The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma. gondii in wild animals of the orders Carnivora, Primates, Perissodactyla, Cetartiodactyla and Rodentia in the zoo of the Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas, Lima, Peru, as well as to identify the risk factors associated to toxoplasmosis, establishing the role in the transmission of the parasite of domestic felines (Felis silvestris f. catus) and rodents of the genus Rattus running free in the zoo. Blood samples were taken from 332 animals (Carnivora: 75, Primates: 71, Perissodactyla: 32, Cetartiodactyla: 134, Rodentia: 20); as well as in 41 domestic felines and 124 rodents of the genus Rattus. In addition, samples of brain, heart, liver and diaphragm from the rodents for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Serum samples were analysed by indirect hemagglutination (1:64 - 1: 2048), consi...

The prevalence of Paramphistomids in cattle of Yurimaguas district, Alto Amazonas province, Loreto was evaluated. Fecal samples from 421 cattle were collected since June 2006 till February 2007 for the coproparasitological evaluation using the spontaneous sedimentation technique. The resulting prevalence was 44.2 ± 4.7%. The logistic regression test indicated that age (p<0.05), and not sex was a risk factor where animals over three years of age had three times more risk to suffer the disease than younger animals. The high prevalence of Paramphistomosis observed in the cattle population might be influenced by favorable environmental conditions in the study area, as well as the lack of prevention and control strategies in the local cattle population.

Se determinó la prevalencia de Paramfistómidos en bovinos del distrito de Yurimaguas, provincia de Alto Amazonas, Loreto. Se colectaron muestras de heces en 421 bovinos, entre junio de 2006 a febrero de 2007, para su evaluación coproparasitológica con la técnica de sedimentación espontánea. Se obtuvo una prevalencia del 44.2 ± 4.7%. En la prueba de regresión logística se determinó que la edad (p<0.05), y no el sexo, constituía factor de riesgo, donde bovinos mayores de tres años de edad presentaron 3 ó más veces mayor riesgo de presentar esta parasitosis que animales menores. El alto grado de prevalencia de Paramfistomosis estaría influenciado por las condiciones medioambientales favorables presentes en la zona de estudio, así como por la falta de estrategias de prevención y control en la población bovina local.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma. gondii in wild animals of the orders Carnivora, Primates, Perissodactyla, Cetartiodactyla and Rodentia in the zoo of the Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas, Lima, Peru, as well as to identify the risk factors associated to toxoplasmosis, establishing the role in the transmission of the parasite of domestic felines (Felis silvestris f. catus) and rodents of the genus Rattus running free in the zoo. Blood samples were taken from 332 animals (Carnivora: 75, Primates: 71, Perissodactyla: 32, Cetartiodactyla: 134, Rodentia: 20); as well as in 41 domestic felines and 124 rodents of the genus Rattus. In addition, samples of brain, heart, liver and diaphragm from the rodents for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Serum samples were analysed by indirect hemagglutination (1:64 - 1: 2048), consi...

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of F. hepatica eggs in vicugnas in the Paccha area, Junín, Peru, and to evaluate its association with sex and age. Samples (n=143) were collected from the rectum during a «chaccu» activity (annual capture of wild vicugnas by the local peasants for shearing (September). Samples were analyzed by the rapid sedimentation technique and the determination of parasite load – eggs per gram of feces (epg) – by the McMaster method. The frequency of F. hepatica was 32.

The aim of the study was to determine the presence of Trypanosoma spp in Rattus spp from food markets and pig farms in Lima, Peru, to identify the species of Trypanosoma spp by morphological and biometric characterization, and to correlate the presence of the parasite with the variables sex, age (juvenile and adult), origin and species. The study was conducted in eight food markets of six districts (n = 62 rats) and three pig farms (n = 99) from three districts of Lima. Blood samples were collected and analysed using the thin blood smear technique and stained with «Hemacolor» to determine the presence of the parasite. The identification of the Trypanosome species was based on international keys based on the morphological and biometric characteristics of the trypomastigotes present in blood smears stained with Giemsa. T. lewisi was the only species found in a frequency of 22.5 and 21.2%...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of family-commercial breeding in the district of Matahuasi, Junín, Peru, as well as to identify parasitic species, type of parasitic association and evaluate the association between the presence of ectoparasites and the productive stage and sex variables. A total of 299 guinea pigs were evaluated between January and March 2017. Ectoparasites were collected using four techniques (deep skin scraping, adhesive tape, trichogram and fine combing). The ectoparasites were examined by direct observation under the microscope at 10X and 40X, and in some cases they were rinsed with 10% KOH. The prevalence of ectoparasites was 67.0 ± 5.3%, identifying three species of acariforms (63.0 ± 5.5%) and one species of Phthiraptera (12.0 ± 3.7%). Among the acariforms, Ornithonyssus bursa (53%), Chirod...

