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1
artículo
Publicado 2021
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The present study was carried out at the confluence of the Baños, Minascocha and Quilla micro-basins; which belongs to the upper part of the Chancay-Huaral basin, in order to identify the areas of greatest vulnerability to high intensity rainfall phenomena (floods). For the modeling of this section, the flows obtained by means of the SWAT software were used. The flood simulation was carried out using the IBER V2.5 software, which is free software, which is used to simulate floods in shallow waters, that is, shallow waters. The files used were satellite images, DEM files, maximum flows. The Geographic Information Systems were also used: ArcGis 10.5, QGIS 3.8.2, SASPLANET, GLOBALMAPER. The mathematical basis was the two-dimensional equations of St. Venant, which incorporates the turbulence and friction of the flow. The results are shown in three strategic points at the exit of the headwat...
2
tesis de grado
Publicado 2021
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Basin-scale simulation is fundamental to understand the hydrological cycle, and in identifying information essential for water management. Accordingly, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is applied to simulate runoff in the semi-arid Tambo River Basin in southern Peru, where economic activities are driven by the availability of water. The SWAT model was calibrated using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Ver-2 (SUFI-2) algorithm and two objective functions namely the Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (NSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) for the period 1994 to 2001 which includes an initial warm-up period of 3 years; it was then validated for 2002 to 2016 using daily river discharge values. The best results were obtained using the objective function R2; a comparison of results of the daily and monthly performance evaluation between the calibration period and valida...
3
artículo
Publicado 2023
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In the present work, the morphometric and functional characteristics of the Teaone river sub-basin were studied, using geographic information systemtools, as an input for land use planning. Digital global elevation models from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER-GDEM) were used. Among the most outstanding parameters we have that the Teaone river sub-basin has an area of 504,66 km2, aperimeter of 138,48 km, a shape factor of 0,27; which means that it is not prone to flash floods; and a compactness index of 1,74 that expresses theelongated shape of the sub-basin, with a low water concentration and unlikely recurrent floods.
4
artículo
The research work was carried out in the sub-basin of the Yanayacu River (Ancash - Peru), its objectives were: to characterize the sub-basin of the Yanayacu River and the contrast of the existing empirical equations in the scientific literature related to the water network. The 20i Recuay digital charts and the Arcgis 10.8 software were used as materials. Horton's laws of channel number, mean channel length for a given order, and Melton's law were confirmed for the Yanayacu River sub-basin. Also, an exponential equation was obtained for the prediction of the total number of channels as a function of the channel order and a potential equation for the prediction of the total length of channels as a function of the total number of channels of a given order. Keywords: water network; Horton; Melton; number of channels; channel order
5
artículo
The research work was carried out in the sub-basin of the Yanayacu River (Ancash - Peru), its objectives were: to characterize the sub-basin of the Yanayacu River and the contrast of the existing empirical equations in the scientific literature related to the water network. The 20i Recuay digital charts and the Arcgis 10.8 software were used as materials. Horton's laws of channel number, mean channel length for a given order, and Melton's law were confirmed for the Yanayacu River sub-basin. Also, an exponential equation was obtained for the prediction of the total number of channels as a function of the channel order and a potential equation for the prediction of the total length of channels as a function of the total number of channels of a given order. Keywords: water network; Horton; Melton; number of channels; channel order
6
artículo
Publicado 2012
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The pollution of the continental waters is a problem at a world scale, mainly due to the impact of the mining tailings. Using top technologies as neutralization plants of acid waters, many companies are mitigating the impact of this functioning; so taking as a reference the changes in the concentration of heavy metals present in water, soils and cultivations of the high, middle and low basin of the Moche river, samplings of water were obtained at eight stations of the Moche river (Trujillo, Peru), and in four sectors of its margins for soils and cultivations. The most representative heavy metals in water were found in the high basin during the year 1980: iron (557.500 ppm), lead (100.375 ppm), cadmium (4.550 ppm), copper (6.900 ppm), zinc (262.900 ppm) and arsenic (9.000 ppm); whereas in the soils the higher concentrations were found on the right margin of median basin in the year 1980: ...
7
artículo
Publicado 2012
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The pollution of the continental waters is a problem at a world scale, mainly due to the impact of the mining tailings. Using top technologies as neutralization plants of acid waters, many companies are mitigating the impact of this functioning; so taking as a reference the changes in the concentration of heavy metals present in water, soils and cultivations of the high, middle and low basin of the Moche river, samplings of water were obtained at eight stations of the Moche river (Trujillo, Peru), and in four sectors of its margins for soils and cultivations. The most representative heavy metals in water were found in the high basin during the year 1980: iron (557.500 ppm), lead (100.375 ppm), cadmium (4.550 ppm), copper (6.900 ppm), zinc (262.900 ppm) and arsenic (9.000 ppm); whereas in the soils the higher concentrations were found on the right margin of median basin in the year 1980: ...
