El trabajo evaluó la prueba serodiagnóstica de inmunoabsorbancia ligada a enzimas (ELISA) empleando el Derivado Proteico Purificado (PPD) como antígeno en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis bovina,con la finalidad de adecuarlo en la detección rápida de la infección. Se determinó la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos positivo y negativo de la prueba, en la detección de la tuberculosis clínica y subclínica. La evaluación se efectuó utilizando l03 sueros de animales negativos y 53 positivos a la enfermedad. De los sueros controles positivos, la prueba de ELISA detectó 37 comopositivos, que representa una sensibilidad del 69.81 ± 12.36%. De los sueros controles negativos, la prueba detectó 74 sueros como negativos, que representa una especificidad del 71.84 ± 8.69%. De los 66 sueros diagnosticados como  positivos por la prueba de ELISA, 37 eran realmente posit...

El trabajo evaluó la prueba serodiagnóstica de inmunoabsorbancia ligada a enzimas (ELISA) empleando el Derivado Proteico Purificado (PPD) como antígeno en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis bovina,con la finalidad de adecuarlo en la detección rápida de la infección. Se determinó la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos positivo y negativo de la prueba, en la detección de la tuberculosis clínica y subclínica. La evaluación se efectuó utilizando l03 sueros de animales negativos y 53 positivos a la enfermedad. De los sueros controles positivos, la prueba de ELISA detectó 37 comopositivos, que representa una sensibilidad del 69.81 ± 12.36%. De los sueros controles negativos, la prueba detectó 74 sueros como negativos, que representa una especificidad del 71.84 ± 8.69%. De los 66 sueros diagnosticados como  positivos por la prueba de ELISA, 37 eran realmente posit...

Porcine cysticercosis is a zwnotic parasitic disease caused by Cysticercus celiulosae, the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. Cysticercosis is eudemic in Peru with a bigh prevalence in the mountains, jungleand the noahem coast; however, there is scarce infomation about its presence in Lima. The objective of the present study was to determine the seropreyalence of porcine cysticercosis in the expansion area of the Porcine Park "Pampas de los Perros" in Ventanilla district, Callao. A total of 299 serum samples collected from pigs in sectors A, B, C, D and E of the expansion area of the Porcine Park were tested by the Westem Blot iest. The corrected seroprevalence was 19-t 4%, and the rcai prevalence ohtaincd through a stochastic simulation beáa binomial test was 7%- There was a significant sbtistical difference (p<0.05) betwcen animals older than 12 montbs and the other age gr...

La cisticercosis porcina es una enfermedad parasitaria de carácter zoonótico y endémica en el país, y cuyo agente etiológico es el Cysticereus cellulo.~aef,a se larvaria de la Taenia solium. El objetivo del presente estitdio fue determtnar la seraprevalencia de la cisticercosis porcina en el área de ampliación del Parque Porcino "Pampas de los Perros" en e1 distrito de Ventanilla, Provincia Constitucional de1 Callao. Se recolectaron muestras de sangre a 299 cerdos en los sectores A, B, C, D y E que conforman la ampliación del Parque Porcino y se analizaron mediante Ia prueba de Westem Blot. Se determinó una prevalenciacorregida de 19 *4% y una prevalenciareal del 7% a través de una prueba de simulación estocástica beta-binomial. Se enconb+> diferencia estadística significativa @<0.05) entre el gmpo eiAreo >l S meses y los otros tres p p o s [<4,4-8 y >.8-12 me...

The present study evaluated the efficacy of a vectorized vaccine against Newcastle disease virus (vENC) applied in the hatchery. Two hundred one-day-old chicks were distributed in four experimental vaccination groups against vENC: T1: Live attenuated vaccine + inactivated vaccine, T2: Live attenuated vaccine, T3: Live attenuated vaccine + vectorized vaccine, T4: Unvaccinated control group. All chicks were also vaccinated against infectious bronchitis, Marek and Gumboro viruses at day 1. The birds were challenged on the day 26 with a highly pathogenic field pathogenic strain. Mortality, post-challenge clinical signs, necropsy lesions and antibody response against vENC were evaluated. Chicks vaccinated with the vENC vectorized vaccine had a lower mortality (2%) compared to birds vaccinated with live attenuated strains (12.5% ​​for T1 and 18.4% for T2 respectively; p<0.05). Likewise,...

