In this research, we will focus on analyzing the influence of the rains on mining companies in the district of San Marcos in the department of Ancash, Peru. To do in this investigation, a stability analysis of slopes with limit equilibrium methods, being the Janbú the one selected for said study. On the other hand, it calculated the probability of failure of the slopes using methods probabilistic such as Monte Carlo. Such studies mentioned were applied with the help of the Slide software.

Aim: This retrospective study determined features associated with brain metastasis (BM) in women with breast cancer. Patients & methods: A total of 215 initially early breast cancer cases were included. We reviewed files and CT scan images of BM. Results: Median age was 47 years and most of our cases were stage III (58.6%), grade III (62.8%), ER negative (62.3%) and nonluminal (59.1%). Median survival after BM was 4 months. Nonluminal, extracranial disease, time to CNS shorter than 15 months, >three brain lesions and poor breast-graded prognostic assessment and recursive partitioning analysis scores were associated with shorter survival. Adding extracranial disease to breast-graded prognostic assessment score also predicted survival after BM. Radiation response was assessed in 57 patients and response tended to be associated with nonluminal phenotype but not with survival. Conclusion: Fa...

Purpose: This phase I study was performed to determine the safety profile, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and biological activity of lonafarnib (SCH 66336). Single-dose and multi-dose pharmacokinetics were conducted. Methods: Twenty-one patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled. Each patient received single-dose administration on day 1, cycle 1 then switched to a twice daily (BID) dosing regimen on days 2-14 of a 28-day cycle; subsequent cycles continued BID dosing on days 1-14. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was assessed during the cycle one; toxicity evaluation was closely monitored throughout the treatment. Radiographic scans were completed to assess tumor response. Blood and urine pharmacokinetics were evaluated on days 1 and 14 in cycle 1. SCH 66336- induced farnesylation inhibition was assessed via conversion of prelamin A to lamin in buccal mucosa. Results: DLT and most common...

AIM:To investigate clinicopathological features and biomarkers of BC tumors in males and their prognostic value in Peruvian population. METHODS: This study looked at a single-institution series of 54 Peruvian males with invasive BC who were diagnosed from Jan 2004 to June 2018. Standard pathological features, TIL levels, MMR proteins, AR immunohistochemistry staining, and PIK3CA gene mutations were prospectively evaluated in cases with available paraffin material. Percentage of AR and estrogen receptor (ER) positive cells was additionally calculated by software after slide scanning. Statistical analyses included association tests, intraclass correlation test and Kaplan Meier overall survival curves. RESULTS: The median age was 63 years and most cases were ER-positive (85.7%), HER2 negative (87.2%), Luminal-A phenotype (60%) and clinical stage II (41.5%) among our male breast tumors. Medi...

Around 2% of early breast cancer cases treated with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) underwent axillary recurrence (AR) and it has a deleterious effect in prognosis. Different scenarios have incorporated Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) Biopsy (SLNB) instead of ALND as part of the standard treatment and more effective systemic treatment has also been incorporated in routine management after first curative surgery and after regional recurrence. However, there is concern about the effect of SLNB alone over AR risk and how to predict and treat AR. SLN biopsy (SLNB) has been largely accepted as a valid option for SLN-negative cases, and recent prospective studies have demonstrated that it is also safe for some SLN-positive cases and both scenarios carry low AR rates. Different studies have identified clinicopathological factors related to aggressiveness as well as high-risk molecular signature...

Purpose: Mammography is the cornerstone of breast cancer (BC) evaluation. This report investigates whether breast density (BD) and mammographic features of the tumor can provide information on both BC susceptibility to chemotherapy and other clinicopathologic features of locally advanced BC (LA BC). Materials and methods: We evaluated mammography films and clinicopathological information of patients with LA BC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by tumor resection at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) from 2000 to 2011. Results: We selected 494 LA BC cases. Most cases were at clinical tumor stage 4 (48.5%), node stage 1 (58.8%) and had high histologic grade (53.3%). BI-RADS 1, 2, 3, and 4 BD were found in 16.9%, 22%, 35.7% and 25.1% of patients, respectively. High BD has been associated with younger age (p < 0.001), obesity (p = 0.017) and no skin...

Purpose: Helicobacter pylori (HP) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infections induce chronic gastritis (CG) and are accepted carcinogenics of gastric cancer (GC). Our objective for this study was to determine the prevalence of these agents and clinicopathological features of GC and CG associated with the infection. Patients and methods: A single-center cohort of 375 Peruvian patients with GC and 165 control subjects with CG were analyzed. Evaluation of HP and EBV genes was performed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Prevalence of HP was 62.9% in the whole population and 60.8% in the GC subset. The cagA gene was detected in 79.9%; vacAs1 and vacAm1 alleles in 41.6% and 60.7%, respectively; and concurrent expression of vacAs1 and vacAm1 in 30.4% of infected patients in the whole series. The prevalence of EBV was 14.1% in the whole population and was higher in GC (P < .00...

