General review of violence in Latin America is done. Classification of violence is that of the World Health Organization’s. Violence in Latin America indices are presented, especially political violence, violence to children and adolescents, violence to women, adults and older adults, where high rates are noticed, with particular analysis in each country. Regional efforts to reduce violence rates are described. Comments on results of Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission final report are done, especially on the Reparation Integral Plan to relieve violence consequences on victims. Health and Education Reparations are emphasized. In regards to the latter, creation of the Permanent Training Program for Violence Victims Integral Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos is presented, program that favors formation of undergraduate and postgraduate human reso...

Las enfermedades infecciosas parasitarias son todavía un problema importante de salud en nuestro país y es evidente que nuestros investigadores están trabajando para el mejor conocimiento de estas enfermedades y sus complicaciones. En este número de Anales se hace conocer los resultados de los trabajos de investigación en este campo, como es el relativo a la aparición de sordera y ceguera en niños discapacitados que probablemente sufrieron de rubéola congénita. El estudio se ha efectuado en 6 colegios de educación especial de tres ciudades de Perú, donde se ha encontrado hasta un 6,6% de casos probables y confirmados de síndrome de rubéola congénita, que demuestra que es un problema existente en el país y que lleva a la sugerencia de iniciar una vacunación contra este mal en mujeres en edad reproductiva, de manera de poder evitar el desarrollo de defectos en la actividad ...

Objectives: To determine changes and innovations in teaching on violence at the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Peru, from 2005 until academic year 2011, time in which diverse coordinations with academic and faculty authorities were done to improve teaching on violence. Design: Descriptive, transversal and analytical study of syllabi. Institution: Faculty of Medicine, UNMSM, Lima, Peru. Material: Syllabi. Methodology: In year 2012, 79 selected syllabi corresponding to academic year 2011 of the five schools of the Faculty of Medicine were studied. Main outcome measures: Changes and innovations in violence contents. Results: There was increment in contents on teaching of violence in selected syllabi from 30/81 (37%) in year 2005 to 58/79 (73.4%) in year 2011. In the School of Medicine increase was from 47% to 89.4%, in the School of Midwifery fr...

San Fernando Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos began activities against violence in March 2003.Initial efforts were directed to organization of a working nucleus and collecting information on health consequences of political violence occurred in Peru during years 1980 to 2000. In this paper a historical review is presented on the beginnings, arduous organization and capacitation processes and results obtained in training of health professionals and university professors for a comprehensive health care of violence victims in regions that suffered the political violence as well as other achievements in innovation, creativity and trasference of knowledge for the process sustainability.

This historical research describes all forms of violence occurred in Peru since the beginning of pre-Inca and Inca cultures, conquest of Peru by the Spaniards, viceroyalty period, independence from the Spanish possession, tumultuous Republic history, standing out the internal conflict of years 1980-2000, and ending with the most prevalent forms of violence in Peru of today.

The most frequent types of violence occurring currently in Peru, including the political, self-inflicted, interpersonal within the family, produced to women, adolescents and older adults are reviewed. A historical reference to Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy is made as to its contents on violence and its perspectives for today. It highlights emerging forms of economic, criminal, labor and ecological types of violence. A new classification of violence taking into account the new modalities is proposed. The ecological model to explain the roots of violence is discussed and finally actions and practices are suggested for lessening the prevalence of violence in Peru.

The definition, main general causes, quantification and body distribution of obesity are described. A general review of the different blood lipoprotein fractions as well as the procedure for the diagnosis of dyslipoproteinemia is done. Dyslipoproteinemia of obesity is a secondary form of insulin resistance as a result of lowering of lipoprotein lipase activity resulting in increase of triglycerides, decrease of HDL cholesterol, and establishment of the metabolic syndrome. Its pathophysiology and the development of obesity related morbidities are described. Dyslipoproteinemia of obesity is present in both the basal and postprandial status. An attempt is made to estimate the prevalence of dyslipoproteinemia. Treatment is outlined and includes change in lifestyle regarding diet and physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery, as well as the hypolipidemic treatment.

