The complex Au(tht)Br (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) was obtained by reaction of HAuBr4 and tht. This complex was characterized by 1H-RMN, FT-IR and elemental analysis. The stability of this complex is not very good and is degraded very fast by light.

The presence of bovine tuberculosis was determined in 503 cattle older than four weeks from Canta province, Lima by the tuberculin skin test (PPD). Lecture of the test was performed 72 hours after intradermal injection. Eleven out of 503 animals (2.2%) were positive to cutaneous tuberculin stimuli. These results were analyzed by the risk evaluation technique using Monte Carlo simulation (@ Risk Program) and the probability of finding the infection in cattle from Canta province resulted greater than 1% and less than 3.2%.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and parasite load of Fasciolahepatica in llamas and alpacas of 12-48 months of age in the districts of Masma Chiccheand Llocllapampa, Jauja, Peru, and to determine the association between the prevalenceof F. hepatica with sex and age. Two hundred fecal samples were collected from llamas (n= 97) and alpacas (n= 103) in October 2011. The samples were analyzed by thespontaneous sedimentation technique and the parasite load by the modified McMastermethod. The prevalence of F. hepatica in llamas was 49.5% and in alpacas was 73.8%without statistical differences due to sex and age. The parasite load was 12.6 and 19.9eggs per gram of faeces (epg) in llamas and alpacas respectively.

Statistical clinical study of 58 cases of gestational trophoblastic disease that occurred in 30.747 births and 6,506 abortions in the Maternity Hospital of Lima during 1983 was made. Clinically without histopathological confirmation, retrospective diagnosis of invasive mole was made in 14 cases. We show that the incidence of hydatidiform mole and invasive mole is high in our country. The clinical picture of invasive mole is equal to the common mola, however, the symptoms may be more spectacular, which requires additional treatments, as a second curettage, hysterectomy or the use of chemotherapy. There is persistent high rates or chorionic gonadotropin trophoblastic activity and marked with signs of severe atypical of varying degree.

La presencia de tuberculosis bovina fue determinada en 503 bovinos mayores de 4 semanas de edad en la provincia de Canta, departamento de Lima, con la prueba de tuberculina (PPD). La lectura de la prueba fue realizada 72 horas después de la inyección intradérmica. Once de 503 bovinos (2.2%) fueron reactores positivos a la prueba de tuberculina. Estos resultados fueron analizados por la técnica de evaluación de riesgos por simulación Monte Carlo (programa @Risk) indicando que la probabilidad de encontrar un animal infectado en los bovinos de la provincia de Canta; Lima, es mayor al 1% y menor al 3.2%.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and parasite load of Fasciolahepatica in llamas and alpacas of 12-48 months of age in the districts of Masma Chiccheand Llocllapampa, Jauja, Peru, and to determine the association between the prevalenceof F. hepatica with sex and age. Two hundred fecal samples were collected from llamas (n= 97) and alpacas (n= 103) in October 2011. The samples were analyzed by thespontaneous sedimentation technique and the parasite load by the modified McMastermethod. The prevalence of F. hepatica in llamas was 49.5% and in alpacas was 73.8%without statistical differences due to sex and age. The parasite load was 12.6 and 19.9eggs per gram of faeces (epg) in llamas and alpacas respectively.

El complejo Au(tht)Br (tht = tetrahidrotiofeno) ha sido obtenido por reacción del AuHBr4 y el tht. Este complejo ha sido caracterizado por 1H-RMN, FT-IR y análisis elemental. La estabilidad del complejo no es muy buena y se degrada rápidamente por acción de la luz.

Objective: To determine the association between perceived discrimination and receiving adequate treatment for chronic diseases in Venezuelan migrants. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed. This is a secondary analysis of the ENPOVE national survey from Peru. The association between the perceived discrimination and receiving adequate treatment for chronic diseases was evaluated using a Poisson regression model, considering the adjusted effect of the multistage sampling. Results: A total of 865 migrants were evaluated (age: 36.6 ± 0.7 years and 58.2% women). Of these, 54.8% perceived discrimination, and 89.2% did not receive adequate treatment for chronic diseases. Perceived discrimination was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of receiving adequate treatment for chronic diseases (PRa = 0.49; 95%CI 0.25 – 0.97). Conclusion: This study evidenced that perceived...

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre la presencia de lesiones de caries a través del Método de ICDAS y el estado nutricional en niños pre-escolares de 2-4 años de Ayacucho 2011. Se ejecutó un estudio de corte transversal, con 162 niños pre-escolares, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio, divididos en 3 grupos: bajopeso, normopeso y sobrepeso. La recolección de datos fue realizada previa calibración del examinador, para las estimaciones estadísticas se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 18.00 y se utilizó la prueba Chi cuadrado para determinar asociaciones. La presencia de lesiones de caries para el grupo etario de 4 años con bajo peso fue 55.6 %, normopeso fue 27.8 % y el de sobrepeso fue de 44.4 %, se encontró asociación entre la prevalencia de caries con bajopeso y sobrepeso en hombres (p=0.046) y en mujeres (p=0.043). Se concluye que existe asoci...

Statistical clinical study of 58 cases of gestational trophoblastic disease that occurred in 30.747 births and 6,506 abortions in the Maternity Hospital of Lima during 1983 was made. Clinically without histopathological confirmation, retrospective diagnosis of invasive mole was made in 14 cases. We show that the incidence of hydatidiform mole and invasive mole is high in our country. The clinical picture of invasive mole is equal to the common mola, however, the symptoms may be more spectacular, which requires additional treatments, as a second curettage, hysterectomy or the use of chemotherapy. There is persistent high rates or chorionic gonadotropin trophoblastic activity and marked with signs of severe atypical of varying degree.

