The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in captive wild animals of the Carnivora and Primates orders and identify the epidemiologic variables involved in its presentation. The study was conducted at the Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas Zoo, Lima, Peru. Blood samples were collected (Carnivora, n=49; Primates, n=52). In addition, samples were collected from 87 urban rodents and 18 domesticcats captured in the zoo. Surveys were done to identify potencial risk factors for each Order. Furthermore, morphometric parameters, estimated age, sex and body weight from rats and age and sex from cats were recorded. Indirect hemaglutination test was used for the diagnosis of T .gondii. Dilutions were prepared from 1:16 to 1:2048, considering positive a titre over 1/16. IgM antibodies were measured by using 2-Mercaptoethanol to determinate acute infections. The a...

The aim of the present study was to identify ceratopogonids of the genus Culicoides (Latreille, 1809) involved in the transmission of Orbivirus. The catches were made in two farms located close to Santa Rosa de Lima village, Ucayali, Peru, an area characterized by the presence of shrubs, trees, and wetlands, as well as the breeding of hair sheep, horses and poultry. During three consecutive nights, 7930 specimens of Culicoides spp were captured through five CDC ultraviolet light traps installed next to the flocks. The identification of the Culicoides was done with the support of atlases of photographs of the wing of Neotropical Culicoides and taxonomic keys for each species. Five species were registered within the subgenus Hoffmania (Guttatus and Hylas groups) and another without subgenus classification (Fluvialis group). It was identified 7839 (98.8%) female Culicoides and 91 (1.2%) mal...

The aim of the present study was to detect the RNA of the Bluetongue virus (BTV) in Culicoides insignis and in blood samples of sheep reared under an extensive production system in Pucallpa, Peru. In a first phase, sheep blodd samples (n=46) were obtained from three farms to detect serum antibodies against BTV by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and a competitive ELISA. Results showed that 46.7, 81.3 and 20.0% of sheep had antibodies by IDGA, of which 96% were positive to antibodies against VTV by the ELISA test. In the second phase, 1143 Culicoides spp were captured and 15 sheep blood samples were collected in the seropositive farms. One thousand females of Culicoides insignis were identified. The females were grouped into pools of 100 each (C. insignis = 10 pools and Culicoides spp = 1). For the molecular analysis, the extraction of total RNA was carried out from the ovine blood samples...

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in captive wild animals of the Carnivora and Primates orders and identify the epidemiologic variables involved in its presentation. The study was conducted at the Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas Zoo, Lima, Peru. Blood samples were collected (Carnivora, n=49; Primates, n=52). In addition, samples were collected from 87 urban rodents and 18 domesticcats captured in the zoo. Surveys were done to identify potencial risk factors for each Order. Furthermore, morphometric parameters, estimated age, sex and body weight from rats and age and sex from cats were recorded. Indirect hemaglutination test was used for the diagnosis of T .gondii. Dilutions were prepared from 1:16 to 1:2048, considering positive a titre over 1/16. IgM antibodies were measured by using 2-Mercaptoethanol to determinate acute infections. The a...

The aim of the present study was to identify ceratopogonids of the genus Culicoides (Latreille, 1809) involved in the transmission of Orbivirus. The catches were made in two farms located close to Santa Rosa de Lima village, Ucayali, Peru, an area characterized by the presence of shrubs, trees, and wetlands, as well as the breeding of hair sheep, horses and poultry. During three consecutive nights, 7930 specimens of Culicoides spp were captured through five CDC ultraviolet light traps installed next to the flocks. The identification of the Culicoides was done with the support of atlases of photographs of the wing of Neotropical Culicoides and taxonomic keys for each species. Five species were registered within the subgenus Hoffmania (Guttatus and Hylas groups) and another without subgenus classification (Fluvialis group). It was identified 7839 (98.8%) female Culicoides and 91 (1.2%) mal...

The aim of the present study was to detect the RNA of the Bluetongue virus (BTV) in Culicoides insignis and in blood samples of sheep reared under an extensive production system in Pucallpa, Peru. In a first phase, sheep blodd samples (n=46) were obtained from three farms to detect serum antibodies against BTV by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and a competitive ELISA. Results showed that 46.7, 81.3 and 20.0% of sheep had antibodies by IDGA, of which 96% were positive to antibodies against VTV by the ELISA test. In the second phase, 1143 Culicoides spp were captured and 15 sheep blood samples were collected in the seropositive farms. One thousand females of Culicoides insignis were identified. The females were grouped into pools of 100 each (C. insignis = 10 pools and Culicoides spp = 1). For the molecular analysis, the extraction of total RNA was carried out from the ovine blood samples...

The aim of this study was to determine antibodies against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDv) in serum samples of adult goats, females and males, of intensive, semi-extensive and transhumant production systems, from 89 farmers of four provinces of the department of Lima: Huaura (n=196), Huaral (n=233), Canta (n=153) and Lima (n=172). The detection of neutralizing antibodies against the BVDv in serum samples (n=754) was done by the viral neutralization test. The results showed that 1.2% (9/754) of the samples had antibodies against the virus. Seroreactive samples were from transhumant goats from the provinces of Canta and Huaura.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar anticuerpos contra el virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) en muestras de suero de caprinos adultos, hembras y machos, de crianza estabulada, semi-extensiva y trashumante, pertenecientes a 89 criadores de cuatro provincias del departamento de Lima: Huaura (n=196), Huaral (n=233), Canta (n=153) y Lima (n=172). La detección de los anticuerpos neutralizantes contra el VDVB en muestras de suero (n=754) se hizo mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. El 1.2% (9/754) de las muestras presentaron anticuerpos contra el VDVB. Las muestras serorreactoras fueron de cabras de crianza trashumante de las provincias de Canta y Huaura.

