The Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and its Research Institute IIGEO, through fulfilling their vision, mission and social responsibility, are co-relating institutional efforts with local governments through framework and specific agreements, such as in the case of the Municipality of Lacabamba. Through this article we show how the sharing research of a multidisciplinary and local population team allowed the carrying out of the agreed strategic planning, the identification of the projects portfolio, citizen’s consultancy, participative budget, projects profile, local participants’ capacities strengthening, among several other deliverable items. The “Adaptation of a waste waters treatment system in the Urban Community of Lacabamba, Ancash Region, Peru, through the use of artificial Damp Areas Technologies” project was particularly planned anperformed. This project allowed ...

The present investigation was a project selected in 2003 that aimed to implement and evaluate the comprehensive wastewater management system in the urban community of Lacabamba, Ancash region, by using the artificial wetland system to treat water and its reuse. in a communal bio-garden, as an innovative technology to reduce contamination of surface water sources; protect the health of the inhabitants and avoid deterioration of the environment; as well as involving the population in its 2015 Sustainable Development Plan for the Lacabamba district and actively participating in the awareness-raising and training programs of the Research project. The call was made by the Small Competitive Research Fund Program of the Secretariat for Environmental Management for Latin America and the Caribbean, SEMA / EMS and the International Development Research Center, IDRC of Canada, and focused on the su...

En los últimos años se están desarrollando tecnologías para el tratamiento de drenajes ácidos (AMD), drenaje de rocas (ARD) y otros efluentes que están causando contaminación ambiental, tanto de aguas como de suelos. Las normativas medioambientales internacionales en la actualidad son bastante exigentes, dado que la prioridad actual es la preservación del medio ambiente. Actualmente se ha venido desarrollando la terminología SBR secuential batch reactor que describe un grupo de sistemas de volumen variable para el tratamiento de lodos activados, donde los procesos de sedimentación, aireación y clarificación se realizan en un mismo reactor. En el SBR suceden en forma secuencial en tiempo diferentes procesos de ecualización, aireación y clarificación. Esto sumado a la tecnología de biomasa permite el tratamiento de un gran espectro de compuestos metálicos y orgánicos. SBR...

Peru maintains a leading position in the world mining in connection to production and extraction of metals like copper, zinc, silver, gold among others. Geological exploration and prospecting already carried out, show us a promissory future for the above mentioned minerals and other interesting findings like nickel in millerite ore which was proved in some ore deposits of the Marañón geological complex. This occurrence allowed us to carry out metallurgical investigation, specifically hydrometallurgical processing for the Peruvian sulphide ore aimed to the development of profitable mining operations for both private sector and the Peruvian state. We showed the metallurgical test results carried out at the metallurgical engineering school related to obtaining metallic nickel plates and its by products like cement and sulphate crystals.

The Institute of Investigation magazine IIGEO, from the beginning, is dealing with relevant subjects in mining, the environment and sustainable development. Its incorporation as virtual magazine into the system of libraries (SISBIB) allowed to spread it over a large number of visitors. Subsequently, the magazine was entered into the Indexed Bases like LATINDEC and SCIELO PERU, achieving a major virtual presence in internet. In recent years, we worked for sharing OJS Base (Open Journal System). This initiative is promoted by the UNMSM Vice Rector of investigation in order to incorporate the university institutes of investigationpublications. IIGEO is considered among the best UNMSM virtual magazines like Annals of Medicine (Anales de Medicina), Biological Peruvian Magazine (Revista Peruana de Biología) and Peruvian Investigations of Veterinary Magazine (Revista de Investigaciones Peruana...

El estudio muestra la caracterización mineralógica y física de los productos obtenidos durante el proceso de Reducción Carbotérmica (RC) de la molibdenita (MoS2). Los resultados mineralógicos del concentrado de molibdenita indican también la presencia de bornita, calcopirita y calcosita. El grado de liberación de la molibdenita resulta ser tan solo de 87.3%, mientras que el restante (12.7%) se encuentra entrelazado. Se encontró que a 900ºC se produce mejor reacción con la relación molar MoS2: C: CaO formándose otras fases cristalinas como CaMoO4, CaSO4, Ca(CO)3 y CaO aparte de la fase CaS, que se esperaba. Además, se observó que el incremento de la temperatura y disminución del tamaño de la partícula mejoran la cinética de reducción carbotérmica de la molibdenita.