AIM To investigate the survival impact of clinicopathological factors, including pathological complete response (pCR) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) levels according to subtypes, in breast cancer (BC) patients who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS We evaluated 435 BC patients who presented and received NAC at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas from 2003 to 2014. sTIL was analyzed as the proportion of tumor stroma occupied by lymphocytes, and was prospectively evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the preNAC core biopsy. pCR was considered in the absence of infiltrating cancer cells in primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes. Analysis of statistical association between clinical pathological features, sTIL, pCR and survival were carried out using SPSSvs19. RESULTS Median age was 49 years (range 24-84 years) and the most frequent cl...

Aim: Evaluation of features related to infiltrating immune cell level in glioblastoma. Methods: Tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) through H&E staining, and TILs (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20) and macrophage (CD68 and CD163) levels through immunohistochemistry were evaluated through digital analysis. Results: CD68 (9.1%), CD163 (2.2%), CD3 (1.6%) and CD8 (1.6%) had the highest density. Higher CD4 + was as- sociated with unmethylated MGMT (p = 0.016). Higher CD8 + was associated with larger tumoral size (p = 0.027). Higher CD163 + was associated with higher age (p = 0.044) and recursive partitioning anal- ysis = 4. Women (p < 0.05), total resection (p < 0.05), MGMT-methylation (p < 0.001), radiotherapy (p < 0.001), chemotherapy (p < 0.001) and lower CD4 + (p < 0.05) were associated with longer overall survival. Conclusion: Macrophages are more frequent than TILs. Some subsets are associated...

Purpose: O6 -methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation predicts the outcome and response to alkylating chemotherapy in glioblastoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of MGMT methylation in Peruvian glioblastoma cases. Patients and methods: We evaluated retrospectively 50 cases of resected glioblastoma during the period 2008–2013 at Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas in Peru. Samples consisted of paraffin embedded and frozen tumour tissue. MGMT-promoter methylation status and the expression level of MGMT gene were evaluated by methylation-specific PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. Results: Unmethylated, methylated and partially methylated statuses were found in 54%, 20% and 26% of paraffin-embedded samples, respectively. Methylation status was confirmed in the Virgen de la Salud Hospital and frozen samples. There was an associati...

Las estrategias de lectura para desarrollar las habilidades comunicativas en los niños y niñas del 6o grado de Educación Primaria de la I.E. N° 10022 “MIGUEL MURO ZAPATA” de Chiclayo 2015, surge como respuesta a la problemática encontrada en esta institución, en donde se evidencia un deficiente desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas manifestándose en los niños y niñas en el limitado vocabulario, uso de expresiones coloquiales (muletillas, repeticiones innecesarias, vacíos en el habla), no planifican un discurso, utilizan un mismo ritmo y entonación de voz, muestran timidez al participar en una conversación y no entienden la intención y el propósito comunicativo. Ante este problema, después de una autorreflexión crítica, vemos la necesidad de superar estas dificultades considerando que la competencia oral es, pues, un factor de integración social de los seres hu...

En la presente investigación se utilizó material reciclado procedente del corte de pavimento rígido para su uso en construcciones; el estudio se realizó el año 2022, se empleó 75 probetas para pruebas de compresión axial, la metodología fue de un diseño experimental, con un enfoque cuantitativo. Se encontró que las resistencias alcanzadas por porcentajes de sustitución de 25%, 45%, 65% y 100% respecto a la muestra estándar, son variables debido a los porcentajes, por otro lado, se observa que los porcentajes de sustitución de 25% y 45% cumplen con la NTP, por lo que la sustitución de este tipo de agregados en el concreto es utilizable hasta indicar el número exacto. En la revisión, un sustancial con una sustitución de total regular por AMR hasta el 25%, 45% tiene una resistencia de 218,21 kg/cm2, y 215,84 kg/cm2 siendo superior a la norma establecida de 210 kg/cm2, sin e...

Molecular analysis of human biological material allows the identification of future biomarkers to improve the management of patients with cancer. However, the handling of these samples requires particular ethical considerations. Different organizations such as the European Council and government agencies of the United States have generated different documents with definitions, mechanisms, and regulations to avoid putting at risk of harm or violating the rights of donors of biological samples. Finally, all these documents have evolved over time and have allowed research institutions to have standard committees and regulations in ethics. Thus, legal institutions can create precedents and generate coherent sentences.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) evaluates cellular components of cancer cells in plasma. Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent one. Studying ctDNA is a non-invasive method to assess BC. Patients with BC have higher levels of ctDNA than those without. High ctDNA levels are more frequent in patients with metastatic disease with high tumor burden and with more aggressive disease, such as those with triple-negative phenotype and HER2+. ctDNA allows the selection of target treatment for metastatic disease. Elimination of ctDNA during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early BC is associated with higher complete response rates and longer survival and also predicts relapses well in advance.

