Objective: To study the metabolic characteristics of people with prediabetes and compare them with those of a controlgroup. Material and methods: A total of 105 people have been studied, 57 with prediabetes (prediab), 27 women and 30 men, and 48 people without prediab, 27 women and 21 men, whose anthropometric and blood measurements were taken. measured basal glucose (G0), at 60 and 120 minutes postprandial, basal (I0) and postprandial insulin (Ipp), total cholesterol (TC), HDLcholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (Tg), transaminases (TGO, TGP), vitamin D (VD), parathormone (PTH) by conventionalmethods; the HOMA index, the VLDL, LDL and NoHDL fractions were calculated. Results: People with prediab hadsignificantly higher average weight, BMI, G0, G60 and G120 than those without prediab; there were no differences in the otherbiochemical markers studied. Conclusions: People with prediabetes have...

Subclinical hypothyroidism may contribute to development of cardiovascular disease and has been shown that TSH >2.5uUI/mL is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Objectives: To determine carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), presence of carotid artery plaque and metabolic profile in asymptomatic middle-aged women with TSH ≥2.5 uUI/mL, and compare them with those with levels <2.5 uUI/mL. Design: Analytical and cross-sectional study. Setting: Dos de Mayo Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Women with no history of thyroid disease, cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Interventions: Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting insulin (F-Ins), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure were assessed in 60 women with no history of thyro...

A current review of sulfonylureas as oral hypoglycemic agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, particularly of the second and third generation sulfonylureas is performed. It is also reviewed its mechanism of action, cardiovascular risk, their adverse effects, the recommendation according to the ADA, AACE and ALAD guidelines and its use in patients infected with COVID-19.

Determina el riesgo cardiovascular con esteatosis hepática no alcohólica en diabéticos tipo 2 y en no diabéticos atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Lima 2017. Desarrolla un estudio analítico y correlacional. Se incluyó a 170 pacientes de ambos sexos, con esteatosis hepática no alcohólica (EHNA) por ecografía y sin enfermedad cardiovascular, 85 diabéticos tipo 2 (DM) y 85 no diabéticos (No DM) asintomáticos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Previa firma del consentimiento informado, se registró en ficha clínica la edad, sexo, antecedente de HTA, consumo de tabaco, IMC, circunferencia abdominal (CA) y valores de presión arterial. En condiciones de ayuno se tomaron muestras para glucosa, HbA1c, perfil hepático, perfil lipídico, ácido úrico y microalbuminuria. Se usó NAFLD fibrosis score para determinar la severidad de la esteatosis hep�...

A description of pathophysiological characteristics of the female high altitude dwellers and a comparison with the femalesea level dweller is performed. The observation takes place from birth to old age. In order to to obtain the original informationnational and international bibliographic repositories have been reviewed. During pregnancy altitude fetus are smaller than thefetus at sea level At the delivery placental size and weight are higher at altitude. The newborn weight is the lower the higher thealtitude is. There are not many differences from infancy to puberty age. The reproductive time is shorter at altitude than at sea level since menarche age begins later and menopause age begins earlier, but the fertility rate remains similar. Adult altitude woman has lower glycemia, higher sensitivity to endogenous insulin, and higher uricemia, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Pregnancy at altitu...

Objective: A descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study with a control group was carried out, in which the basal intermediarymetabolism of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) was compared, both at sea level (NM) and at altitude (ALT). Methodology: It has been studied at 33 DM2 of sea level (Lima, 150 m above sea level) and 28 DM2 of height (Cusco, 3395 masl), of both genders, from 40 to 70 years of age. Anthropometric measurements were taken and glucose (G), triglycerides (Tg), insulin (I), non-steroidal fatty acids (NAFA), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, triglycerides (Tg), LDL-C, LDL-C were determined under basal conditions., HDL-C; VLDL, LDL, and NoHDL cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and the HOMA coefficient were calculated. Statistical calculations using the SPSS v. 23. Results: High-altitude DM2 had significantly higher values of weight, height, HDL, Tg and...

Objective. To establish the association between insulin resistance and thyroid nodules in euthyroid women from Metropolitan Lima. Methods. Study in euthyroid women, 20 to 70 years of age: 32 cases (with thyroid nodules) and 32 controls (without thyroid nodules), by ultrasound of the thyroid, negative anti-thyroid antibodies, and adequate urinary iodine excretion (EUI), matched by age and BMI, treated in the Almenara-EsSalud care network. Using a clinical record, age and anthropometric parameters were recorded. Was measured: glucose, basal insulin (IB), and insulin resistance (IR) using the homeostatic model (HOMAIR≥2.97). EUI was detected by spectrophotometer at 420 nm, it was considered adequate between 100-300 ug/L. For the statistical analysis, the student’s t-test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Odds Ratio adjusted for age and abdominal obesity were used, considering...