The porcine cysticercosis seroprevalence was determined in rural villages of Tum-bes, Peru. Samples from 97% (1872/1927) of pigs, older than 7 months of age, from 17 ruralvillages of Tumbes province, Peru, were analyzed by the Electroimmunotransfer test.Also, village of origin, age, and sex were assessed to determine whether there wasassociation with regard to the presentation of the disease by the Chi square test andlogistic regression analysis. Seroprevalence was 45 ± 2.3%. Villages with higherseroprevalences were La Capitana, Carretas, and Rica Playa (70 ± 7.8, 69 ± 12.3, and 64 ± 6.8% respectively). Seroprevalence in pigs older than 12 months of age was 49 ± 3.1%,while in pigs 8 to 12 months of age was 40 ± 3.3% (p<0.05). There was no statisticaldifference due to sex. The results show that porcine cysticercosis is a serious publichealth problem for the villages surveyed.

Human microsporidiosis has been considered a disease of the VIH positive patients or other patients with immunosupression. At present, it is known that microsporidiosis affects not only these patients but also the immunocompetent. The most common species is the Enterocytozoon bieneusi. The present study demonstrates the experimental oral infection of one-month-old piglets with spores of E. bieneusi. Nine piglets from a commercial farm with very low risk of infection by this parasite were used. Two staining techniques were utilized for the diagnosis of the parasite: Tricromic Blue Stain (in fecal samples) and Silver Stain (in intestinal wall). Spores of E. bieneusi were observed in feces and intestinal sections of all animals. The estudy showed that pigs of one month of age are susceptible to the infection with spores of E. bieneusi and therefore, could be considered as experimental model...

Se determinó la seroprevalencia de cisticercosis porcina en caseríos de la zona de Tumbes, Perú. Se evaluó el 97% (1872/1927) del total de cerdos mayores a 7 meses de edad, provenientes de 17 caseríos rurales de la provincia de Tumbes, departamento de Tumbes, mediante la prueba de Electroinmunotransferencia. Además, se evaluó las variables caserío de procedencia, edad y sexo para determinar si existía asociación respecto a la presentación de la enfermedad, mediante la prueba de Chi Cuadrado y el análisis de Regresión Logística. La seroprevalencia corregida fue de 45 ± 2.3%. Los caseríos que presentaron las seroprevalencias más altas fueron La Capitana, Carretas y Rica Playa (70 ± 7.8, 69 ± 12.3 y 64 ± 6.8%, respectivamente). Los seroprevalencia en cerdos mayores de 12 meses fue de 49 ± 3.1% en tanto que en cerdos de 8 a 12 meses fue de 40 ± 3.3% (p<0.05). No se e...

La microsporidiosis humana era considerada una enfermedad exclusiva de personas VIH positivas o de pacientes inmunocomprometidos pero actualmente se sabe que afecta, además, a pacientes inmunocompetentes. El microsporidio más común es el Enterocytozoon bieneusi. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo demostrar la infección experimental de cerdos de un mes de edad con 840 000 esporas de E. bieneusi por vía oral. Se utilizaron nueve lechones procedentes de una granja tecnificada con muy pocas probabilidades de infección a este parásito. Para el diagnóstico del parásito se utilizó la coloración tricrómica (en heces) y la coloración de plata (tejido intestinal). Se logró observar esporas de E. bieneusi en heces y en cortes de intestino de todos los lechones. El trabajo demostró que los cerdos de un mes de edad son susceptibles a la infección con esporas de E. bieneusi y, por ...