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of eimerias in creole goats from four districts of the department of Ica, Peru, as well as to identify the species of eimerias present and to determine the frequency according to the variables origin, age group and sex. Faecal samples (n=728) were collected between July and August 2017. Samples were processed using the qualitative flotation technique with Sheather's solution and quantitative by the modified McMaster method. The species were identified by measuring sporulated oocysts and by morphological characteristics. The prevalence of eimerias was 99.2%, with no significant differences due to age, sex and origin. The average parasite load was 2158 opg, considered as low load. Eight species of eimerias were identified in goats, E. caprina, E. caprovina, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. arloingi, E. apsheronica, E. jolchijevi, E. alijevi and E. christ...

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep from three districts of the Ancash Region, Peru, as well as to evaluate their association with the variables age (≤1 and >1 year), sex and district of origin (Caraz, Pampas, Yungay). In addition, establish the average parasite load and identify the genera and species present. Faecal samples were collected from 540 sheep during August to September 2017. The animals had not been treated with anthelmintics in the last three months. Sheather's and Modified McMaster's flotation techniques were used for qualitative and quantitative faecal examinations, respectively; as well as the Corticelli and Lai Modified techniques and the Baermann technique for the culture and identification of nematode larvae, respectively. The frequency of nematode positive animals was 79.1%. The Chi square test did not show...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de huevos de Fasciola hepatica en vicuñas silvestres presentes en el cerro Pumacocha del distrito de Paccha, Junín, Perú, así como determinar la asociación con las variables sexo y estrato etario. Se recolectaron 143 muestras de heces tomadas directamente del recto. Las vicuñas fueron capturadas mediante un chaccu realizado por la comunidad campesina local durante la época de esquila anual (setiembre). Los huevos fueron analizados mediante la técnica de sedimentación rápida y la determinación de la carga parasitaria – huevos por gramo de heces (hpg) – mediante el método de McMaster modificado. La frecuencia total de F. hepatica fue de 32.9%, sin diferencia estadística por efecto del sexo o grupo etario. La carga promedio fue de 23.7 hpg.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la presencia de Trypanosoma spp en Rattus spp de mercados de abasto y granjas porcinas en Lima, Perú, identificar las especies de Trypanosoma spp mediante caracterización morfológica y biométrica, y correlacionar la presencia del parásito con las variables sexo, edad (juvenil y adulto), procedencia y especie. El estudio se desarrolló en ocho mercados de abasto de seis distritos (n=62 ratas) y en tres granjas porcinas (n=99) de tres distritos de Lima. Se colectaron muestras de sangre y se analizaron mediante la técnica de frotis sanguíneo delgado coloreado con la tinción rápida «Hemacolor» para determinar la presencia del parásito. La identificación de las especies de tripanosomas se hizo con claves internacionales con base a las características morfológicas y biométricas de los tripomastigotes presentes en frotis sanguíneos colorea...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of family-commercial breeding in the district of Matahuasi, Junín, Peru, as well as to identify parasitic species, type of parasitic association and evaluate the association between the presence of ectoparasites and the productive stage and sex variables. A total of 299 guinea pigs were evaluated between January and March 2017. Ectoparasites were collected using four techniques (deep skin scraping, adhesive tape, trichogram and fine combing). The ectoparasites were examined by direct observation under the microscope at 10X and 40X, and in some cases they were rinsed with 10% KOH. The prevalence of ectoparasites was 67.0 ± 5.3%, identifying three species of acariforms (63.0 ± 5.5%) and one species of Phthiraptera (12.0 ± 3.7%). Among the acariforms, Ornithonyssus bursa (53%), Chirod...

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of eimerias in creole goats from four districts of the department of Ica, Peru, as well as to identify the species of eimerias present and to determine the frequency according to the variables origin, age group and sex. Faecal samples (n=728) were collected between July and August 2017. Samples were processed using the qualitative flotation technique with Sheather's solution and quantitative by the modified McMaster method. The species were identified by measuring sporulated oocysts and by morphological characteristics. The prevalence of eimerias was 99.2%, with no significant differences due to age, sex and origin. The average parasite load was 2158 opg, considered as low load. Eight species of eimerias were identified in goats, E. caprina, E. caprovina, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. arloingi, E. apsheronica, E. jolchijevi, E. alijevi and E. christ...