8
tesis de maestría
Publicado 2020
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Evalúa la influencia de la variabilidad atlántica en la precipitación de la Cuenca Amazónica. Este estudio proporciona un análisis detallado, en la escala de tiempo interanual, de la influencia del Pacífico tropical y el Océano Atlántico en el régimen de precipitaciones sobre América del Sur, con un enfoque en la Cuenca Amazónica. Para ello, se utilizan datos mensuales de temperatura de la superficie del mar para determinar los principales modos de variabilidad en tres regiones atlánticas: Atlántico norte tropical (TNA), Atlántico sur tropical (TSA) y Atlántico sur subtropical (STSA). Además, se analizó la interacción Pacífico y Atlántico mediante correlaciones móviles y ondeletas cruzadas para el período 1880-2017. Descubrimos que las regiones del Atlántico se han estado acoplando y desacoplando en períodos específicos. Asimismo, los océanos Pacífico y Atlánt...
9
objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2017
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We would like to thank the PUPC and CONCYTEC for the opportunity given to carry out this work within the management agreement N° 27-2015 - FONDECYT between these institutions. In addition, the authors thank to SENAMHI and especially to Alan Llacza.
10
artículo
Publicado 2020
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In this study, it is presented the Length-Weight relationship and Condition Factor for Prochilodus nigricans (boquichico) and Potamorhina altamazonica (llambina) from the Tahuayo River basin. These two species are among the most important commercial and subsistence fishing resources for Loreto, Peru. Biological data were collected during 12 months and analyses were obtained after 1,114 individual records of these two species from catches provided by the Association of Artisanal Fishermen "Puma Garza I". Results showed that boquichico, both males and females, features an isometric growth (PT = 0,0126 × LT3.034) and llambina has a negative allometric growth with differences in the parameters for females (PT = 0,0985 × LT2.35) and for males (PT = 0,0755 × LT2.43). Fish stocks of both species were found in good fitness condition throughout the hydrological cycle and variations were relate...
11
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The loss of biodiversity and the effects of climate change hurt agricultural production and food security in Peru and around the world. The family farming sector in Peru (97% of agricultural units – AU) faces numerous challenges when it comes to sustainably producing food. To sustain Peruvian agriculture in the face of climate change, climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices and agrobiodiversity conservation are essential. This document characterizes the level of agrobiodiversity (index IDA) of family AUs in the Crisnejas basin and analyzes the impact of the elements that affect farmers’ decisions to apply multiple CSA measures. CSA adoption decisions were analyzed using an econometric analysis framework combining multivariate and ordered probit models for 340 family AUs. Results indicate that AUs with a lower agrobiodiversity index (IDA) have a higher monthly income (IDA = 0.56, 3...
12
artículo
Publicado 2020
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In this work, maximum flows observed in the Paranapanema river basin are modeled by a mixture of two GEV distributions whose components correspond to the summer and winter subpopulations. The nonlinear discriminant function allowed to confirm the assumption of mixture model.The proposed model is then used to determine probabilities of exceedance and return periods associated with extreme flows, which are of fundamental importance for hydraulic projects. The results show significant differences when a mixture model is used and therefore an approach more coherent with the observed data.
13
artículo
Publicado 2020
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In this work, maximum flows observed in the Paranapanema river basin are modeled by a mixture of two GEV distributions whose components correspond to the summer and winter subpopulations. The nonlinear discriminant function allowed to confirm the assumption of mixture model.The proposed model is then used to determine probabilities of exceedance and return periods associated with extreme flows, which are of fundamental importance for hydraulic projects. The results show significant differences when a mixture model is used and therefore an approach more coherent with the observed data.
14
artículo
Peruvian Pacific drainage catchments only benefit from 2% of the total national available freshwater while they concentrate almost 50% of the population of the country. This situation is likely to lead a severe water scarcity and also constitutes an obstacle to economic development. Catchment runoff fluctuations in response to climate variability and/or human activities can be reflected in extreme events, representing a serious concern (like floods, erosion, droughts) in the study area. To document this crucial issue for Peru, we present here an insightful analysis of the water quantity resource variability of this region, exploring the links between this variability and climate and/or anthropogenic pressure. We first present a detailed analysis of the hydroclimatologic variability at annual timescale and at basin scale over the 1970–2008 period. In addition to corroborating the influe...
