1
objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2016
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En: 13th International Symposium on River Sediments, ISRS, At Stuttgart (Allemagne), September 2016.
2
artículo
Publicado 2014
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Unprecedented wet conditions are reported in the 2014 summer (December–March) in Southwestern Amazon, with rainfall about 100% above normal. Discharge in the Madeira River (the main southern Amazon tributary) has been 74% higher than normal (58 000 m³ s⁻¹) at Porto Velho and 380% (25 000 m³ s⁻¹) at Rurrenabaque, at the exit of the Andes in summer, while levels of the Rio Negro at Manaus were 29.47 m in June 2014, corresponding to the fifth highest record during the 113 years record of the Rio Negro. While previous floods in Amazonia have been related to La Niña and/or warmer than normal tropical South Atlantic, the 2014 rainfall and flood anomalies are associated with warm condition in the western Pacific-Indian Ocean and with an exceptionally warm Subtropical South Atlantic. Our results suggest that the tropical and subtropical South Atlantic SST gradient is a main driver for...
3
artículo
Publicado 2017
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Large hydrological systems aggregate compositionally different waters derived from a variety of pathways. In the case of continental‐scale rivers, such aggregation occurs noticeably at confluences between tributaries. Here we explore how such aggregation can affect solute concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships and thus obscure the message carried by these relationships in terms of weathering properties of the Critical Zone. We build up a simple model for tributary mixing to predict the behavior of C‐Q relationships during aggregation. We test a set of predictions made in the context of the largest world's river, the Amazon. In particular, we predict that the C‐Q relationships of the rivers draining heterogeneous catchments should be the most “dilutional” and should display the widest hysteresis loops. To check these predictions, we compute 10 day‐periodicity time ser...
4
artículo
Publicado 2012
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In this work we document and analyze the hydrological annual cycles characterized by a rapid transition between low and high flows in the Amazonas River (Peruvian Amazon) and we show how these events, which may impact vulnerable riverside residents, are related to regional climate variability. Our analysis is based on comprehensive discharge, rainfall and average suspended sediment data sets. Particular attention is paid to the 2010–11 hydrological year, when an unprecedented abrupt transition from the extreme September 2010 drought (8300 m³ s⁻¹) to one of the four highest discharges in April 2011 (49 500 m³ s⁻¹) was recorded at Tamshiyacu (Amazonas River). This unusual transition is also observed in average suspended sediments. Years with a rapid increase in discharge are characterized by negative sea surface temperature anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific during aus...
5
artículo
Publicado 2018
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In Ecuador and Peru, geochemical information from Pacific coastal rivers is limited and scarce. Here, we present an unedited database of major element concentrations from five HYBAM observatory stations monitored monthly between 4 and 10 years, and the discrete sampling of 23 Andean rivers distributed along the climate gradient of the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Pacific coasts. Concentration (C) vs. discharge (Q) relationships of the five monitored basins exhibit a clear dilution behavior for evaporites and/or pyrite solutes, while the solute concentrations delivered by other endmembers are less variable. Spatially, the annual specific fluxes for total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca²⁺, HCO₃, K+, Mg²⁺, and SiO₂ are controlled on the first order by runoff variability, while Cl, Na⁺ and SO₄² are controlled by the occurrence of evaporites and/or pyrite. The entire Pacific basin in Ecu...
6
artículo
Publicado 2015
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Formation of mountain ranges results from complex coupling between lithospheric deformation, mechanisms linked to subduction and surface processes: weathering, erosion, and climate. Today, erosion of the eastern Andean cordillera and sub-Andean foothills supplies over 99% of the sediment load passing through the Amazon Basin. Denudation rates in the upper Ucayali basin are rapid, favoured by a marked seasonality in this region and extreme precipitation cells above sedimentary strata, uplifted during Neogene times by a still active sub-Andean tectonic thrust. Around 40% of those sediments are trapped in the Ucayali retro-foreland basin system. Recent advances in remote sensing for Amazonian large rivers now allow us to complete the ground hydrological data. In this work, we propose a first estimation of the erosion and sedimentation budget of the Ucayali River catchment, based on spatial ...