La finalidad de la investigación es el uso del enfoque crítico reflexivo en el asesoramiento pedagógico en el área de matemática de la Institución Educativa César Vallejo del distrito de San Pedro de Chunán-Jauja. Se tomó como población al 100% de docentes de la Institución, aplicando en ellos la técnica de la encuesta con el uso de lista de cotejo. Con este trabajo pretendemos lograr que los docentes de matemática estén capacitados y sobre todo convencidos de aplicar estrategias novedosas en su práctica docente y de esta manera superar los logros de aprendizaje en esta área fundamental del plan curricular escolar, logrando que los estudiantes construyan capacidades matemáticas que les sirva para la vida. Como referentes teóricos tenemos a la publicación del MINEDU: Enfoque Crítico Reflexivo para una Nueva Docencia (2017) y “Enfoques crítico y reflexivo” (Romero ...

La finalidad de la investigación es el uso del enfoque crítico reflexivo en el asesoramiento pedagógico en el área de matemática de la Institución Educativa César Vallejo del distrito de San Pedro de Chunán-Jauja. Se tomó como población al 100% de docentes de la Institución, aplicando en ellos la técnica de la encuesta con el uso de lista de cotejo. Con este trabajo pretendemos lograr que los docentes de matemática estén capacitados y sobre todo convencidos de aplicar estrategias novedosas en su práctica docente y de esta manera superar los logros de aprendizaje en esta área fundamental del plan curricular escolar, logrando que los estudiantes construyan capacidades matemáticas que les sirva para la vida. Como referentes teóricos tenemos a la publicación del MINEDU: Enfoque Crítico Reflexivo para una Nueva Docencia (2017) y “Enfoques crítico y reflexivo” (Romero ...

El presente trabajo de investigación está orientado al COMPORTAMIENTO Y CARACTERIZACION AGROBOTANICA DE 150 ENTRADAS DE PAPAS NATIVAS (Solanum spp.) EN EL SECTOR DE PAYQOPAMPA, K’AYRA - CUSCO, propiedad de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco. Se tomaron en consideración los siguientes objetivos: • Caracterizar morfológicamente las 150 entradas de papas nativas: forma y color de la hoja, forma y color de la flor, forma y color del tubérculo, forma y color de la baya. • Evaluar los parámetros agronómicos de 150 entradas de papas nativas, como: emergencia, inicio y final de floración, inicio y final de formación de bayas. Tuberización, cosecha. En el presente trabajo de investigación se instaló una parcela experimental con 150 entradas de papas nativas provenientes del Centro regional de investigación en biodiversidad Andina (CRIBA-UNSAAC) en convenio co...

RESUMEN La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el nivel de riesgo en los hospitales de Cajabamba, Chota y Celendín. Que mediante la ayuda de documentación técnica, estadísticas y mapas se realizó la inspección en cada uno de los hospitales, para luego proceder a la identificación de peligros existentes dentro y en el entorno de cada hospital, luego se realizó la evaluación de los factores condicionantes y desencadenantes ante la presencia de un fenómeno de origen natural, obteniendo así el nivel de la susceptibilidad que tiene cada hospital. Luego se determinó el nivel de peligro el cual está dado por el producto de la susceptibilidad y que tan perturbador es el fenómeno. Luego de obtener el nivel de peligro se realizó la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad, haciéndose una evaluación social, económica y ambiental de cada uno de los hospitales en estudio,...

El desarrollo de la reciente tesis, propone una solución para el problema actual para elogiar la demanda primordial de agua potable y a su vez un apropiado sistema de red de alcantarillado del sector San Juan, para los siguientes 20 años. Hoy en día la localidad pertenece al Distrito de Paiján, Provincia de Ascope, Región La Libertad. Se obtuvo el levantamiento topográfico y estudio de mecánica de suelos mediante un expediente técnico y se efectuó un estudio de calidad de agua para confirmar que es apta para el consumo humano. El suministro de agua empieza su acción en una captación de agua subterránea, a través un pozo tubular, posteriormente es conducida por medio de una tubería de impulsión a un reservorio de 95m3, más adelante suministrada por gravedad a las redes de distribución para los domicilios. Además, contara con un sistema de recopilación de aguas servidas ...

Esta investigación tiene como propósito determinar la relación entre las estrategias metacognitivas y el desarrollo de las competencias matemáticas en el centro preuniversitario de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. Ceprevi, Lima 2019. El enfoque es cuantitativo, con estudio de tipo básico, correlacional causal y no experimental. Asimismo, para medir las dos variables: Estrategias metacognitivas y desarrollo de competencias matemáticas se trabajó con una muestra empírica intencionada de 50 estudiantes de la Ceprevi Unfv, Lima 2019 ,y se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta, con un cuestionario de medición tipo Likert para la variable estrategias metacognitivas, el mismo que se aplicaron después de haber sido sometido al proceso de validez de contenido y una prueba piloto, donde la confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,831 para la variable estrategias metacognitivas. ...