La investigación es un acercamiento preliminar a la realidad en el aspecto social, económico, educativo, laboral, salud, medio ambiental, riesgos y desastres de una población que vive bajo la línea de pobreza, manifiesta por la escasez de recursos económicos para cubrir la canasta familiar básica. El diagnóstico para su mejor desarrollo se organizó por áreas de estudio con sus respectivos coordinadores y equipo de trabajo. En el área de desarrollo social y educación se desarrollan los aspectos generales de la historia de la población de Huarangal, el número de habitantes por etéreos, el nivel educativo de los estudiantes y la población económicamente activa. En el área de salud integral, se describen los principales indicadores de salud que detalla la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS), los cuales son: desnutrición, morbilidad, mortalidad y accesibilidad a la salud, l...

En el presente trabajo mostramos las investigaciones pirometalúrgicas desarrolladas en la Escuela de Ingeniería Metalúrgica de la UNMSM, con la finalidad de encontrar reacciones de tostación sólido – sólido sin emisión de gases (TSEG), para adecuarnos a las normas ambientales prevalecientes en el país. El Ministerio del Ambiente está implementando la metodología (RETC) para estimar las emisiones en la industria no ferrosa, para lo cual la tostación sin emisión gaseosa sería una de las estrategias para abatir el SO2. En ese sentido se ha logrado el modelamiento de las condiciones de tostación (TSEG), en función de la temperatura, lo cual nos permitirá hacer distintas simulaciones para minimizar las emisiones fugitivas del SO2.

Technologies are currently being developed for the treatment of acid mine drains (DAM), rock drainage (ARD) and other industrial effluents, which are causing water and soil contamination. Natural acid drainage is one of the foci of environmental contamination in national watersheds and for this reason it is necessary to search for the appropriate technologies to reduce it to suitable environmental conditions. Environmentally sound technologies protect the environment, are less polluting, use all resources more sustainably, recycle a larger portion of their waste and products, and treat waste more acceptably than the technologies they have come to replace. In the present work we show the experimental study of acid rock tests in percolation columns, in which we try to reproduce what happens in the Peruvian mines, this leads us to simulate the main variables that are involved: feed flows an...

This article describes the cementation process of leached solutions from copper sulphide ores being and without being toasted. With favorable results in this study, we get the pattern for the feasibility of moving from the classical technology of concentration to the technology of cementation of copper sulfide minerals containing silver and gold. Simulation steps have been performed considering the different variables involved in the process such as time, agitation, solution concentration, pH and others. A kinetic model of copper cementation from PLS solutions purified by Solvent Extraction (SX) has been developed and it has the following form: C = 6.08 exp (- 0.03 t) Recoveries were obtained greater than 90% copper, which gives the possibility to improve the costs of national ores and con- centrates, as well as to open a favorable scenario for new national metallurgical projects.

Mining is a productive activity based on the rational utilization of non-renewable natural resources. Avizorándose that many mining countries may not base its development with the extraction of raw materials, which must design new strategies for development. Mining has always been regarded as a positive scenario for the market, the strong global demand for metals (copper, zinc, nickel, iron and others), mainly generated by the dynamics of Asian countries –led mainly by China– have allowed have high values of prices never seen in history. The current investigation shows evidence of leaching minerals saline sulfur quite successfully it allows us to infer that the halophilic bacteria play an important role in the dissolution of minerals and could also be taken to account as bio-indicators in the environmental remediation work.

Taking the Peru a leadership in the production of metals in the world, the world’s largest producer of silver, the second of copper and zinc, and the sixth in gold, it is necessary to develop intensive metallurgical research to give greater technological value to our concentrates. In the framework of clean technologies direct reduction of sulphides is of interest in metallurgical processes for obtaining base metal. In this investigation shows results of the kinetics of direct reduction of the chalcopyrite of complex marañón with coal in the presence of dolomite as an opportunity to produce copper from a sulphide avoiding air pollution. We studied the effect of the variables involved in the reduction carbotermica: Temperature, reasons molars of reactants, being kinetic model that we describe the phenomenology of reduction process of the chalcopyrite.

Prospective studies developed in the zone of the Marañón basin show us a type of regional geology called the Marañón-Huánuco Region Complex, consisting of metallic minerals of Copper, Silver, Gold in schists and gneiss in contact with intrusives, as well as minerals of nickel, cobalt, titanium, platinum, among others. The characterization of the minerals in the area using instrumental techniques: minerographic microscope, Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis, multielemental chemical analysis, allow us to corroborate the presence of the metallic minerals of the Marañón Complex, as well as the presence of iron oxides, and to a degree of magnetization that are indicators of the metallic presence in the sampled areas. Metallurgical tests carried out indicate a good metallurgical recovery of the concentrates obtained for the chalcopyrite ore, which indicates a good economic possibility for...

