The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of rotavirus and itsassociation with the occurrence of diarrhea in piglets reared in two intensive pig farms inLima valley, Peru. The presence of rotavirus was determined by the identification of theviral genome using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in diarrheic (n=69) and non-diarrheic (n=73) fecal samples from 1 to 4 week-old piglets. The case-controlepidemiological design was used to establish the association between the occurrence ofdiarrhea and the presence of rotavirus in feces, using a multiple logistic regression (typeof feces, age, and origin). The frequency of porcine rotavirus group A in diarrheic stoolsamples from pig farm 1 was 41.4% (12/29) and from pig farm 2 was 16.6% (4/24), and onepositive was found in non diarrheic stool from each pig farm. The presence of porcinerotavirus versus occurrence of diarrhea...

El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la frecuencia del rotavirus y su asociación con la presentación de diarrea en lechones de dos granjas tecnificadas en la zona de Lima. El rotavirus fue identificado mediante la detección del genoma viral por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida (PAGE) en muestras de heces diarreicas (n=69) y no diarreicas (n=73) de lechones de 1 a 4 semanas de edad. Se empleó el diseño epidemiológico caso-control no pareado para establecer la asociación entre presentación de diarrea y presencia de rotavirus en heces, a través de una prueba de regresión logística múltiple (tipo de heces, procedencia, edad). La frecuencia de rotavirus porcino grupo A en heces diarreicas de la granja 1 fue de 41.4% (12/29) y en la granja 2 de 16.6% (4/24), y en heces no diarreicas se detectó una muestra positiva en cada granja. La presencia de rotavirus porcino versus ...

The present study determined the presence of retinoic X receptor isoforms (RXR) genes in the genome of adult alpacas and their expression in the jejunal mucosa of alpaca offspring. Blood leukocyte samples from five adult alpacas were used to detect the genes of the RXRbeta and RXRgamma isoforms by PCR using specific primers, and to determine the expression of the RXR gene isoforms, 35 jejunum samples from young alpacas were used (1-50 days old), to which the real-time RT-PCR test was performed. The results indicate that the alpacas have encoded the RXRbeta and RXRgamma isoforms in their genome and that they have different levels of expression in the jejunal mucosa of baby alpacas. High expression of RXRgamma and RXRbeta was detected. These results indicate that the RXRgamma and RXRbeta receptors are being expressed in the mucosa of the jejunum of baby alpacas.

Se evaluó el comportamiento de la respuesta inmune adaptativa Th1 en el yeyuno de crías de alpacas provenientes de madres con dos niveles de condición corporal a través de la cuantificación por qPCR de las citoquinas IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 e IL-12, y los factores de transcripción T-bet, STAT-1 y STAT-4. Se colectaron muestras de yeyuno de 15 crías de alpaca nacidas de madres con condición corporal (CC) 2 (medianamente delgadas) (G1) y de 15 crías de alpaca nacidas de madres con CC 3 (buen estado corporal) (G2). Se extrajo el ARN total de las muestras y posteriormente se realizó el RT-PCR utilizando oligonucleótidos diseñados específicamente para detectar las citoquinas y factores de transcripción del perfil Th1. La cuantificación de la expresión relativa de los genes detectables se realizó mediante la normalización con genes de alpacas neonatas, utilizando el método 2-Δ...

A total of 62 Escherichia coli positive isolates were analysed, obtained from faecal samples of alpaca calves less than 4 months old, of which 58 were diarrheal and 4 were non-diarrheic, from the South American Camelid Research Centre (CICAS) La Raya, Universidad San Antonio de Abad de Cusco (UNSAAC), located in the province of Canchis, Cusco. The aim of the study was to identify the stx1 and eaeA virulence genes of E. coli by PCR. The isolates were identified as E. coli positive by using MacConkey and EMB agars, and biochemical tests of Simmons citrate, urea and SIM. The results showed that 45.16% (28/62) of the isolates contained exclusively the stx1 gene, while 9.68% (6/62) had the eaeA gene. Furthermore, 37.09% (23/62) of the isolates showed the simultaneous presence of both genes. These findings indicate a high frequency of alpacas in the herds of the study area harbouring E. coli s...

The seroprevalence of Leptospira spp in mares with abortion problems in a stud in Lima was determined. Two blood samples were collected from each mare within a 2-month period for the detection of antibodies against 12 Leptospira serovars using the microaglutination test. The serovars included in the study were icterohaemorraghiae, canicola, pomona, bratislava, georgia, tarassovi, autumnalis, pyrogenes, hardjo, ballum, australis and gryppotyphosa. Total prevalence of Leptospira spp was 96 and 100% in the first and second sampling respectively. Antibodies against serovars canicola, icterohaemorraghiae, pomona and georgia were more frequently detected during both period of sampling. No antibodies were found against serovars bratislava, tarassovi, autumnalis, hardjo, australis or gryppotyphosa. Sixty five percent of the animals were positive for three serovars simultaneously. The most freque...

The aim of the present study was to detect the RNA of the Bluetongue virus (BTV) in Culicoides insignis and in blood samples of sheep reared under an extensive production system in Pucallpa, Peru. In a first phase, sheep blodd samples (n=46) were obtained from three farms to detect serum antibodies against BTV by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and a competitive ELISA. Results showed that 46.7, 81.3 and 20.0% of sheep had antibodies by IDGA, of which 96% were positive to antibodies against VTV by the ELISA test. In the second phase, 1143 Culicoides spp were captured and 15 sheep blood samples were collected in the seropositive farms. One thousand females of Culicoides insignis were identified. The females were grouped into pools of 100 each (C. insignis = 10 pools and Culicoides spp = 1). For the molecular analysis, the extraction of total RNA was carried out from the ovine blood samples...

The seroprevalence of Leptospira spp in mares with abortion problems in a stud in Lima was determined. Two blood samples were collected from each mare within a 2-month period for the detection of antibodies against 12 Leptospira serovars using the microaglutination test. The serovars included in the study were icterohaemorraghiae, canicola, pomona, bratislava, georgia, tarassovi, autumnalis, pyrogenes, hardjo, ballum, australis and gryppotyphosa. Total prevalence of Leptospira spp was 96 and 100% in the first and second sampling respectively. Antibodies against serovars canicola, icterohaemorraghiae, pomona and georgia were more frequently detected during both period of sampling. No antibodies were found against serovars bratislava, tarassovi, autumnalis, hardjo, australis or gryppotyphosa. Sixty five percent of the animals were positive for three serovars simultaneously. The most freque...

The aim of the present study was to detect the RNA of the Bluetongue virus (BTV) in Culicoides insignis and in blood samples of sheep reared under an extensive production system in Pucallpa, Peru. In a first phase, sheep blodd samples (n=46) were obtained from three farms to detect serum antibodies against BTV by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and a competitive ELISA. Results showed that 46.7, 81.3 and 20.0% of sheep had antibodies by IDGA, of which 96% were positive to antibodies against VTV by the ELISA test. In the second phase, 1143 Culicoides spp were captured and 15 sheep blood samples were collected in the seropositive farms. One thousand females of Culicoides insignis were identified. The females were grouped into pools of 100 each (C. insignis = 10 pools and Culicoides spp = 1). For the molecular analysis, the extraction of total RNA was carried out from the ovine blood samples...