Condensation of hydrogen atoms into solid-state (metallic) under high pressure (500 GPa) was one key experimental fact in this millennium. Triggering a race to explore the conditions necessary to produce a metallic state in metal-hydride compounds under high-pressures by using a diamond anvil cell, although some laboratories did not only obtain others compounds in metallic-state, they also achieved the superconducting state. In October 2020, carbon, sulfur and hydrogen compound became room-temperature superconductor (287,7 K) under pressure close to 267 GPa, sparking again the interest in superconducting materials, and coming back one more time the dream of the technological applications of room-temperature superconductors without cooling liquid.

With ab-initio calculation carried out the analysis of the electronic properties of the topaz in its fundamental state, with different concentrations of Fluorina (F^(-)) and Hidroxilo (OH^(-)) ions, using the package TB-LMTO-ASA. This compound presents optic properties in its natural form with different concentrations of [F^(-),OH^(-)], as well as to the interaction with ionizing radiation. As a result we will have that as much the total energy as the gap fall in non lineal form to the increase of OH ions, being the topaz with 100% F is but stable that the topaz with OH^(-). Product of this increase takes place a phase transformation, increasing of volume and lowering the energy of Ferrni.

By TB-LMTO-ASA method, calculation of the density of states is performed. charge density and electronic localization function topaz and its elements, with the aim of studying the links of its crystalline structure, that when subsequently irradiated with neutrons in the nucleus epiiérmicos reactor RP-1 O, defects will occur in the crystal lattice, changing its optical response. The results show that the aluminum atoms have higher mobilization probabilicfad, this is due to the weak link of the electron delocalization product

With ab-initio calculation carried out the analysis of the electronic properties of the topaz in its fundamental state, with different concentrations of Fluorina (F^(-)) and Hidroxilo (OH^(-)) ions, using the package TB-LMTO-ASA. This compound presents optic properties in its natural form with different concentrations of [F^(-),OH^(-)], as well as to the interaction with ionizing radiation. As a result we will have that as much the total energy as the gap fall in non lineal form to the increase of OH ions, being the topaz with 100% F is but stable that the topaz with OH^(-). Product of this increase takes place a phase transformation, increasing of volume and lowering the energy of Ferrni.

By TB-LMTO-ASA method, calculation of the density of states is performed. charge density and electronic localization function topaz and its elements, with the aim of studying the links of its crystalline structure, that when subsequently irradiated with neutrons in the nucleus epiiérmicos reactor RP-1 O, defects will occur in the crystal lattice, changing its optical response. The results show that the aluminum atoms have higher mobilization probabilicfad, this is due to the weak link of the electron delocalization product

We applied a multielemental analytical method for characterization of archaeological ceramics from Villa El Salvador. The ceramics were characterize using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analyses (INAA), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Whole vessels with no accurate provenience and Villa El Salvador ceramics sherds were analyzed. The EDXRF system can measure both the whole vessels and ceramics sherds. The results from the whole vessels were in good agreement with the results obtained from the ceramics sherds, with one exception. Thus, the comparison of the EDXRF spectra of the whole vessels with the data base of the Villa El Salvador sherd collection allows us the identification of distinctive groups of the site.

The superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 compound was synthesized by the sol-gel technique. The pattern of X-ray diffraction showed that the ceramic oxide crystallized in an orthorhombic structure. The structure analysis was performed by allowing Rietveld refinement obtain network parameters, the atomic positions, occupancy of atomic sites, identify dollies and spurious secondary compound and the percentage content of the latter

The superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 compound was synthesized by the sol-gel technique. The pattern of X-ray diffraction showed that the ceramic oxide crystallized in an orthorhombic structure. The structure analysis was performed by allowing Rietveld refinement obtain network parameters, the atomic positions, occupancy of atomic sites, identify dollies and spurious secondary compound and the percentage content of the latter

A structural study of the incorporation of Pr-ion into the Y-site was realized in polycrystalline samples of [Y1−xPrx]Ba2Cu3O7 through of Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns, bond valence method and electronic density diagrams correlating its doping effects on the superconducting properties. The oxygen content was checked by means of μ-Raman spectroscopy, observing the frequency position of OO4-Ag phonon mode, and establishing a relationship among the O4-Ag mode frequency and the two copper sites, Cu(1) and Cu(2). Two regions are observed with Pr-rich and Y-rich microstructures.

Prospective studies developed in the zone of the Marañón basin show us a type of regional geology called the Marañón-Huánuco Region Complex, consisting of metallic minerals of Copper, Silver, Gold in schists and gneiss in contact with intrusives, as well as minerals of nickel, cobalt, titanium, platinum, among others. The characterization of the minerals in the area using instrumental techniques: minerographic microscope, Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis, multielemental chemical analysis, allow us to corroborate the presence of the metallic minerals of the Marañón Complex, as well as the presence of iron oxides, and to a degree of magnetization that are indicators of the metallic presence in the sampled areas. Metallurgical tests carried out indicate a good metallurgical recovery of the concentrates obtained for the chalcopyrite ore, which indicates a good economic possibility for...