15
artículo
Publicado 2021
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A set of instruments to measure several physical, microphysical, and radiative properties of the atmosphere and clouds are essential to identify, understand and, subsequently, forecast and prevent the effects of extreme meteorological events, such as severe rainfall, hailstorms, frost events and high pollution events, that can occur with some regularity in the central Andes of Peru. However, like many other Latin American countries, Peru lacks an adequate network of meteorological stations to identify and analyze extreme meteorological events. To partially remedy this deficiency, the Geophysical Institute of Peru has installed a set of specialized sensors (LAMAR) on the Huancayo observatory (12.04◦ S, 75.32◦ W, 3350 m ASL), located in the Mantaro river basin, which is a part of the central Andes of Peru, especially in agricultural areas. LAMAR consists of a set of sensors that are us...
16
objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2015
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Active transpressive deformation has been occurring along the Andean hyperarid forearc for the last 3 Myrs but many of these faults are still not described even if able to produce large damaging earthquakes. Active faulting along the northern part of the Arica Bend can be recognized due to the presence of well-preserved and sharp fault scarps indicating recent surface slip. During the Mio-Pliocene, deposition within the forearc continental basins resulted in the formation of vast fan deposits and conglomerates of the Moquegua Formation, which can be considered as bedrock in this exposure study (~45-4 Ma; Tosdal et al., 1984; Sebrier et al., 1988a; Roperch et al., 2006). The typical vertical Purgatorio fault scarps offset both the Moquegua bedrock and several younger geomorphic features associated with <300kyrs climatic and 400 years old volcanic extreme events. This study focus on quanti...
17
artículo
Publicado 2019
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La subcuenca Cumbaza cuenta con la mayor cantidad de áreas boscosas (bosques primarios) deforestadas, lo que ha generado el incremento de la erosión hídrica en los suelos. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer la erosión hídrica en función de las lluvias máximas para diferentes tiempos de retorno mediante el Modelo de la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelos y el modelamiento de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), a fin de proponer medidas de conservación de suelos. Se realizó una investigación empírica de diseño no experimental, para lo cual se evaluaron las lluvias máximas en 24 horas mediante la regional- ización hidrológica utilizando el método Gumbel Tipo I para conocer la distribución de las lluvias en Cumbaza. Luego se evaluaron cartográfi- camente las trece (13) áreas de vulnerabilidad erosiva usando el mod- elamiento SIG realiza...
18
artículo
Publicado 2008
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El estudio del clima es imprescindible para explicar la geodinámica externa en la vertiente del Pacífico de los Andes Centrales, entre 15°S y 19°S), debido a que los procesos mediante los cuales se desarrolla el modelado del relieve o morfogénesis están controlados por las variables termo-pluviométricas y la fito-estabilización. Además, la geodinámica interna de la región se encuentra igualmente relacionada con las condiciones climáticas, que determinan la cuantía del aporte de sedimentos a la fosa oceánica (Kulm et al. 1977), afectando a la tasa de erosión por subducción en el plano de contacto entre las placas y a la composición de los magazas que se forman bajo el erógeno andino. En esta ponencia se analizan los efectos del clima en la geodinámica externa, en un marco teórico en el que se considera que un sistema morfoclimático es un conjunto integrado por los age...
19
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Entre los años 2001 al 2006, se evaluaron plantaciones demostrativas de bolaina blanca (Guazuma crinita Mart.) en tres sectores de la cuenca del rı́o Aguaytı́a que tenı́an como uso anterior un cultivo de yuca, purma de 3 años y cultivo de maı́z en los sectores 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente. Utilizando modelos de predicción de volumen y biomasa en función a la edad de la plantación se determinó la viabilidad técnica‑económica de plantaciones a los seis años de edad en un escenario de venta de tablillas, tucos y cantoneras (bienes) y captura de CO2eq (servicios) actualizados al año 2022 con una TEA del 22%. Tuvieron un valor actual neto (VAN), tasa interna de retorno (TIR) y relación beneficio/costo (B/C), de S/. 8408,67; 60,9% y 1,58 para el sector 3; S/.967,23; 26,5% y 1,07 para el sector 2 y S/. ‑7 945,28; 0,0% y 0,14 para el sector 1, los mismos que estuvie...
20
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Between 2001 and 2006, demostrative plantations of bolaina blanca (Gauzuma crinita Mart.) were evaluated in three sectors of the Aguaytı́a river basin that had as previous use cassava crop, 3‑year purma and corn crop in sectors 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Using predictive models of volume and biomass in function of the plantation age, we determined the technical‑economic viability of plantations in a six‑years‑old scenario of sale of slats, tucos and cantoneras (goods) and capture of CO2eq (services) updated to the year 2022 with anannual effective rate of return of 22%. They had a net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit/cost ratio (B/C) of S/. 8 408,67; 60,9% and 1,58 for sector 3; S/. 967,23; 26,5% and 1,07 for sector 2; and S/. ‑7945,28; 0,0% and 0,14 for sector 1, which were mainly influenced by income generated by the sale of wood chips and ...
