En el mundo globalizado, se ha incrementado la demanda de nuevos productos y procesos tecnológicos; y existe una gran tendencia en el mercado de usar fuentes de carbono menos contaminantes para obtener energía y productos de interés industrial; lo que abre gran expectativa y futuro para la biotecnología blanca, la cual se basa en la producción de sustancias químicas utilizando microorganismos o productos de ellos.En los años venideros, los nuevos productos biotecnológicos permitirán el desarrollo de las economías de los países, conservaran el medio ambiente, así como mejoraran la calidad de vida. Esta visión, se sustenta en que las técnicas industriales basadas en la biotecnología consumirán menos recursos energéticos, producirán menos residuos químicos, colaborarán con el medio ambiente al reducir las emisiones de gases causantes del efecto invernadero, proporcionar�...

En el mundo globalizado, se ha incrementado la demanda de nuevos productos y procesos tecnológicos; y existe una gran tendencia en el mercado de usar fuentes de carbono menos contaminantes para obtener energía y productos de interés industrial; lo que abre gran expectativa y futuro para la biotecnología blanca, la cual se basa en la producción de sustancias químicas utilizando microorganismos o productos de ellos.En los años venideros, los nuevos productos biotecnológicos permitirán el desarrollo de las economías de los países, conservaran el medio ambiente, así como mejoraran la calidad de vida. Esta visión, se sustenta en que las técnicas industriales basadas en la biotecnología consumirán menos recursos energéticos, producirán menos residuos químicos, colaborarán con el medio ambiente al reducir las emisiones de gases causantes del efecto invernadero, proporcionar�...

The β-galactosidases (EC3.2.1.23) are glycosyl hydrolases which mainly catalyze the hydrolysis of β-D-galactosides in various types of microorganisms, which are used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. One of the potential sources for the production of enzymes that show these characteristics are microorganisms from extreme environments, such as salt brine. In this study, was cloned and characterized the betagalactosidase gene from Bacillus sp MSP7 isolated from Pilluana saltern in San Martin, Peru, because it shown enzymatic activity of 65 U/mg dried cells, the greatest activity than other four Bacillus sp. strains isolated from same village. For this, specific primers were designed from regions of consensus amino acid sequences of the Bacillus genus from available betagaltosidase sequences in data banks. Betagalactsidase gene of Bacillus sp. MSP7 was amplified by polymerase chain re...

The β-galactosidases (EC3.2.1.23) are glycosyl hydrolases which mainly catalyze the hydrolysis of β-D-galactosides in various types of microorganisms, which are used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. One of the potential sources for the production of enzymes that show these characteristics are microorganisms from extreme environments, such as salt brine. In this study, was cloned and characterized the betagalactosidase gene from Bacillus sp MSP7 isolated from Pilluana saltern in San Martin, Peru, because it shown enzymatic activity of 65 U/mg dried cells, the greatest activity than other four Bacillus sp. strains isolated from same village. For this, specific primers were designed from regions of consensus amino acid sequences of the Bacillus genus from available betagaltosidase sequences in data banks. Betagalactsidase gene of Bacillus sp. MSP7 was amplified by polymerase chain re...

The use of the lasctobacilos as probiotics has been increased due to its beneficial properties for the human and animal health. With the objective to identify and to obtain native starais of lactobacilos to be used as probiotics , 9 isolated lactobacilos from different natural sources were selected. The Lactobacillus species were identified by carbohydrate fermentation patterns and by the Polymerase Chain Reaction using specific primers designed from 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer regions. The selected lactobacilos belong to the following species: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb acidophilus, Lb. casei and Lb. fermentum corresponding in number of strains by species 3, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. The probiotic potential of these microorganismos was determined by low pH stability, tolerance to bile and their antimicrobial activity against the enteric pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichi...

In the present study it was determined the genetic variability of Listería monocytogenes strains ísolated of raw milk from 11 dairy farms that sell this nutritional product in Lima. 250 units of sample equivalent to 50 raw milk samples were taken accordíng to FDA rules and they were streaked on the spedfic Oxford and Palcam media. L. monocytogenes was isolated in 8% (4/50) samples, 2 of Puente Piedra and 2 of Lurin. In 4% (2/50) of the samples was got Listeria spp. By positive sample 4 colonies were taken obtaining a total of 16 L. momocytogenes isolates, these were identified by biochemical tests and the polymerase chain reaction. L. monocytogenes strains were genotyping by the technique of the Random Amplified Polimorphíc DNA (RAPD) using 10 primers of arbitrary sequence. The RAPD protiles were very homogenous in the 16 isolates, generating only three genotypes named I,II and III t...

The bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a protein which plays a role as a proton pump when is stimulated by light. The bR is involved in ATP's synthesis through a process of transductíon, turning light energy into chemical energy(photosynthesis). The bR codífied by bop gene and located in the cell envelope, covers up to 50 % of the extreme haloarchaeas when the environment is anaerobic. This feature shows a maximum degree of adjustment to anaerobic conditions of halophilic microorganism. Since the bR functíon as photoreceptor was proposed, several studies have been done in order to elucidate its amino acid sequence, structural conformation, physicochemical properties and expression and gene regulation characteristics. The excellent bR's photochemical and thermodynamic properties make it a peculiar molecule and a candidate to biotechnological applications in biocomputation for example in optical...

