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1
informe técnico
Publicado 2021
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Peru is a place with abundant biological resources that should be employed for the benefit of society in general. However, to date, the use of Peruvian plant genetic resources was not fully exploited for the development of improved crops. This work was mostly conducted by the international private sector. The Climate Change Laboratory at Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, and other laboratories at Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión and Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina together with other research programs of other institutions seek to promote the massive and sustainable use of plant genetic resources maintained in germplasm banks. It is planned to make use of modern molecular and morphological techniques. Moreover, infrastructure and human resources are being improved. As a result, we will be able to maintain the growth of the agricultural activity in Per...
2
artículo
Publicado 2018
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This paper proposes a procedure to minimize electrical losses present in industrial systems, through a specific program developed for this purpose, based on Genetic Algorithm, and written using MATLAB instructions.The minimization is realized with the placement of shunt capacitors connected to the buses. For validation of the proposed method, it is considered accuracy and speed, and the developed program´s results are compared with the results produced by traditional programs. The program avoids leading power factor at the bus connected with the power distribution company and the user may determine buses where he does not want the installation of capacitors. The Genetic Algorithm's fitness, responsible for guiding the optimization process, is the active power loss. Finally, the program is applied to minimize active losses present at an industrial system, 38 buses.
3
artículo
Publicado 2018
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This paper proposes a procedure to minimize electrical losses present in industrial systems, through a specific program developed for this purpose, based on Genetic Algorithm, and written using MATLAB instructions.The minimization is realized with the placement of shunt capacitors connected to the buses. For validation of the proposed method, it is considered accuracy and speed, and the developed program´s results are compared with the results produced by traditional programs. The program avoids leading power factor at the bus connected with the power distribution company and the user may determine buses where he does not want the installation of capacitors. The Genetic Algorithm's fitness, responsible for guiding the optimization process, is the active power loss. Finally, the program is applied to minimize active losses present at an industrial system, 38 buses.
4
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The research records the level of relationship between the use of virtual laboratories and the learning achievements of the transcription and translation processes of the genetic code based on the molecular model of protein synthesis (mmsp) in the teacher training program specialized in biology and chemistry from the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University. Pasco, Perú. Regarding the methods, techniques and instruments, the deductive hypothetical was applied for the conceptual theoretical treatment and then the inductive one, which was based on the learning achieved in the virtual molecular biology laboratory of the University of Alcalá de Henares in Spain. Subsequently, it was ascended until reaching the corresponding generalization. For this process, successive triangulation has been used that considered the sources of data and statistical and documentary information. Everything ...
5
artículo
Publicado 2018
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The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic variability of domestic Creole horses (Equus caballus) through genes associated with the coat. Samples were taken through rural excursions between November 2016 and November 2017 in seven populations in Sahagun, Cordoba. Adult horses present in the farms of each population were sampled, where each animal was phenotypically characterized according to the autosomal markers of morphological coding: Extension, Agouti, Cream, Gray, White, Tobiano, Overo, and Roan. Genetic parameters: allele frequencies, genetic diversity and genetic distance were calculated through the program PopGene 1.31; population structure was determined by the program FSTAT v.2.9.3.2. and the dendrogram was done using the program Mega 7. The results indicated no presence for the White and Overo markers while Extension marker was the most representative in frequency possi...
6
artículo
Publicado 2014
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Oil palm cultivation is one of the Peruvian Amazon, which generates more interest among investors, which has allowed to install at least 70 thousand of ha. When Peru has entered oil palm seeds of high genetic value, resistance to disease, pests and high performance, but over time has experienced variability in different ecosystems of the country. This study aimed to computerized genetic selection for selection of elite plants of high performance fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm. For the computerized genetic analysis were available from SELEGEN Rml/Bloop software program that is designed for the analysis and selection. Benin and Ivory Coast are the ones with the best average, the minimum value is 22.1 kg/plant and the maximum value corresponds to 375.9 kg/plant. The 2301 hybrid has the best average performance, followed by the hybrid 2401, the maximum yield extreme values exceeding 3...
7
artículo
Publicado 2014
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Oil palm cultivation is one of the Peruvian Amazon, which generates more interest among investors, which has allowed to install at least 70 thousand of ha. When Peru has entered oil palm seeds of high genetic value, resistance to disease, pests and high performance, but over time has experienced variability in different ecosystems of the country. This study aimed to computerized genetic selection for selection of elite plants of high performance fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm. For the computerized genetic analysis were available from SELEGEN Rml/Bloop software program that is designed for the analysis and selection. Benin and Ivory Coast are the ones with the best average, the minimum value is 22.1 kg/plant and the maximum value corresponds to 375.9 kg/plant. The 2301 hybrid has the best average performance, followed by the hybrid 2401, the maximum yield extreme values exceeding 3...
8
artículo
Publicado 2016
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of populations of domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Lorica, Colombia using genes that encode plumage color. Random sampling were made in six colonies between November and December 2015. Through urban excursions, direct observation and photographic records, 356 pigeons were studied. Autosomal markers that encode plumage coloration and design were used: Grizzle (G), Spread (S), Checker (C), and sex-linked locus Ash-Red (B). The genetic parameters allele frequencies, genetic diversity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and population structure were calculated by PopGene 1.31, genetic structure and genetic distance by FSTAT v.2.9.3.2 and the dendrogram was made using the program MEGA 5. Spread and Checker markers were the most frequent, while Ash-Red marker presented the lowest values. Low genetic differentiation was obtained among popul...
