Los estudios iniciados por el filósofo John Locke sostienen que la cultura es fundamentalmente inconsciente. Es incontrovertible que el comportamiento es totalmente aprendido; biológica o genéticamente heredamos solamente potencialidades, facultades, predisposiciones, etc., pero que no son determinantes en nuestra conducta.Por analogía con la tesis del psicólogo Karl Gustav Young sobre los arquetipos del inconsciente colectivo, la cultura es también inconsciente. Sus pautas o normas se internalizan con el proceso de culturización y se reflejan en “áreas culturales”, en la “transculturación” y “adaptación cultural”, que implican abandono gradual de los propios sistemas de valores y creencias y la adquisición de otros nuevos, a los que tratamos de adaptarnos.En países multiétnicos como el nuestro, los procesos migratorios, principalmente del ande a las ciudades, pr...

Purpose: Helicobacter pylori (HP) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infections induce chronic gastritis (CG) and are accepted carcinogenics of gastric cancer (GC). Our objective for this study was to determine the prevalence of these agents and clinicopathological features of GC and CG associated with the infection. Patients and methods: A single-center cohort of 375 Peruvian patients with GC and 165 control subjects with CG were analyzed. Evaluation of HP and EBV genes was performed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Prevalence of HP was 62.9% in the whole population and 60.8% in the GC subset. The cagA gene was detected in 79.9%; vacAs1 and vacAm1 alleles in 41.6% and 60.7%, respectively; and concurrent expression of vacAs1 and vacAm1 in 30.4% of infected patients in the whole series. The prevalence of EBV was 14.1% in the whole population and was higher in GC (P < .00...

PURPOSE Helicobacter pylori (HP) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infections induce chronic gastritis (CG) and are accepted carcinogenics of gastric cancer (GC). Our objective for this study was to determine the prevalence of these agents and clinicopathological features of GC and CG associated with the infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-center cohort of 375 Peruvian patients with GC and 165 control subjects with CG were analyzed. Evaluation of HP and EBV genes was performed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Prevalence of HP was 62.9% in the whole population and 60.8% in the GC subset. The cagA gene was detected in 79.9%; vacAs1 and vacAm1 alleles in 41.6% and 60.7%, respectively; and concurrent expression of vacAs1 and vacAm1 in 30.4% of infected patients in the whole series. The prevalence of EBV was 14.1% in the whole population and was higher in GC (P , .001)....