Se recolectaron datos de reflectancia de las zonas de Piura, Áncash e Ica, desde el 7 de junio hasta el 22 de setiembre 2019. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de los datos recolectados con datos del satélite Sentinel-2, obteniéndose baja correlación debido a factores tales como la geometría de adquisición, la diferencia temporal entre otros. Se realizó una clasificación supervisada a un mosaico compuesto por imágenes del satélite Sentinel-2 desde la zona de Tumbes hasta Tacna para identificar posibles áreas contaminadas por colectores residuales, reconociendo un colector que se encuentra a 50 metros de profundidad y que genera una pluma de hasta 3 km en la superficie frente a Chorrillos y a 2 km de la costa.

El proyecto MoSARD, es una iniciativa de los doctores Sergio Morera, Elisa Armijos y Raúl Espinoza, investigadores científicos de la Subdirección de Ciencias de la Atmósfera e Hidrósfera del Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), que tiene como objetivo continuar con estudios que contribuyan con el entendimiento de los procesos de transporte y la dinámica del ciclo de sedimentos ya sea en laderas o sistemas hídricos. Generando información inédita, así como estudios técnico-científicos que faciliten la gestión-mitigación de las modificaciones abruptas en los ecosistemas Andinos, zonas de piedemonte, costero y la llanura amazónica. El proyecto está vinculado con instituciones gubernamentales, proyectos nacionales e internacionales, así como centros académicos; para en conjunto actuar de manera eficiente frente a la presencia de eventos de riesgos climáticos y/o geológico...

This work was supported by FONDECYT through the project: “Monitoreo de la dinámica de fenómenos ambientales y climáticos extremos en el Perú usando la teledetección por satélite”, funded by USAID through the PEER Project: “Strengthening resilience of Andean river basin headwaters facing global change” (PGA-084063) and “AGUA-ANDES: Ecological Infrastructure Strategies for Enhancing Water Sustainability in the Semi-Arid Andes” (PGA-174194), as well as by CONDESAN through the Project: “Investigación sobre una relación de dependencia entre la tasa de cambio de temperatura y la altitud”. JCE received partial support of the AMANECER project funded by the MOPGA program of the French Government. Additionally, we extend our gratitude to the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru (SENAMHI-Peru) for providing data used in this study. Finally, the authors are grat...

In this study, we used moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images to quantify the sedimentation processes in a cascade of six hydropower dams along a 700-km transect in the Paranapanema River in Brazil. Turbidity field measurement acquired over 10 years were used to calibrate a turbidity retrieval algorithm based on MODIS surface reflectance products. An independent field dataset was used to validate the remote sensing estimates showing fine accuracy (RMSE of 9.5 NTU, r = 0.75, N = 138). By processing 13 years of MODIS images since 2000, we showed that satellite data can provide robust turbidity monitoring over the entire transect and can identify extreme sediment discharge events occurring on daily to annual scales. We retrieved the decrease in the water turbidity as a function of distance within each reservoir that is related to sedimentation processes. The ...

In this work we document and analyze the hydrological annual cycles characterized by a rapid transition between low and high flows in the Amazonas River (Peruvian Amazon) and we show how these events, which may impact vulnerable riverside residents, are related to regional climate variability. Our analysis is based on comprehensive discharge, rainfall and average suspended sediment data sets. Particular attention is paid to the 2010–11 hydrological year, when an unprecedented abrupt transition from the extreme September 2010 drought (8300 m³ s⁻¹) to one of the four highest discharges in April 2011 (49 500 m³ s⁻¹) was recorded at Tamshiyacu (Amazonas River). This unusual transition is also observed in average suspended sediments. Years with a rapid increase in discharge are characterized by negative sea surface temperature anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific during aus...

Fluvial sediment dynamics plays a key role in the Amazonian environment, with most of the sediments originating in the Andes. The Madeira River, the second largest tributary of the Amazon River, contributes up to 50% of its sediment discharge to the Atlantic Ocean, most of it provided by the Andean part of the Madeira basin, in particular the Beni River. In this study, we assessed the rainfall (R)-surface suspended sediment concentration (SSSC) and discharge (Q)-SSSC relationship at the Rurrenabaque station (200 m a.s.l.) in the Beni Andean piedmont (Bolivia). We started by showing how the R and Q relationship varies throughout the hydrological year (September to August), describing a counter-clockwise hysteresis, and went on to evaluate the R–SSSC and Q–SSSC relationships. Although no marked hysteresis is observed in the first case, a clockwise hysteresis is described in the second....

The Madeira River is the second largest Amazon tributary, contributing up to 50% of the Amazon River’s sediment load. The Madeira has significant hydropower potential, which has started to be used by the Madeira Hydroelectric Complex (MHC), with two large dams along the middle stretch of the river. In this study, fine suspended sediment concentration (FSC) data were assessed downstream of the MHC at the Porto Velho gauging station and at the outlet of each tributary (Beni and Mamoré Rivers, upstream from the MHC), from 2003 to 2017. When comparing the pre-MHC (2003–2008) and post-MHC (2015–2017) periods, a 36% decrease in FSC was observed in the Beni River during the peak months of sediment load (December–March). At Porto Velho, a reduction of 30% was found, which responds to the Upper Madeira Basin and hydroelectric regulation. Concerning water discharge, no significant change ...

Formation of mountain ranges results from complex coupling between lithospheric deformation, mechanisms linked to subduction and surface processes: weathering, erosion, and climate. Today, erosion of the eastern Andean cordillera and sub-Andean foothills supplies over 99% of the sediment load passing through the Amazon Basin. Denudation rates in the upper Ucayali basin are rapid, favoured by a marked seasonality in this region and extreme precipitation cells above sedimentary strata, uplifted during Neogene times by a still active sub-Andean tectonic thrust. Around 40% of those sediments are trapped in the Ucayali retro-foreland basin system. Recent advances in remote sensing for Amazonian large rivers now allow us to complete the ground hydrological data. In this work, we propose a first estimation of the erosion and sedimentation budget of the Ucayali River catchment, based on spatial ...

La vida en la región amazónica está principalmente relacionada con la estacionalidad del régimen hidrológico fluvial. La riqueza de la biodiversidad y productividad de la llanura de inundación depende de los nutrientes y la materia orgánica que son transportados por los ríos en los sedimentos en suspensión, desde los Andes hacia el océano Atlántico. Sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre la influencia de la variabilidad hidrológica y pluvial en los flujos sedimentarios. Para abordar esta brecha, analizamos 3069 muestras superficiales de agua y sedimentos recolectadas en el centro del río, cada 10 días durante el período 1995-2014, en 6 estaciones ubicadas en el río Amazonas y sus tributarios. Este análisis se ha realizado haciendo una distinción del tamaño de las partículas, sedimentos finos (arcilla y limo) y sedimentos gruesos (arena). Considerando esta distinción, se e...