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep from three districts of the Ancash Region, Peru, as well as to evaluate their association with the variables age (≤1 and >1 year), sex and district of origin (Caraz, Pampas, Yungay). In addition, establish the average parasite load and identify the genera and species present. Faecal samples were collected from 540 sheep during August to September 2017. The animals had not been treated with anthelmintics in the last three months. Sheather's and Modified McMaster's flotation techniques were used for qualitative and quantitative faecal examinations, respectively; as well as the Corticelli and Lai Modified techniques and the Baermann technique for the culture and identification of nematode larvae, respectively. The frequency of nematode positive animals was 79.1%. The Chi square test did not show...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats from four districts of the department of Ica, Peru, as well as to establish the association between the prevalence of these parasites with the variables age, sex and origin, determine the average parasite load and identify the genera and species of nematodes present. Stool samples were collected from 728 goats from the districts of Independencia, Humay, El Carmen and Chincha Baja between June and August 2017. For the identification and evaluation of the parasite load, the floatation techniques and modified McMaster were used. In addition, the techniques of Corticelli and modified Lai and Baermann were used for the culture and identification of the infective larvae (L3). A general prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of 67.6% (95% CI: 64.1-70.9) was obtained, being 92.5, 80.8, 59.1, 41.9% in t...

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, identification and quantification of helminths present in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) in the finishing phase from family-commercial breeding farms in the district of Caraz, Ancash, Peru. The stomach, small intestine and large intestine of 100 animals were collected and all parasites were identified and counted. The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was 89%. Identified parasites were Paraspidodera uncinata, Trichuris spp, Capillaria spp and Trichostrongylus colubriformis showing prevalence of 83, 31, 18 and 2% respectively and without differences due to sex. The frequency of monoparasitism, biparasitism and triparasitism was 49, 35 and 5% respectively.

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of external parasites in guineapigs (Cavia porcellus) during the rainy and dry seasons in family-commercial farms inOxapampa, Pasco, Peru. Also, aimed to identify the ectoparasites and to determine theassociation between seasons and the presence of external parasites. A total of 230 animals were evaluated per season. Ectoparasites were collected using three techniques: skinscraping, transparent tape, and fine comb. The frequency of parasitism was 70.9 ± 5.9 and83.0 ± 4.9% for the rainy and dry seasons respectively. Five species of Acariformes andthree species of Phthiraptera were identified, and the most frequent were Chirodiscoidescaviae and Gliricola porcelli. Significant association was found between the season ofthe year and the presence of external parasitism (p<0.05).

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of helminthes and Eimeria inalpacas of two communities in Ocongate, Cusco, Peru, and to determine the associationbetween the presence of these parasites with location, ecosystem, age and sex. A total of1001 faecal samples were collected from Huacaya alpacas, 521 in the Pampacanchacommunity and 480 in Mahuayani community during the end of the dry season (September-October 2011). Samples were analyzed by the sedimentation and flotation techniqueswith Sheather and Willis solutions. The parasite load was determined by the modifiedMcMaster technique. Helminth genus was identified through the eggs, stool culture andinfective larvae. Eimeria identification was done by oocyst sporulation. The prevalencewas 68.4 and 61.5% for helminthes and Eimeria respectively. The multiple logistic regressiontests showed a significant association between helm...

The aim of the present study was to determine the risk factors associated with the seroprevalence ofNeospora caninum in naturally infected bovine in the tropical highlands of Oxapampa, Peru. The study was carried out in 20 herds in Chontabamba and Oxapampa districts. Blood samples were collected from 388 animals older than 6 months of age, and a survey was conducted to identify potential risk factors in the herds. The presence of antibodies against N. caninum was done by the c-ELISA test using a commercial kit. The association between seroprevalence of N. caninum and the variables evaluated (age group, origin, herd size, disposal of animal remains, number of dogs per herd) were analyzed by the logistic regression. The seroprevalence ofN. caninum was 18.8 ± 3.9%. The risk factors associated with seroprevalence ofN. caninum in bovine were the presence of more than three dogs in the herd, ...

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in captive wild animals of the Carnivora and Primates orders and identify the epidemiologic variables involved in its presentation. The study was conducted at the Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas Zoo, Lima, Peru. Blood samples were collected (Carnivora, n=49; Primates, n=52). In addition, samples were collected from 87 urban rodents and 18 domesticcats captured in the zoo. Surveys were done to identify potencial risk factors for each Order. Furthermore, morphometric parameters, estimated age, sex and body weight from rats and age and sex from cats were recorded. Indirect hemaglutination test was used for the diagnosis of T .gondii. Dilutions were prepared from 1:16 to 1:2048, considering positive a titre over 1/16. IgM antibodies were measured by using 2-Mercaptoethanol to determinate acute infections. The a...