The use of the lasctobacilos as probiotics has been increased due to its beneficial properties for the human and animal health. With the objective to identify and to obtain native starais of lactobacilos to be used as probiotics , 9 isolated lactobacilos from different natural sources were selected. The Lactobacillus species were identified by carbohydrate fermentation patterns and by the Polymerase Chain Reaction using specific primers designed from 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer regions. The selected lactobacilos belong to the following species: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb acidophilus, Lb. casei and Lb. fermentum corresponding in number of strains by species 3, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. The probiotic potential of these microorganismos was determined by low pH stability, tolerance to bile and their antimicrobial activity against the enteric pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichi...

In the present study it was determined the genetic variability of Listería monocytogenes strains ísolated of raw milk from 11 dairy farms that sell this nutritional product in Lima. 250 units of sample equivalent to 50 raw milk samples were taken accordíng to FDA rules and they were streaked on the spedfic Oxford and Palcam media. L. monocytogenes was isolated in 8% (4/50) samples, 2 of Puente Piedra and 2 of Lurin. In 4% (2/50) of the samples was got Listeria spp. By positive sample 4 colonies were taken obtaining a total of 16 L. momocytogenes isolates, these were identified by biochemical tests and the polymerase chain reaction. L. monocytogenes strains were genotyping by the technique of the Random Amplified Polimorphíc DNA (RAPD) using 10 primers of arbitrary sequence. The RAPD protiles were very homogenous in the 16 isolates, generating only three genotypes named I,II and III t...

The bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a protein which plays a role as a proton pump when is stimulated by light. The bR is involved in ATP's synthesis through a process of transductíon, turning light energy into chemical energy(photosynthesis). The bR codífied by bop gene and located in the cell envelope, covers up to 50 % of the extreme haloarchaeas when the environment is anaerobic. This feature shows a maximum degree of adjustment to anaerobic conditions of halophilic microorganism. Since the bR functíon as photoreceptor was proposed, several studies have been done in order to elucidate its amino acid sequence, structural conformation, physicochemical properties and expression and gene regulation characteristics. The excellent bR's photochemical and thermodynamic properties make it a peculiar molecule and a candidate to biotechnological applications in biocomputation for example in optical...

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fructose polymers, linked by β-glucosidic bonds (2-1), considered low caloric food sweeteners with prebiotic function and can be obtained from sucrose by biosynthesis. The fruits of the carob tree (Prosopis pallida) contain mainly carbohydrates where sucrose stands out. For this reason, the production of FOS from carob extract was optimized using a pectinase from A. aculeatus. The response surface methodology using was applied to optimize the parameters that affected production: time, temperature and carob extract; then they were verified experimentally. The biosynthesis process of FOS was carried out with carob extract at the concentrations of 20, 35 and 50 ° Bx, Pectinase at 10, 35 and 61mg, at 45, 55 and 65 °C for 0,5, 9,5 and 18 h, with stirring at 150 rpm The analysis methods were glucose oxidase and AOAC 999.03, for glucose and FOS respectively a...

The aim of this study was to characterize halotolerant bacteria producing hydrolases of biotechnological interest isolated from hot springs from Tarapoto. For that, water samples were collected and plated on trypticase soy agar containing 5% sodium chloride at 37 °C for 24 h. 14 aerobic bacterial isolates were selected to show colonies of different size, colour and consistency, then morphological and physiological properties and hydrolytic capacity to tween 80, starch, gelatin, carboximetilcellulose, lactose were determined. The 14 isolates were grouped according to substrate hydrolyzation profiles in groups: I (starch), II (lactose), III (Tween 80 and gelatin) , IV (tween 80 and starch ), V (starch, gelatin, lactose), VI (tween 80, starch and gelatin) corresponding in number of bacteria 1; 1; 1; 5; 1,5; respectively. 86% (12/14) of isolates hydrolyzed more than one substrate, but none ...

Throughout the world, interest toward the search of natural sources of betacarotene has beenincreased due to its wide use as a colorant and antioxidant agent in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. In order to isolate Archaea halophilics betacarotene producers, salt samples from solar saltems located in Huacho were taken and cultured in sea water agar (SWA) supplemented with 20% NaCl and 0.5% yeast extract.. From the 25 microorganisms isolated, 12 which presented difierent reddish cellular pigmentation were chosen. Selected isolates were analyzed to determine their cellular growth and ability to produce betacarotene, being the isolate W2 which obtained the highest cellular pigmentation index. Besides, optimal concentration of NaCl and yeast extract to increase the production of betacarotene was determined. Isolate W2 was identified as Haloferax gibbonsii of the Archaea domain by...