The present study evaluated the efficacy of a vectorized vaccine against Newcastle disease virus (vENC) applied in the hatchery. Two hundred one-day-old chicks were distributed in four experimental vaccination groups against vENC: T1: Live attenuated vaccine + inactivated vaccine, T2: Live attenuated vaccine, T3: Live attenuated vaccine + vectorized vaccine, T4: Unvaccinated control group. All chicks were also vaccinated against infectious bronchitis, Marek and Gumboro viruses at day 1. The birds were challenged on the day 26 with a highly pathogenic field pathogenic strain. Mortality, post-challenge clinical signs, necropsy lesions and antibody response against vENC were evaluated. Chicks vaccinated with the vENC vectorized vaccine had a lower mortality (2%) compared to birds vaccinated with live attenuated strains (12.5% ​​for T1 and 18.4% for T2 respectively; p<0.05). Likewise,...

The study evaluated the presence of the Newcastle disease virus in the Albufera de Medio Mundo lagoon, situated north of Lima. The lagoon is inhabited for various wild migrant bird species. Three sampling periods were conducted of six weeks each, colleting 900 fresh fecal samples from 11 species. Samples were inoculated in specific-pathogen free (SPF) embryonated eggs of 10 days of age for isolation of the virus. The hemagglutinant activity of the allantoic fluid showed negative results in all samples. The estimated prevalence calculated through a beta simulation was 0.1% with a distribution between 0.002 and 0.4%. The prevalence was too low for considering these birds as a possible source of infection toward domestic birds.

The presence of bovine tuberculosis was determined in 503 cattle older than four weeks from Canta province, Lima by the tuberculin skin test (PPD). Lecture of the test was performed 72 hours after intradermal injection. Eleven out of 503 animals (2.2%) were positive to cutaneous tuberculin stimuli. These results were analyzed by the risk evaluation technique using Monte Carlo simulation (@ Risk Program) and the probability of finding the infection in cattle from Canta province resulted greater than 1% and less than 3.2%.

The objective of this study was to determine the presence of Brucella sp. in cattle of the province of Canta, Lima, through the detection of antibodies in blood using the Rose Bengal test and then, the complement fixation test to confirm positive sera. A total of 486 serum samples were analysed and only one from the district of Santa Rosa de Quives was found positive. This indicated that the prevalence was 0.21% (1/486) with a confidence interval of 0.09 till 0.60%. The results showed that the presence of Brucella sp. in the province of Canta was very low, which may allow the implementation of a program for Brucella eradication.

Taenia solium cysticercosis is a serious public health problem in developing countries around the world. At the present time, treatment with anthelmintic drugs is possible, but once applied the treatment the monitoring of the animal is limited by the high cost of the radiological techniques. Moreover, the available immunodiagnostic assays are not useful for monitoring because they detect the presence of antibodies against C. cellulosae, which remain in circulation after cysts are dead. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the usefulness of a monoclonal antibody-based capture ELISA (AgELISA) in the monitoring of the persistence of circulating parasite antigens in animals treated against cysticercosis. For this purpose, serum samples corresponding to the monitoring of pre and post treatment of 6 pigs, naturally infected with cysticercosis and treated with oxfendazol, were ...

The study evaluate the effect of maternal antibodies against porcine cysticercosis on the interpretation of EITB test results. This data set was obtained from epidemiologic studies developed at Quilcas district, Huancayo, during a period of 4 years (1995-1998). Samples from 298 piglets and their respective dams were analized; animals were stratified by sex and immune status. Maternal antibodies persisted in the blood stream until piglets were 148.8 days old (117-242), and without significant differences between sexes. The average age in which positive piglets to EITB got infected was 170, whereas negative piglets got infected at 179.3 days of age (98-261) and without statistical differences due to sex. The immune status of piglets and dams did not interfere with age of infection. The Cox Regression showed that none of the variables under evaluation constituted a risk factor for the infec...