Introduction. The population living on high altitudes areas has a different intermediate metabolism than people who is living on coastal areas, characterized by lower glycemia levels. In patients with type 2 diabetes, who reside at high altitudes, the effect of exercise has not yet been fully studied. Objective. To study the effect of short duration and casual exercise, on basal and post-prandial metabolic control in people with type 2 diabetes (DM2), residents at 3395 msnm. Methods. 14 women and 11 men with DM2, residents at high altitudes (Cusco, 3395 msnm), between 40 to 72 years old, who were intervened with two tests: baseline (A) and pre-postprandial exercise (B) consisting of a walk, for 30 minutes, at 4 Km/h (3 METS). Glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids (AGNE) were measured in the blood on ...

The validity of the metabolic syndrome (MS) to predict the cardiovascular risk (CVR). Peruvian and international scientific literature was reviewed about the original proposal of syndrome X and main guidelines of MS, agreed by different organizations and medical-scientific institutions. The great diversity of criteria used by the guidelines was highlighted, which, in comparing the prevalence of MS, demonstrated a wide and significant diversity of results. The evaluation of the predictive power of the development of cardiovascular events of guidelines and their singular components showed that the independent components of RCV have equal or greater power than the whole MS. It is concluded that it is unnecessary to use the proposed guidelines of the MS to establish the CVR, since each of its components is an independent factor of cardiovascular risk, ...

Objectives. To determine and correlate the bone mineral density (BMD) and the biochemical markers of bone metabolism in adults 30 to 40 years old from Lima, Perú, in year 2018. Methods. A total of 84 women and 53 men, 30 to 40 years old from Lima, Perú, were submmited to a descriptive, transversal study. They did not have symptoms nor treatment for bone metabolic diseases. Information about their present health state, personal and familiar physiological and pathological history and physical examinatión were registered. BMD was measured by dual energy-X-ray absorptiometry in spine, hip and forearm. Parathormone, osteocalcine, 25-hidroxi-vitamine-D, luteinizing hormone, estradiol in women, testosterone in men, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline fosfatase, total and fractionated proteins, creatinine were measured in blood; in urine N-telopéptide, calcium and pho...

A retrospective bibliographic search on the history of the scientiphic research of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima-Perú, since XVII century until XIX century is done. In this order, bibliographic repositories SciELO, Scopus, Redalyc, PubMed, of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia as well as bachelors and doctoral thesis of UNMSM were revised, which were published in newspapers, medical scientiphic journals, and thesis to obtein original information on the matter. It was found a large bibliography that allows to point out that there was an increase in the medical publications since the begining of the Ilustration time, first in newspapers, in medical journals edited since 1827 to 1884 and medical thesis, mainly in the core subjects lines of health emblematic problems of Peru of that time. All of this allows to conclude that the i...

A critical revue of the contents of the journal Anales de la Facultad de Medicina from 2015 to 2020 has been done. It has been quatified and qualified the publicactions of every section under the relevance of one century of its appareance and the National Bicenntenial. The instructions for the authors, its prosprect, norms and clasification of the contents have been taken in account as a basis for this research. There were not found contributions in sections photos gallery nor commensts of books. In the time being 6 volumes, 24 numbers and 2 especial numbers were edited. In a half of the first numbers editorials lack of titels. An amount of 144 original articles, 44 short originals, 26 reviews, 34 special artícles, 14 on history, 3 simposia, 49 clinical cases, 79 letters to editors, 12 guides were published. In relation to the themes, the majority were on medicine and subspecialties. Ba...

It discloses the experience gained in the radioimmunoassay determination of prolactin (PRL) levels, both in terms of methodology and clinical. Normal, preliminary figures, obtained in 4 women and 4 normal males ranged from 3 to 26 ng / ml, average 17.4 ng / ml. In 12 patients with galactorrhea and / or amenorrhea high concentrations ranging between 33 and 195 ng / ml was found. One of 2 patients under sedative treatment presented hyperprolactinemia; likewise, April 2 acromnegálicos, 1 patient with "non-functioning" and impotence and 1 patient with primary hypothyroidism pituitary tumor. Conversely, 1 patient with panhypopituitarism traumatic fracture because of the skull base was not dosables PRL concentrations. Proof of I-dopa, held in 9 patients with galactorrhea and / or amenorrhea and in patients with pituitary tumor, revealed two types of responses: in 4 cases there is some variati...