Infectious Coriza (IC) is a disease of the upper respiratory tract of commerdal birds, is caused by Haemophilus paragallinarum, prevented through vaccines and treated by several antimicrobials. With the objective of determining the sensitivity of most used-anti Infectious Coriza antimicrobials, nineteen strains of H. paragallinarum isolated from beeders layer hens and broiler chickens with typical symptoms of IC, from different avian regions of Peru were used. The minimal inhibitory concentrations to trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, gentamicin and enrofloxacin were determined through the microdilution method reconunended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. All strains of H paragallinarum were resistant to sulfamethoxazole; intermediate sensitivity and / or resistant to trimethoprimand and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin and amoxicillin, but ...

The aim of this study was to characterize halotolerant bacteria producing hydrolases of biotechnological interest isolated from hot springs from Tarapoto. For that, water samples were collected and plated on trypticase soy agar containing 5% sodium chloride at 37 °C for 24 h. 14 aerobic bacterial isolates were selected to show colonies of different size, colour and consistency, then morphological and physiological properties and hydrolytic capacity to tween 80, starch, gelatin, carboximetilcellulose, lactose were determined. The 14 isolates were grouped according to substrate hydrolyzation profiles in groups: I (starch), II (lactose), III (Tween 80 and gelatin) , IV (tween 80 and starch ), V (starch, gelatin, lactose), VI (tween 80, starch and gelatin) corresponding in number of bacteria 1; 1; 1; 5; 1,5; respectively. 86% (12/14) of isolates hydrolyzed more than one substrate, but none ...

Throughout the world, interest toward the search of natural sources of betacarotene has beenincreased due to its wide use as a colorant and antioxidant agent in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. In order to isolate Archaea halophilics betacarotene producers, salt samples from solar saltems located in Huacho were taken and cultured in sea water agar (SWA) supplemented with 20% NaCl and 0.5% yeast extract.. From the 25 microorganisms isolated, 12 which presented difierent reddish cellular pigmentation were chosen. Selected isolates were analyzed to determine their cellular growth and ability to produce betacarotene, being the isolate W2 which obtained the highest cellular pigmentation index. Besides, optimal concentration of NaCl and yeast extract to increase the production of betacarotene was determined. Isolate W2 was identified as Haloferax gibbonsii of the Archaea domain by...

Infectious Coriza (IC) is a disease of the upper respiratory tract of commerdal birds, is caused by Haemophilus paragallinarum, prevented through vaccines and treated by several antimicrobials. With the objective of determining the sensitivity of most used-anti Infectious Coriza antimicrobials, nineteen strains of H. paragallinarum isolated from beeders layer hens and broiler chickens with typical symptoms of IC, from different avian regions of Peru were used. The minimal inhibitory concentrations to trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, gentamicin and enrofloxacin were determined through the microdilution method reconunended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. All strains of H paragallinarum were resistant to sulfamethoxazole; intermediate sensitivity and / or resistant to trimethoprimand and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin and amoxicillin, but ...

Halophilic bacteria produce a great variety of substances and enzymes with interesting biotechnological applications. In order to isolate moderately halophilic bacteria from saline environments in Atacocha (Ayacucho}, salt samples were collected and inoculated in saline medium (5% total salts) with 0.5% yeast extract. After one week incubation they were streaked onto agar plates prepared with the same saline medium as before but solidified with 2% agar. Ten, out of 40 isolates, were selected based on their differential cultural and morphological features. Further characterization of the selected isolated included tolerance to NaCl, temperature and pH ranges for growth and some biochemical and nutritional tests. The strains tolerated 0.1 to 4.0 M NaCl and had their optima between 1.5 and 2.0 M, the temperatures and pH values enabling growth were 4 to 37 ºC and 5 to 9, respectively. The m...

The maín objectíve of this study was to evaluate the genotype frequency for the presence of the Alu TPA-25 insertíon in fue 8 intron of the tíssue plasminogen activator gene (TPA) in a population of 50 students belonging to the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. It was used the Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in order to amplify the region containing the Alu insertion and to determine the presence of TPA-25. The genotype frequency was determined by count of the presence or absence of the Alu insertion and then, evaluated across the test of Chi-square (X2) to know if they were in Hardy-Weinberg's balance. The genotype frequency for the presence of TPA-25 was in Hardy-Weínberg's balance (X2= 1.366, P = 0.505): homocigote 0.108, heterocigote 0.568 and homocigote absence 0.324. In conclusion, in the studied population exists a predomi...

Las bacterias halófilas producen una gran variedad de metabolitos y enzimas con interesantes aplicaciones bíotecnológicas. Con la finalidad de aislar bacterias halófilas moderadas de las minas salinas de Atacocha - Ayacucho, se recolectaron muestras de sal y se preenriquecieron en medio agua de sales al 5% suplementado con extracto de levadura al 0.5% durante una semana y luego se sembraron en medio sólido. De 40 aislados se seleccionaron 10 por presentar características morfológicas y culturales muy diferenciadas. A los aislados seleccionados se les determinó el rango de tolerancia al NaCl, temperatura, pH y sus características bioquímicas y nutricionales. Se encontró que los aislados toleraban cantidades de sal diferentes entre 0.1 y 4.0 M de NaCl, pero sus óptimos de NaCl se situaron entre 1.5 y 2.0 M, los rangos de temperaturas estuvieron entre 4 y 37 ºC y los de pH entr...