Introduction: The existence of different reference populations for overweight and obesity diagnosis in children warrants comparative analysis. Objectives: To determine existing differences in nutritional diagnosis using different reference populations. Design: Descriptive, comparative and transversal study. Setting: Hospital Dos de Mayo Growth and Development Section and a Lima Metropolitan State School. Participants: Male and females children aged between 2 and 17 years. Interventions: Two hundred and nineteen children 2 to 5 year-old were studied, as well as 1141 girls and adolescents between 9 to 17 years. In the first group chronic malnutrition (height / age < -2 SD) and obesity (weight/ height > +2 SD) diagnosis was done according to the 1983 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) references. In the second group body mass index (B...

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are nutritional disorders with features that affect increasingly larger numbers of people with complications risks. Objectives: To determine the presence of cardiovascular risk markers in female overweight and obese adolescents. Design: Descriptive, transversal study. Setting: State Educational Center in Metropolitan Lima. Participants: We studied 149 female adolescents (76 overweight and 73 obese). Interventions: The diagnosis of overweight and obesity followed the World Health Organization’s (WHO) criteria: overweight 85 to 95 percentile and obesity over 95. C-reactive protein (CRP), basal insulin and glucose were determined in serum. Using the latter two we determined HOMA’s index to identify insulin resistance (IR) by Matthew’s equation. PCR diagnostic levels were >3 mg/L, and for high relative risk (HRR) >27 uUI/mL for hyperinsulinaem...

Objective: To determine the presence of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese adolescent population. Design: Clinical study. Setting: Endocrinology service. Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Participants: Adolescents. Interventions: We studied 195 adolescents between 10 to 19 year-old. Inclusion criteria was that they should be overweight or obese. We used the reference population of Must et al. with the following diagnosis criteria: 85 to 95 percentile, overweight; higher than 95 percentile, obese. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were taken following international recommendations. Metabolic syndrome determination followed Cook recommendations (TG > 110, cholesterol HDL < 40 mg/dL, glycemia > 110 mg/dL y WC > 90 percentile), the presence of three or more of these criteria indicated metabolic syndrome. Main outcome measures: Setabolic syndrome, overweight, obesit...

Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Peruvian adult population. Materials and Methods: We studied 4091 persons over 20 year-old; 50,4% belonged to the female gender and 49,6% to the male gender. These persons were chosen by a triepatic conglomerate sample which represents national level and the following spaces: Metropolitan Lima, remaining coast, urban highland, rural highland, and the selva. Weight, height, waist circumference, arterial blood pressure were determined as well as triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and glucose. For metabolic syndrome diagnosis the ATP III criteria were used. Results: National prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 16,8%. In Metropolitan Lima (20,7%) and the remaining coast (21,5%) the metabolic syndrome was above national prevalence. The lower values were found in rural highland with 11,2%. Female gender (26,4%) broadly exceeded the m...

Objective: To determine the presence of insulin resistance (IR) in a group of overweight and obese adolescents. Materials and Methods: One hundred 10 to 28 year-old children were studied, (77% females); 67% were overweight and the remaining obese. Overweight and obesity were determined by Must et al. criteria: overweight between 85 and 95 percentile and obesity overt the 95 percentile. Glycemia and basal insulin were determined in serum obtained by vein puncture. IR was determined by HOMA’s index considering Keskin diagnosis value of 3,1. Results: There was no biochemical statistical difference between the overweight and obesity groups; 14% showed IR, 16,2% in the obese children and 12,3% in those overweight. Average insulin and HOMA in obese children with IR were 315 uUl/mL and 7, respectively. The insulin and HOMA difference between those with and without IR was statistically signifi...

Objective: To determine children with additional risk consisting in visceral fat increase. Material and Methods: The study was carried out at Uripa district (Apurímac), Trujillo (La Libertad), and Lima public schools. The population studied consisted in 1234 children 6 through 10 year-old; 48,6% were female. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were done in all children and body mass index (BMI) was calculated with the first ones. BMI values were analyzed with Must et al classification, identifying overweight and obesity when BMI was 85 through 95 and above 95 percentiles, respectively. Waist circumference values were analyzed using Freedman and McCarthy tables. Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity were 16,5 and 13,9%, respectively. Overall, overweight and obesity decreased with increasing age. The percentage of children with WC above 90 percentile increases with age in ...