A targeted surveillance method was applied for the early detection of the Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in the wild birds of the Puerto Viejo’s wetlands in Cañete, Lima, Peru. Twelve 16-week-old domestic ducks of the Muscovy variety (Cairina moschata) were used as sentinels. The ducks, with negative serology and virus isolation to AIV and Newcastle disease, were introduced to the surrounding areas of the wetlands for 70 days during the 2006 winter in order to interact with the resident wild birds. A preliminary identification of the wild bird species present during the study period was done and the interaction degree between both bird populations was subjectively determined. Health status of sentinel birds was assessed by regular clinical examinations as well as cloacal swab and blood samplings, both for virus isolation and for the detection of antibodies against the AIV by the agar gel...

Un ensayo de Electroinmunotrasferencia para detectar anticuerpos contra Sarcocystis aucheniae (SA) de alpacas fue desarrollado para el diagnóstico en vivo de sarcocistiosis en camélidos domésticos. El antígeno consiste en un extracto soluble obtenida de macroquistes SA (MSA) de alpacas naturalmente infectadas. Una de SDS-PAGE (15%) análisis electroforético revelado en quince péptidos de 25-127 kDa. Electroinmunotrasferencia sera un ensayo de transferencia de los conejos inmunizados MSA detectando tres péptidos en 58-50 kDa, mientras que los sueros de SA diagnostican la reacción de alpacas  contra cuatro bandas de proteínas. Los sueros de alpacas neonatas y de alpacas no infectados SA no mostró reactividad frente a los péptidos de MSA. Reactividad inmune específica de los anticuerpos contra alpaca SA con cuatro péptidos de MSA por un ensayo de Electroinmunotrasferencia que...

Se determinó la prevalencia de Cryptosporidium y Eimeria en muestras fecales(n=369) recolectadas de potrillos de carrera de O hasta 52 semanas de edad, en diversos centros de crianza localizados en la costa del departamento de Lima, durante el período de agosto a diciembre de 1998. Un frotis de heces frescas fue fijado con metanol y teñidos con la técnica de Ziehl Neelsen Modificado para el diagnóstico de criptosporidia. Para el diagnóstico de Eimeria las muestras fueron concentradas usando la técnica de sedimentación en formol-éter, luego el sedimento fue examinado directamente para detectara este parásito. La prevalencia de Cryptosporidium fue de 48±5% (176/369), con una prevalencia corregida de 55±5%, pudiéndose observar diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos etáreos (P<0.001). Seis de las 369 muestras examinadas para Eimeria fueron positivas (2±1%). ...

The cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease of world-wide distribution and in Peru represents the main parasitic zoonosis with 17 and 75% seroprevalence in humans and pigs respectively. The high seroprevalence indicates that Peru is an endemic area. The objective of this study was to obtain a representative level of infection with T. solium larvae in pigs of Omia, Nuevo Chirimoto, Mashuyacu and Tocuya villages, Omia district, Amazonas. Sampling was conducted in 48 animals, resulting 27.1% (13/48) of positives to the Electroimmuno Transference Blot (EITB) test. Data was analyzed in a program that uses stochastic simulations of the beta distribution (@Risk®) resulting in a mean seroprevalence of 28% with a distribution between 18.2 and 38.8%. Seroprevalence for Tocuya was 14.3% (0.8-39.3%), Nuevo Chirimoto was 4.8% (0.3-13.9%), Mashuyacu was 71.4% (50.5-88.7%), and Omia was 35.7% (16.6-57.2%)...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum as a risk factor to the occurrence of diarrhea in alpacas younger than 15 days of age from peasant communities in the area of Cusco, using a case–control study design. Stool samples were collected from animals with (n=248) and without diarrhea (n=231) during the 2006 calving season. The presence of C. parvum was determined by the Modified Ziehl Neelsen stain technique (MZN). The results were analyzed using a logistic regression model, adjusting potentially confusing variables as age, sex, breed and location of alpacas. The Odds Ratio was 4.3 (C.I. = 2.3–7.9). The study demonstrated that neonatal alpaca positives to C. parvum have 4.3 times higher predisposition to suffer diarrheas in relation to the animals negative to MZN. In addition, significant association was observed between the animals MZ...