Over the last years, using phenomena models in interpreting and designing of software in metallurgical processes has been increasing. In this present research, a series of experimental test with polymetallic minerals is shown, which have been submitted to Flotation, Filtration, Leaching and Sedimentation processes. Mathematic modelling of such processes is shown, as well as the processing and simulation of the experimental data through the respective models. It is intended to contrast them with data from metallurgical plants for their respective validations. All these results will be used for a better planning and control of industrial variables in a concentrating plant.

The IVE Model has been designed to evaluate environmental conditions of emissions from mobile sources operating in cities. So far, it is being succesfully applied in megacities such as Los Angeles, Santiago, Kajastan, Nairobi, among others, and in 2003 it was succesfully applied also in Lima, the City of Kings. For that purpose, institutional coordinations are made together with the Clean Air National Committee, in order to support this proposal set upon by Riverside University of California and Universidad de Chile. The IVE methodology is based on established protocols such as conduction characteristics, vehicles startings (VOCE units), fleet surveys and videos of the circuits chosen, which were carried out in a severe and technical way, thus obtaining valuable data for the following simulations of greenhouse gases, emission factors, the behaviour pattern of the whole of vehicles in the...

This article proposes a historical analysis of the initiatives in Environmental Education of international organizations: United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). In this context, the National University of San Marcos (UNMSM) establishes a series of activities, such as: postgraduate programs in Environmental Sciences, courses, workshops and environmental protection campaigns. And through the Higher Research Council (CSI), environmental studies are carried out in the different Research Institutes and Centers, likewise, committees are formed and Inter-institutional Agreements related to the Environment are prepared. To consolidate these initiatives, the UNMSM Environmental Education Network was created in April 2003 in order to participate in the formation of institutional capacities and participate in the ...

This article describes the cementation process of leached solutions from copper sulphide ores being and without being toasted. With favorable results in this study, we get the pattern for the feasibility of moving from the classical technology of concentration to the technology of cementation of copper sulfide minerals containing silver and gold. Simulation steps have been performed considering the different variables involved in the process such as time, agitation, solution concentration, pH and others. A kinetic model of copper cementation from PLS solutions purified by Solvent Extraction (SX) has been developed and it has the following form: C = 6.08 exp (- 0.03 t) Recoveries were obtained greater than 90% copper, which gives the possibility to improve the costs of national ores and con- centrates, as well as to open a favorable scenario for new national metallurgical projects.

Mining is a productive activity based on the rational utilization of non-renewable natural resources. Avizorándose that many mining countries may not base its development with the extraction of raw materials, which must design new strategies for development. Mining has always been regarded as a positive scenario for the market, the strong global demand for metals (copper, zinc, nickel, iron and others), mainly generated by the dynamics of Asian countries –led mainly by China– have allowed have high values of prices never seen in history. The current investigation shows evidence of leaching minerals saline sulfur quite successfully it allows us to infer that the halophilic bacteria play an important role in the dissolution of minerals and could also be taken to account as bio-indicators in the environmental remediation work.

Taking the Peru a leadership in the production of metals in the world, the world’s largest producer of silver, the second of copper and zinc, and the sixth in gold, it is necessary to develop intensive metallurgical research to give greater technological value to our concentrates. In the framework of clean technologies direct reduction of sulphides is of interest in metallurgical processes for obtaining base metal. In this investigation shows results of the kinetics of direct reduction of the chalcopyrite of complex marañón with coal in the presence of dolomite as an opportunity to produce copper from a sulphide avoiding air pollution. We studied the effect of the variables involved in the reduction carbotermica: Temperature, reasons molars of reactants, being kinetic model that we describe the phenomenology of reduction process of the chalcopyrite.

Estudios prospectivos desarrollados en la zna de la cuenca del Marañón nos muestran un tipo de geología regional denominada Complejo del Marañón-Región Huánuco, consistente en minerales metálicos de Cobre, Plata, Oro en esquistos y gneis en contacto con intrusivos, así como también minerales de níquel, cobalto, titanio, platino, entre otros. La caracterización de los minerales de la zona mediante técnicas instrumentales: microscopio minerográfico, análisis por espectroscopia Mössbauer, análisis químico multielemental, nos permiten corroborar la presencia de los minerales metálicos del Complejo Marañón, así como la presencia de óxidos de hierro, y con un grado de magnetización que son indicadores de la presencia metálica en las zonas muestreadas. Pruebas metalúrgicas efectuadas nos indican una buena recuperación metalúrgica de los concentrados obtenidos para el...