Objetive: To determine both anthropometric and biochemical characteristics and relationship in children with exogenous obesity. Material and methods: Fifty 6 to 18 year-old children and adolescents (25 male and 25 female) with body mass index (BMI) over 95 percentile according to Must et al classification were studied. Studies included triceps and subscapular skinfolds, waist circumference, serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). Dyslipidemia was determined with TC 200 mg/dL and 100 mg/dL in children less than 10 year-old and TG 130 mg/dL for persons above 10 years of age. Children were divided in two groups according to 50 p values for BMI, TS and WC. Average and standard deviation were determined in each group, as well as Pearson correlation for both anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Results: A total of 32,6% and 55,6% of obese children and adolescents presented h...

Objetivos: Establecer relación entre el polimorfismo -866 G/A en el gen UCP2, estado nutricional y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niñas. Diseño: Descriptivo, relacional tipo casos-control. Institución: Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Niñas. Intervenciones: En 100 niñas (50 con IMC normal 15 a 85, y 50 con IMC > 85), con promedio de edad 14 años, se hizo dosaje de glucosa, insulina y determinación del perfil coronario. Se extrajo el ADN genómico de las participantes, con análisis del polimorfismo -866 G/A en el gen UCP2 mediante técnica PCR/RFLP, con primers específicos y digestión con enzima de restricción MluI; detección de los fragmentos por electroforesis geles de agarosa al 2% y tinción con bromuro de etidio. Resultados: La distribución de los genotipos...

A total of 1547 children of both sexes and between 6 and 9 years of age were studied. This sample is representative at national level and belongs to the data source of the Survey of Nutritional Status of the Peruvian Habitant ("Evaluacion del Estado Nutritional del Poblador Peruano" , ENPPE 1975) which was executed by the Institute of Nutrition . Anthropometric measures taken were weight and height. The children's nutritional status was analyzed using the Quetelet Index (w/h2), taking as break point level 5 and 15p for deficit and low weight, and 85 and 95p for overweight and excess, respectively. The standard reference used is the one described by Must et al. Weight and height average were also analyzed. There exists a higher prevalence of overweight (13.9%) than excess weight (4.4%). Low weight (3.6%) and deficit (0.8%) prevalence is lower. Children grow within the curve which correspo...

Objetivos: Determinar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas de genes PPPAR-γ e IL-6 -174G/C en población de Lima y establecer asociación del polimorfismo de los genes PPAR-γ y de la Il-6 -174G/C con el sobrepeso, obesidad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Diseño: Descriptivo, relacional, tipo casos-control. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Limeños con y sin sobrepeso-obesidad. Intervenciones: A una muestra poblacional de Lima, de 94 personas, 40 control y 50 con sobrepeso-obesidad, se realizó extracción del ADN genómico, análisis del polimorfismo Pro12Ala PPARgamma-2 y -174G/C IL6, mediante PCR/RFLP, digestión con enzima de restricción NIaIII y SfaNI, respectivamente, detección por electroforesis en agarosa 2% y tinción con bromuro de etidio. Principales medidas de resultados: Frecuencias d...

The nutritional condition of a school population of an endemic goiter region has been studied in order to elucidate whether the low ponderal indexes found might be related directly to the goiter or they are the consequence of other factors. A total of 3,517 children in school age between 6 and 17 years old, born and living in Urubamba-Cusco, Peru, an ancestral region of endemic goiler were examined. The nutritional condition was evaluated using the indexes heigh/age (H/A), weight/age (W/A) and weight/height (W/H). Both for the nutritional study as well as for the measurement of the goiter size the criteria recommended by the WHO/PAHO were utilized. Reference standards for the National Center Health Statistic (NCHS) were used to evaluate the nutritional condition. Using the index H/A 49% children presented retardation of height for their age, range 44% (Urubamba) to 64% (Maras). About 35%...