Purpose: O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation predicts the outcome and response to alkylating chemotherapy in glioblastoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of MGMT methylation in Peruvian glioblastoma cases. Patients and methods: We evaluated retrospectively 50 cases of resected glioblastoma during the period 2008-2013 at Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas in Peru. Samples consisted of paraffin embedded and frozen tumour tissue. MGMT-promoter methylation status and the expression level of MGMT gene were evaluated by methylation-specific PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. Results: Unmethylated, methylated and partially methylated statuses were found in 54%, 20% and 26% of paraffin-embedded samples, respectively. Methylation status was confirmed in the Virgen de la Salud Hospital and frozen samples. There was an association be...

This article deals with research outline, comprising a whole of stages and activities allowing the planning and performing of a research, framed within the quantitative paradigm, also known as "empirical science".

This article deals with research outline, comprising a whole of stages and activities allowing the planning and performing of a research, framed within the quantitative paradigm, also known as "empirical science".

The results of research, we allow see, the speed of the cooling and warning considerate the difference of mass loaded and diseing of the equipment for to cool and to heat the camu camu mass. The dry product in each case have pink color, suitables aroma and flavor, good solubility, whit moisture less tan to 10 %. The difference of ascorbic acid contens in the fresh pulp and the dry samples is 22,75 mg, thus the most difference is 19,8 mg for the dry samples for 100 g of simple. The dry product characteristics would to used for to produce ice cream, nectar, extract, drink fortifies will permit the development zone agrarian

The results of research, we allow see, the speed of the cooling and warning considerate the difference of mass loaded and diseing of the equipment for to cool and to heat the camu camu mass. The dry product in each case have pink color, suitables aroma and flavor, good solubility, whit moisture less tan to 10 %. The difference of ascorbic acid contens in the fresh pulp and the dry samples is 22,75 mg, thus the most difference is 19,8 mg for the dry samples for 100 g of simple. The dry product characteristics would to used for to produce ice cream, nectar, extract, drink fortifies will permit the development zone agrarian

Aim: This retrospective study determined features associated with brain metastasis (BM) in women with breast cancer. Patients & methods: A total of 215 initially early breast cancer cases were included. We reviewed files and CT scan images of BM. Results: Median age was 47 years and most of our cases were stage III (58.6%), grade III (62.8%), ER negative (62.3%) and nonluminal (59.1%). Median survival after BM was 4 months. Nonluminal, extracranial disease, time to CNS shorter than 15 months, >three brain lesions and poor breast-graded prognostic assessment and recursive partitioning analysis scores were associated with shorter survival. Adding extracranial disease to breast-graded prognostic assessment score also predicted survival after BM. Radiation response was assessed in 57 patients and response tended to be associated with nonluminal phenotype but not with survival. Conclusion: Fa...

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer with limited options of targeted therapy. Recent findings suggest that the clinical course of TNBC may be modified by the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chemokine's expression, such as CCL5. Diverse studies have shown that CCL5 suppresses anti-tumor immunity and it has been related to poor outcome in different types of cancer while in other studies, this gene has been related with a better outcome. We sought to determine the association of CCL5 with the recruitment of TILs and other immune cells. With this aim we evaluated a retrospective cohort of 72 TNBC patients as well as publicly available datasets. TILs were correlated with residual tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and CCL5 expression. In univariate analysis, TILs and CCL5 were both associated to the distant recur...

Advances in high-throughput technologies and their involvement in the 'omics' of cancer have made possible the identification of hundreds of biomarkers and the development of predictive and prognostic platforms that model the management of cancer from evidence-based medicine to precision medicine. Latin America (LATAM) is a region characterised by fragmented healthcare, high rates of poverty and disparities to access to a basic standard of care not only for cancer but also for other complex diseases. Patients from the public setting cannot afford targeted therapy, the facilities offering genomic platforms are scarce and the use of high-precision radiotherapy is limited to few facilities. Despite the fact that LATAM oncologists are well-trained in the use of genomic platforms and constantly participate in genomic projects, a medical practice based in precision oncology is a great challeng...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the utility of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a biomarker for predicting early-mortality (<2 years) among females with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Methods: We reviewed 118 medical records of females with mTNBC. The cut-off value for the NLR (<2.5 and ≥2.5) was determined with receiver operating characteristic curves (area under the curve: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62-0.85). Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the Log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify the risk of mortality at two years. Moreover, we performed sensitivity analyses with different cut-off values and a subgroup analysis in females that only received chemotherapy. Results: The median follow-up was 24 months. Females with NLR ≥2.5 had a poor overall survival compared to females wit...

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly prevalent malignancy in Latin American women, most cases being diagnosed at locally advanced or metastatic stages when options for cancer care are limited. Despite its label as a public health problem in the region, Latin American BC patients face several barriers in accessing standard of care treatment when compared with patients from developed countries. In this review, we analyse the landscape of the four main identified barriers in the region: i) high burden of locally advanced/advanced BC; ii) inadequate access to medical resources; iii) deficient access to specialised cancer care and iv) insufficient BC research in Latin America. Unfortunately, these barriers represent the main factors associated with the BC poor outcomes seen in the region. Targeted actions should be conducted independently by each country and as a region to overcome these limitation...