7
documento de trabajo
Publicado 2020
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La vida en la región amazónica está principalmente relacionada con la estacionalidad del régimen hidrológico fluvial. La riqueza de la biodiversidad y productividad de la llanura de inundación depende de los nutrientes y la materia orgánica que son transportados por los ríos en los sedimentos en suspensión, desde los Andes hacia el océano Atlántico. Sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre la influencia de la variabilidad hidrológica y pluvial en los flujos sedimentarios. Para abordar esta brecha, analizamos 3069 muestras superficiales de agua y sedimentos recolectadas en el centro del río, cada 10 días durante el período 1995-2014, en 6 estaciones ubicadas en el río Amazonas y sus tributarios. Este análisis se ha realizado haciendo una distinción del tamaño de las partículas, sedimentos finos (arcilla y limo) y sedimentos gruesos (arena). Considerando esta distinción, se e...
8
artículo
Publicado 2012
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of the ORCHIDEE land surface model to simulate streamflows over each sub-basin of the Amazon River basin. For this purpose, simulations are performed with a routing module including the influence of floodplains and swamps on river discharge and validated against on-site hydrological measurements collected within the HYBAM observatory over the 1980–2000 period. When forced by the NCC global meteorological dataset, the initial version of ORCHIDEE shows discrepancies with ORE HYBAM measurements with underestimation by 15 % of the annual mean streamflow at Obidos hydrological station. Consequently, several improvements are incrementally added to the initial simulation in order to reduce those discrepancies. First, values of NCC precipitation are substituted by ORE HYBAM daily in-situ rainfall observations from the meteorological services of ...
9
libro
Publicado 2014
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Se estima que para el año 2080 la temperatura en la región amazónica aumentará en 4°C, lo que tendrá implicancias directas en el equilibrio de sus ecosistemas. Teniendo en cuenta que el 50 por ciento de las precipitaciones en la Amazonía son producidas por convección, es decir, son provocadas por las transferencias de aire caliente y frío en la región, siendo en gran medida efecto de la autorregulación de una región dominada por extensas zonas de bosque húmedo, el problema del cambio climático, unido a los procesos progresivos de deforestación, se convierte en uno de los problemas más preocupantes para la región y el mundo. Sin duda alguna, esta capacidad de autorregulación ya se está viendo afectada. Hay que tener en cuenta que un 40 o 45 por ciento de deforestación en la Amazonía provocaría un desastre irreparable de implicancias mundiales. La presente publicació...
10
artículo
Publicado 2018
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El macizo kárstico del Alto Mayo (San Martin, Perú) tiene una red de drenaje desarrollada, activa y poco estudiada. El propósito de este estudio es determinar los caudales de las resurgencias y sus cuencas hidrográficas correspondientes. Los datos hidrológicos y pluviométricos utilizados provienen de los observatorios locales (ANA y SENAMHI) y del proyecto KarstAm. Los caudales medidos alcanzan hasta 24 m³/s en promedio para algunas resurgencias, situándolas entre las más grandes de Sur América. La poca variabilidad temporal del caudal de uno de los acuíferos (Río Negro) muestra un comportamiento atípico en relación a los acuíferos kársticos, pareciéndose más a un acuífero poroso. Los caudales específicos de las cuencas topográficas son superiores a la tendencia regional, por lo que las cuencas hidrográficas han sido recalculadas suponiendo la presencia de captació...
11
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Karst aquifers provide drinking water for 10% of the world’s population, support agriculture, groundwater-dependent activities, and ecosystems. These aquifers are characterised by complex groundwater-flow systems, hence, they are extremely vulnerable and protecting them requires an in-depth understanding of the systems. Poor data accessibility has limited advances in karst research and realistic representation of karst processes in large-scale hydrological studies. In this study, we present World Karst Spring hydrograph (WoKaS) database, a community-wide effort to improve data accessibility. WoKaS is the first global karst springs discharge database with over 400 spring observations collected from articles, hydrological databases and researchers. The dataset’s coverage compares to the global distribution of carbonate rocks with some bias towards the latitudes of more developed countr...
12
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Karst aquifers provide drinking water for 10% of the world’s population, support agriculture, groundwater-dependent activities, and ecosystems. These aquifers are characterised by complex groundwater-flow systems, hence, they are extremely vulnerable and protecting them requires an in-depth understanding of the systems. Poor data accessibility has limited advances in karst research and realistic representation of karst processes in large-scale hydrological studies. In this study, we present World Karst Spring hydrograph (WoKaS) database, a community-wide effort to improve data accessibility. WoKaS is the first global karst springs discharge database with over 400 spring observations collected from articles, hydrological databases and researchers. The dataset’s coverage compares to the global distribution of carbonate rocks with some bias towards the latitudes of more developed countr...