The aim of this study was to detect antibodies against bluetongue virus (VLA) in a population of Junín breed sheep bred at 3800 m above the see level in the province of Jauja, Junín and in Blackbelly breed sheep raised at 600 m in the province of Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru. Blood samples (n=306) were collected from Junín sheep, older than 4 months of age, both sexes and from Blackbelly sheep (n=82) older than 4 months, both sexes, from small breeders from four districts (Perene, San Luis de Shauro, San Ramón and Pichanaki) from the province of Chanchamayo, Junín. Antibody detection against the VLA was done by competition ELISA test. All samples (306/306) of the Junín sheep were negative for antibodies against the VLA, while 56.1% (46/82) of the Blackbelly sheep samples had antibodies against the virus. The absence of antibodies against the VLA in sheep raised at 3800 m of altitude i...

The aim of this study was to detect antibodies against bluetongue virus (VLA) in a population of Junín breed sheep bred at 3800 m above the see level in the province of Jauja, Junín and in Blackbelly breed sheep raised at 600 m in the province of Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru. Blood samples (n=306) were collected from Junín sheep, older than 4 months of age, both sexes and from Blackbelly sheep (n=82) older than 4 months, both sexes, from small breeders from four districts (Perene, San Luis de Shauro, San Ramón and Pichanaki) from the province of Chanchamayo, Junín. Antibody detection against the VLA was done by competition ELISA test. All samples (306/306) of the Junín sheep were negative for antibodies against the VLA, while 56.1% (46/82) of the Blackbelly sheep samples had antibodies against the virus. The absence of antibodies against the VLA in sheep raised at 3800 m of altitude i...

The objective of the study was to determine the presence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDv) in jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) of free life in Madre de Dios. The 19 samples (jaguars = 13, pumas = 6) were collected at the Río Los Amigos Conservation Concession (n=2) and the Tambopata National Reserve / Bahuaja Sonene National Park (n=17) during the routine activities of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in 2006-2008. The detection of antibodies against the CDv was carried out by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT) in a dilution of 1:50. All free-living wild cats were negative for antibodies to CDv. The results indicate that these cats were not exposed to CDv.

The objective of the study was to determine the presence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDv) in jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) of free life in Madre de Dios. The 19 samples (jaguars = 13, pumas = 6) were collected at the Río Los Amigos Conservation Concession (n=2) and the Tambopata National Reserve / Bahuaja Sonene National Park (n=17) during the routine activities of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in 2006-2008. The detection of antibodies against the CDv was carried out by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT) in a dilution of 1:50. All free-living wild cats were negative for antibodies to CDv. The results indicate that these cats were not exposed to CDv.

Bluetongue is an endemic disease in tropical and subtropical regions and the virus that causes the disease is transmitted by mosquito vectors of the genus Culicoides. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the Bluetongue virus (BTV) in goats from the departments of Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, Cajamarca and La Libertad (Peru). Blood samples (n=424) were collected from goats older than 6 months of age, without clinical signs of disease and reared in extensive production systems between June and October 2017. The sera were analysed with commercial ELISA competition kits to determine antibodies against BTV. A seroprevalence of 23.8% (95% CI 19.84-28.16) was found. The results by department indicate that 34.9% (81/232), 20.9% (13/62), 9.5% (4/42) and 6.0% (3/50) and 0% (0/38) of samples from Piura, Tumbes, Cajamarca. Lambayeque and La Libertad, respectively, had antibodie...

The aim of this study was to identify persistently infected cattle (PI) and to identify the viral diarrhea virus genotype (BVDV) in cattle of small farmers in five districts of the province of Anta, Cusco, which were negative for antibodies against BVDV (n=558) in a previous study. The identification of the PI animals was carried out in the 558 serum samples of female bovine Holstein, Brown Swiss and Creoles of various ages, by the capture ELISA test. The identification of the viral genotype was carried out in four samples of PI cattle through the RT-PCR real-time. The results showed that 7.2% (40/558) of the cattle were positive for viral antigen in a first analysis, where the antigen was detected in animals older than 6 months up to 5 years in the three breeds. In the second analysis carried out 30 day after in the 40 positives, 30% (12/40) continued to be positive for viral antigen in...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar bovinos persistentemente infectados (PI) y el genotipo del virus de la diarrea viral (VDVB) en bovinos de pequeños ganaderos de cinco distritos de la provincia de Anta, Cusco, que resultaron negativos a anticuerpos contra el VDVB (n=558) en un estudio previo. La identificación de los animales PI se realizó en las 558 muestras de suero de bovinos Holstein, Brown Swiss y criollos hembras de varias edades, mediante la prueba de ELISA de captura. La identificación del genotipo viral fue realizada en cuatro muestras de bovinos PI mediante la prueba de RT-PCR en tiempo real. El 7.2% (40/558) de los bovinos resultaron positivos a antígeno viral en un primer análisis, donde el antígeno fue detectado en animales mayores a 6 meses hasta los 5 años en las tres razas. En el segundo análisis, realizado 30 días después, en los 40 positivos, 3...