OBJETIVO. Evaluar las variaciones de la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) en el periodo posprandial en sujetos hipertensos y sus controles. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Se estudió a 27 adultos hipertensos esenciales de entre 40 y 60 años y sus 27 controles pareados por sexo, edad e IMC. Se les realizó el test de tolerancia a la glucosa (TTG) junto a la medición depresión arterial basal, a los 30, 60 y 120 minutos. Se consideró variación anormal a un descenso o aumento de más de  20mm Hg en el promedio de la PAS pospandriales con respecto a la presión basal. Se midió el perfil lipídico completo, la glucosa y la insulina a los 30, 60, 120 minutos de la prueba. RESULTADOS. El 65% de los pacientes hipertensos presentó variaciones anormales de la PAS frente al 8% de los controles. La anormalidad más frecuente de PAS en el estado posprandial fue la hipotensión (88%), la que estuv...

OBJETIVO. Evaluar las variaciones de la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) en el periodo posprandial en sujetos hipertensos y sus controles. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Se estudió a 27 adultos hipertensos esenciales de entre 40 y 60 años y sus 27 controles pareados por sexo, edad e IMC. Se les realizó el test de tolerancia a la glucosa (TTG) junto a la medición depresión arterial basal, a los 30, 60 y 120 minutos. Se consideró variación anormal a un descenso o aumento de más de  20mm Hg en el promedio de la PAS pospandriales con respecto a la presión basal. Se midió el perfil lipídico completo, la glucosa y la insulina a los 30, 60, 120 minutos de la prueba. RESULTADOS. El 65% de los pacientes hipertensos presentó variaciones anormales de la PAS frente al 8% de los controles. La anormalidad más frecuente de PAS en el estado posprandial fue la hipotensión (88%), la que estuv...

Objectives: To study the basal and postprandial intermediary metabolism of obese high altitude dwellers (OHAD), and to compare with the intermediary metabolism of normal high altitude dwellers (NHAD) and with obese of sea level dwellers (OSLD). Methods: A total of 30 NHAD, 39 OHAD (Cusco, Perú, at 3395 meters above the sea level) and 35 OSLD (Lima, Perú, at 150 meters above the sea level), of both genders, 40 to 70 years old were included. Glucose (G), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (Tg), insulin (I) and non-esterified fatty acids were measured in blood at fasting, Cholesterol VLDL,LDL, NOHDL and HOMA coefficient were calculated; thereafter and during 6 hours after ingestion of a standardizedmixed meal G, I, Tg and NEFA were determined in blood. Results: At fasting HAOD had lower HDL and higher Tg and NEFA concentrations than HAND and higher NEFA than OSLD...

Paragangliomas are uncommon tumors that originate in the autonomic nervous system and whose clinical manifestations result from excessive catecholamine production. Most of those arising from parasympathetic ganglia are located in the neck and at the base of the skull, along the branches of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. On the other hand, sympathetic paragangliomas occur outside the adrenal, gland along the sympathetic chain. Approximately 75 % of them occur in the abdomen, most of which are functional and present with hypersecretion of catecholamines. These tumors exhibit varying degress of aggressiveness and are characterized by a wide spectrum of hereditary predisposition. In fact, more than one-third exhibit such susceptibility. Five hereditary syndromes have been described, each with different pathogenic variants. Moreover, it is known that there are various genotypic and ph...

Introduction. The population living on high altitudes areas has a different intermediate metabolism than people who is living on coastal areas, characterized by lower glycemia levels. In patients with type 2 diabetes, who reside at high altitudes, the effect of exercise has not yet been fully studied. Objective. To study the effect of short duration and casual exercise, on basal and post-prandial metabolic control in people with type 2 diabetes (DM2), residents at 3395 msnm. Methods. 14 women and 11 men with DM2, residents at high altitudes (Cusco, 3395 msnm), between 40 to 72 years old, who were intervened with two tests: baseline (A) and pre-postprandial exercise (B) consisting of a walk, for 30 minutes, at 4 Km/h (3 METS). Glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids (AGNE) were measured in the blood on ...

Background: Pictograms on medications aim to convey essential information, such as potential risks during pregnancy. However, their comprehension varies significantly based on the culture and health practices of each region. Objective: Evaluate the knowledge, practices, and understanding of pictograms warning about potential hazards associated with medication use during pregnancy in pregnant and non-pregnant women attending a reference Maternal Perinatal Institute in Peru. Method: Observational, cross-sectional study with non-random sampling. 409 women were surveyed regarding their knowledge of contraindicated medications during pregnancy, the presence of pictograms, frequency of reviewing package inserts, and interpretation of three U.S. approved pictograms from the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, used in products marketed in Peru. Results: 85% of partici...

Objectives. To determine and correlate the bone mineral density (BMD) and the biochemical markers of bone metabolism in adults 30 to 40 years old from Lima, Perú, in year 2018. Methods. A total of 84 women and 53 men, 30 to 40 years old from Lima, Perú, were submmited to a descriptive, transversal study. They did not have symptoms nor treatment for bone metabolic diseases. Information about their present health state, personal and familiar physiological and pathological history and physical examinatión were registered. BMD was measured by dual energy-X-ray absorptiometry in spine, hip and forearm. Parathormone, osteocalcine, 25-hidroxi-vitamine-D, luteinizing hormone, estradiol in women, testosterone in men, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline fosfatase, total and fractionated proteins, creatinine were measured in blood; in urine N-telopéptide, calcium and pho...