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a phase II enzyme that inactivates cathecol estrogens by transferring a methyl group. A functional polymorphism Val158 Met in COMT gene is known as susceptible marker for diverse maternal and perinatal diseases, and studies suggest the allele codifying a low activity COMT may be a susceptible marker for IUGR. COMT polymorphism study may be a new strategy to determine genetic markers that might be used for detection of certain disorders related to pregnancy. Objectives: To determine association of Val158Met cathecol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism and intrauterine growth restriction. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Design: Relational (associative), observational, case...

Objectives: To determine research production at the Faculty of Medicine, UNMSM. Design: Retrospective, observational, transversal type study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Seven research institutes and one investigation center investigators. Interventions: Study of investigator cards elaborated by the Faculty of Medicine Research Unit and filled by members of the Andean Biology, Experimental Surgery, Ethics in Health, Clinical Investigations, Tropical Medicine, and Pathology Research Institutes as well as by Biochemistry and Nutrition Investigation Centre members. Data analysis used Epi- Info system version 3.5.1 and Anova statistical model for analysis of variance. Main outcome measures: Scientific investigations and publications. Results: From the 116 members of the six Research Institutes/Centre only 54 from five Inst...

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is the first cause of maternal death in the world and affects about 10% of pregnant women in some Peruvian regions. Various genes are involved en PE risk, including the vascular endothelial gene factor (VEGF). Objetives: To study VEGF gene +936 CT polymorphism and to determine its association with preeclampsia. Design: Observational, relational (associative), case-control (non-experimental) study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Pregnant women with and without preeclampsia. Methods: The sample included 94 pregnant women (45 with PE and 49 controls without PE) attended at Hospital Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolome. Following informed consent, 3-5 mL of blood was collected. DNA was isolated by standard methods. VEGF polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP and electrophoresis in either agarose or...

Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular risk factor and the initial mechanism is unknown in 90% of the cases. Currently hypertension is considered a syndrome with metabolic and structural abnormalities where oxygen reactive species (ORS) play a preponderant pathophysiological role. Objective: To determine zinc, selenium and magnesium serum levels in hypertensive and normotensive subjects, and to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in both groups. Design: Analytical observational, case-control study. Setting: Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biological material: Normotensive and mild hypertensive patients blood samples. Interventions: Blood samples from 20 normotensive subjects and 20 patients with mild hypertension aged 50 to 60 years were obtained af...

Abstract The -511 citosyne/thymine (-511 C/T) polymorphism in the promoter region of human interleukin 1B (IL1β) gene is associated to differential cytokine synthesis and immuno-inflammatory response in obesity, dyslipidemias, cardiopathies, cancer, infections, other diseases, nutritional intervention and drug treatment. Objectives: To determine allelic and genotypic frequencies of -511 C/T polymorphism in the IL1β gene polymorphism in different Peruvian subpopulations. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Settings: Faculties of Human Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and Universidad San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru. Participants: Peruvian subjects. Interventions: Genomic DNA was extracted from 168 individuals from Lima (23 mestizos), 33 Amazonians (20 Pucallpa and 13 Amazonas) and 112 Andeans (12 Ancash, 10 Cajamarca, 18 Huarochiri-Lima, 25 Puno-Taquile, 25 Pun...

Anales de la Facultad de Medicina es una publicación de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.

Objetivos: Determinar el daño oxidativo en suero y la toxicidad hepática tras la ingesta del extracto etanólico de la Cesalpinia spinosa (tara), en un modelo animal. Diseño: Estudio experimental, transversal. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Material biológico: Ratas machos, extracto del fruto de la tara, molida y seca. Intervenciones: Se formó 5 grupos de 6 ratas cada uno, de 250 g aproximadamente. Se les administró el extracto de tara por 45 días, a la dosis que se indica en los grupos (mg/kg peso): G1 (control), G2 (100), G3 (200), G4 (400), G5 (800). Transcurrido el tiempo de tratamiento, se sacrificó las ratas. Principales medidas de resultados: En suero: lipoperoxidación (MDA), transaminasas (GOT y GPT) y gamma-glutamil transferasa (γ-GGT). Resultados: Los niveles de MDA (μmol/L) fueron: 5,02; 4,25; 4,83; 5...

Due to the increase in life expectancy in our country, it is necessary to study risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD), including apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, as this association is not known in our country. Objectives: To determine association of ApoE gene polymorphism and PD. Design: Associative, observational case-control analytic study. Setting: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru. Participants: Male and females with and without Parkinson's disease. Interventions: Genomic DNA was extracted from 163 patients and 176 controls. PCR_RFLP technique was used for ApoE gene genotyping. Main outcome measures: ApoE gene genotype and allele frequencies in cases and controls, association and risk. Results: No significant ApoE genotype differences between the control group and patients were found. Allele ε4 frequency was similar in patients and controls: 6.5 and 6.0. Od...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent chronic infectious disease in developing countries, with Peru being one of the most affected in the world. The variants in Nacetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene are related with xenobiotics metabolism and have potential for TB studies. Aim: Associate the NAT2 gene variants, acetylator phenotypes and active tuberculosis in Peruvians patients. Methods: The design was cases (TB patients) and controls (population-based data). First, DNA isolation, and the variants rs1799929, rs1799930, and rs1799931 of the NAT2 gene were determined with sequencing. The acetylator phenotypes: Slow (SA), intermediate (IA) and rapid (RA) too were analyzed. Results: The frequencies of the rs1799931 variant in the patients, respect controls, showed significant differences and they are risk, both for the A allele (p=0.00; OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.88- 4.9) and the AG genot...

Introduction: Pharmacogenetics can be used in clinical analysis to assess the efficiency of drugs according to the patient’s genetic profile, and it is becoming important for population genetics and precision medicine. The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent all over the world, including Peru. Among the different drugs for T2DM, metformin is used the most and patient’s response to it can be influenced by the Val/Met polymorphism of the OCT1 (SLC22) gene, where Met is associated with a lower response. The frequencies of these polymorphisms vary according to ethnic origin. Objective: To evaluate the distribution of the Val/Met polymorphism in the OCT1 gene in samples of Lima and Puno, and to assess their impact on pharmacogenetics of T2DM. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Settings: Faculties of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, and Medicine, Universidad Nacional May...