Estudios prospectivos desarrollados en la zna de la cuenca del Marañón nos muestran un tipo de geología regional denominada Complejo del Marañón-Región Huánuco, consistente en minerales metálicos de Cobre, Plata, Oro en esquistos y gneis en contacto con intrusivos, así como también minerales de níquel, cobalto, titanio, platino, entre otros. La caracterización de los minerales de la zona mediante técnicas instrumentales: microscopio minerográfico, análisis por espectroscopia Mössbauer, análisis químico multielemental, nos permiten corroborar la presencia de los minerales metálicos del Complejo Marañón, así como la presencia de óxidos de hierro, y con un grado de magnetización que son indicadores de la presencia metálica en las zonas muestreadas. Pruebas metalúrgicas efectuadas nos indican una buena recuperación metalúrgica de los concentrados obtenidos para el...

Taking the Peru a leadership in the production of metals in the world, the world’s largest producer of silver, the second of copper and zinc, and the sixth in gold, it is necessary to develop intensive metallurgical research to give greater technological value to our concentrates. In the framework of clean technologies direct reduction of sulphides is of interest in metallurgical processes for obtaining base metal. In this investigation shows results of the kinetics of direct reduction of the chalcopyrite of complex marañón with coal in the presence of dolomite as an opportunity to produce copper from a sulphide avoiding air pollution. We studied the effect of the variables involved in the reduction carbotermica: Temperature, reasons molars of reactants, being kinetic model that we describe the phenomenology of reduction process of the chalcopyrite.

Taking the Peru a leadership in the production of metals in the world, the world’s largest producer of silver, the second of copper and zinc, and the sixth in gold, it is necessary to develop intensive metallurgical research to give greater technological value to our concentrates. In the framework of clean technologies direct reduction of sulphides is of interest in metallurgical processes for obtaining base metal. In this investigation shows results of the kinetics of direct reduction of the chalcopyrite of complex marañón with coal in the presence of dolomite as an opportunity to produce copper from a sulphide avoiding air pollution. We studied the effect of the variables involved in the reduction carbotermica: Temperature, reasons molars of reactants, being kinetic model that we describe the phenomenology of reduction process of the chalcopyrite.

We studied the optimun temperature to favor the epitaxial growth of YBa2Cu3O7 layers using threesintering temperatures of 820, 840 and 860℃, by the chemical solution deposition method in SrTiO3[100] monocrystalline substrates. Surface morphology was obtained by optical imaging, which qualitativelycharacterize the homogeneity and the grain presence along the c-axis. The X-ray diffractionconfirms the preferential epitaxial growth (00l) of the YBa2Cu3O7 crystals, resulting in a higher intensityof the profiles (00l) for the temperature of 860℃. The samples shown superconducting behaviourat critical temperature of 90 K, for the three cases.

This article describes the cementation process of leached solutions from copper sulphide ores being and without being toasted. With favorable results in this study, we get the pattern for the feasibility of moving from the classical technology of concentration to the technology of cementation of copper sulfide minerals containing silver and gold. Simulation steps have been performed considering the different variables involved in the process such as time, agitation, solution concentration, pH and others. A kinetic model of copper cementation from PLS solutions purified by Solvent Extraction (SX) has been developed and it has the following form: C = 6.08 exp (- 0.03 t) Recoveries were obtained greater than 90% copper, which gives the possibility to improve the costs of national ores and con- centrates, as well as to open a favorable scenario for new national metallurgical projects.

This article describes the cementation process of leached solutions from copper sulphide ores being and without being toasted. With favorable results in this study, we get the pattern for the feasibility of moving from the classical technology of concentration to the technology of cementation of copper sulfide minerals containing silver and gold. Simulation steps have been performed considering the different variables involved in the process such as time, agitation, solution concentration, pH and others. A kinetic model of copper cementation from PLS solutions purified by Solvent Extraction (SX) has been developed and it has the following form: C = 6.08 exp (- 0.03 t) Recoveries were obtained greater than 90% copper, which gives the possibility to improve the costs of national ores and con- centrates, as well as to open a favorable scenario for new national metallurgical projects.

On the base of the ceramic superconductor YBa2Cu307 obtained by SOL-GEL process whose critic temperature reached was 92 K. A new doped structure has been synthesized with calcium, in which the Ytrio has been replaced by the calcium in stoichiometry proportion Y:Ca = 0,8: 0,2 . The precursors obtained with the help of oxalate stoichiometry have been modified with calcium nitrate. The obtained matrize was treated thermally 860 ºC and 880 ºC. The characterization has been carrie through the technique of X Rays Diffraction obtained showed that the obtained materials present a high crystalline grade and a good correspondence in their crystalline structures corresponding to each superconductivity phase.

On the base of the ceramic superconductor YBa2Cu307 obtained by SOL-GEL process whose critic temperature reached was 92 K. A new doped structure has been synthesized with calcium, in which the Ytrio has been replaced by the calcium in stoichiometry proportion Y:Ca = 0,8: 0,2 . The precursors obtained with the help of oxalate stoichiometry have been modified with calcium nitrate. The obtained matrize was treated thermally 860 ºC and 880 ºC. The characterization has been carrie through the technique of X Rays Diffraction obtained showed that the obtained materials present a high crystalline grade and a good correspondence in their crystalline structures corresponding to each superconductivity phase.