We have determined the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the blood serum of 20 women of reproductive age, with normal menstrual cycles, without any hormonal treatment, only 6 had implemented a D. l. U. With this purpose, a radioimmunoassay technique was employed. In three cycles failed to show a significant increase in LH in the middle of it. In the 17 cycles, considered biphasic, ovulatory, a higher concentration of LH in the follicular phase was found (8 93 mU / ml, expressed in units of the 2nd. IRP-HMG) in the luteal phase (7.43 mU / ml) , p = 0.025. For an average duration of 30 days, the ovulatory LH surge was presented around the 17th day of the cycle, with wide variations between the 11th and the 25th day. The luteal phase lasted on average 14 days. The average concentration of LH peak was mesocíclico 79.97 mU / ml, which represented an increase of nine times higher L...

The training of a medical professional is a truly endless ongoing process. It is based on the axes of ethics, work in the community and research. It includes the stages of general studies, undergraduate and postgraduate, the latter in turn is composed of Continuing Medical Education, Second Specialization, Master's and Doctorate. It is necessary for the doctor to constantly update his knowledge, in order to meet the care needs that patients require, he must also be aware of the creation or discovery of new knowledge and the transmission of the same for adequate training of greater human resources in health, improvement of professional practice, health research and medical education.

Archivo de Memoria Oral - Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.-- Entrevista a Fausto Garmendia Lorena (médico y catedrático) - Año de ingreso: 1950.-- Conducción, filmación y edición de la entrevista: Michael A. Tapia.-- Dirección de proyecto: Marcel Velázquez Castro

We have determined the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the blood serum of 20 women of reproductive age, with normal menstrual cycles, without any hormonal treatment, only 6 had implemented a D. l. U. With this purpose, a radioimmunoassay technique was employed. In three cycles failed to show a significant increase in LH in the middle of it. In the 17 cycles, considered biphasic, ovulatory, a higher concentration of LH in the follicular phase was found (8 93 mU / ml, expressed in units of the 2nd. IRP-HMG) in the luteal phase (7.43 mU / ml) , p = 0.025. For an average duration of 30 days, the ovulatory LH surge was presented around the 17th day of the cycle, with wide variations between the 11th and the 25th day. The luteal phase lasted on average 14 days. The average concentration of LH peak was mesocíclico 79.97 mU / ml, which represented an increase of nine times higher L...

It discloses the experience gained in the radioimmunoassay determination of prolactin (PRL) levels, both in terms of methodology and clinical. Normal, preliminary figures, obtained in 4 women and 4 normal males ranged from 3 to 26 ng / ml, average 17.4 ng / ml. In 12 patients with galactorrhea and / or amenorrhea high concentrations ranging between 33 and 195 ng / ml was found. One of 2 patients under sedative treatment presented hyperprolactinemia; likewise, April 2 acromnegálicos, 1 patient with "non-functioning" and impotence and 1 patient with primary hypothyroidism pituitary tumor. Conversely, 1 patient with panhypopituitarism traumatic fracture because of the skull base was not dosables PRL concentrations. Proof of I-dopa, held in 9 patients with galactorrhea and / or amenorrhea and in patients with pituitary tumor, revealed two types of responses: in 4 cases there is some variati...

The training of a medical professional is a truly endless ongoing process. It is based on the axes of ethics, work in the community and research. It includes the stages of general studies, undergraduate and postgraduate, the latter in turn is composed of Continuing Medical Education, Second Specialization, Master's and Doctorate. It is necessary for the doctor to constantly update his knowledge, in order to meet the care needs that patients require, he must also be aware of the creation or discovery of new knowledge and the transmission of the same for adequate training of greater human resources in health, improvement of professional practice, health research and medical education.

Objectives: To study the basal and postprandial intermediary metabolism of obese high altitude dwellers (OHAD), and to compare with the intermediary metabolism of normal high altitude dwellers (NHAD) and with obese of sea level dwellers (OSLD). Methods: A total of 30 NHAD, 39 OHAD (Cusco, Perú, at 3395 meters above the sea level) and 35 OSLD (Lima, Perú, at 150 meters above the sea level), of both genders, 40 to 70 years old were included. Glucose (G), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (Tg), insulin (I) and non-esterified fatty acids were measured in blood at fasting, Cholesterol VLDL,LDL, NOHDL and HOMA coefficient were calculated; thereafter and during 6 hours after ingestion of a standardizedmixed meal G, I, Tg and NEFA were determined in blood. Results: At fasting HAOD had lower HDL and higher Tg and NEFA concentrations than HAND and higher NEFA than OSLD...