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Neurology has undergone a beneficial transformation in the last twenty years thanks to new discoveries resulting from basic and clinical research as well as the accelerated development of a series of related disciplines that make up the socalled neurosciences. The most important advances have been made in the precision of the etiology of many diseases, such as genetic or autoimmune diseases, as well as in the understanding of the biomolecular mechanisms underlying many of them. The case of Parkinson's disease is discussed as a model of neurodegenerative disease and where there have been many advances although still insufficient, and a final comment is made on the future of neurology.

Due to the increase in life expectancy in our country, it is necessary to study risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD), including apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, as this association is not known in our country. Objectives: To determine association of ApoE gene polymorphism and PD. Design: Associative, observational case-control analytic study. Setting: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru. Participants: Male and females with and without Parkinson's disease. Interventions: Genomic DNA was extracted from 163 patients and 176 controls. PCR_RFLP technique was used for ApoE gene genotyping. Main outcome measures: ApoE gene genotype and allele frequencies in cases and controls, association and risk. Results: No significant ApoE genotype differences between the control group and patients were found. Allele ε4 frequency was similar in patients and controls: 6.5 and 6.0. Od...

Introducción. La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo común, el segundo más frecuente después de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. La mutación A53T en el gen SNCA, fue la primera identificada en asociación con EP. La mayoría de casos de EP en familias con esta mutación provienen de regiones cercanas al lugar del descubrimiento original. Objetivos: Evaluar la presencia de la mutación A53T en el gen SNCA en una muestra peruana de casos con EP de incidencia familiar, esporádicos y controles sanos. Material y Métodos: Se analizaron, mediante la técnica de PCR-RFLP, las muestras de ADN de 34 casos con EP esporádico, 7 casos de EP familiar y 32 individuos control. Resultados: No se encontró la mutación A53T en la muestra analizada, por lo que se infiere que ella estaría confinada a pocas familias de origen caucásico (europeo) asociadas a aquéllas con los c...