9
artículo
Publicado 2018
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In this article, using the Amplified Fragment Lenght Polymorphism (AFLP) technique, we evaluated the genetic diversity of 30 native potatoes morphotypes from Vilcashuaman, Ayacucho. DNA extraction was done with the modified CTAB method, using fresh leaves of greenhouse plants of two weeks age. From 200 mg of plant tissue, it was posible to obtain between 300 and 500 ng/μLof good quality DNA. The enzymatic digestion of the DNA was carried out using EcoRI and MseI, and 12 combinations of primers were used, from which the two most polymorphic combinations were chosen (E13 – M49 and E38 - M49). The statistical analysis was done with the NTSYs 2.10 program using the Simple Matching coefficient, obtaining values of PIC (polymorphic content index) of 0.45 and 0.40 for the combinations E38 – M49 and E13 – M49, respectively. In total, 68 clearly differentiable bands were identified, of whi...
10
artículo
Publicado 2014
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The article reviews the state of the art and theoretical concepts needed to develop a proposed solution to the Facility Layout Problem FLP. Article concepts such as meta heuristics, evolutionary computation, evolutionary programming, genetic algorithms, aimed to propose an alternative solution to the difficult problem of plant distribution are examined.
11
artículo
Publicado 2014
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El artículo es una revisión del estado del arte y de los conceptos teóricos necesarios para elaborar una propuesta de solución al Facility Layout Problem FLP. En el artículo se examinan conceptos tales como meta heurísticas, computación evolutiva, programación evolutiva, algoritmos genéticos, tendientes a plantear una alternativa de solución al difícil problema de la distribución en planta.
12
artículo
Publicado 2025
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Coffee is a very important crop both nationally and globally, with Peru being the leading exporter of organic coffee, is native to Africa, and the most important species is Coffea arabica. The objective of this work was to carry out a literature review about the germplasm used and the genetic improvement methods used in coffee cultivation, with the purpose of proposing an improvement scheme that includes the application of traditional methods and biotechnological tools for improvement of coffee cultivation. Information from genetic improvement programs in Brazil, Colombia and Central America and other institutions dedicated to the management, research and commercialization of coffee cultivation was used. The most used methods for genetic improvement are Pedigree, backcrossing and the production of F1 hybrids through somatic embryogenesis. In Brazil, Colombia and other countries, molecula...
13
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Latin America is the center of domestication and diversity of maize, the second most cultivated crop worldwide. In this region, maize landraces are fundamental for food security, livelihoods, and culture. Nevertheless, genetic erosion (i.e., the loss of genetic diversity and variation in a crop) threatens the continued cultivation and in situ conservation of landrace diversity that is crucial to climate change adaptation and diverse uses of maize. We provide an overview of maize diversity in Latin America before discussing factors associated with persistence of large in situ maize diversity, causes for maize landrace abandonment by farmers, and strategies to enhance the cultivation of landraces. Among other factors, maize diversity is linked with: (1) small-holder farming, (2) the production of traditional food products, (3) traditional cropping systems, (4) cultivation in marginal areas...
14
artículo
Publicado 2025
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Objectives Elaeis oleifera, commonly known as the American oil palm, plays a crucial role in the agricultural economies of Central and South America due to its unique oil characteristics and resistance to certain diseases. Despite its importance, limited available genetic information has hindered the effective utilization of this species in breeding programs aimed at improving oil yield and disease resistance. This study employed Genotyping-bySequencing (GBS) to profile polymorphisms within Elaeis oleifera populations, the unique germplasm bank for Peru, located in Ucayali, Peru, aiming to characterize the gene pool. Data description The GBS analysis successfully identified 22,703 informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the twelve-year-old plant genomes (n=42). Observed heterozygosity (Ho=0.3086) and expected heterozygosity index (He=0.3385) were quantified. The fixatio...
15
artículo
Publicado 2022
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The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools,...
16
artículo
Publicado 2022
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The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools,...
17
tesis de grado
Publicado 2023
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Wild potato species hold important genes related to disease resistance, tolerance to abiotic stress, and other traits of agronomic interest; however, they remain being the least explored. This study aimed to develop an accessible and replicable R analysis workflow to explore the genetic diversity and population structure of the International Potato Center’s (CIP) wild potato germplasm collection through nonparametric approaches. We worked with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 1248 wild potato accessions, most of which had been genotyped for the first time. Genetic diversity parameters were calculated prior to structure analysis. Population structure was analyzed through parametric methods such as variational Bayesian inference, and nonparametric methods, such as dimensionalityreduction and distance-based techniques. Distance-based analysis revealed clustering based on plo...
18
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Genealogical and productive records are the most important pillars within genetic and genomic improvement programs, where the diversity of data that can be collected must be systematized and related, to carry out an adequate statistical analysis considering all the factors that influence the variables. On the other hand, the current proposals do not contemplate the total registration of the population, both genealogical and productive records. Moreover, there is no software that allows systematizing, ordering and providing objective and measurable information in an orderly manner within the management of domestic camelids. For this reason, the construction of a computer application was proposed allowing the collection of genealogical and productive records of the entire population of both alpacas and llamas within the herds. As a result, the computer application called "Pacokipu" and "Ll...
19
artículo
Publicado 2007
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Parturition, weaning and shearing data of K´aras and Ch´accus lamas, collected from 1995 to 2001 at the IVITA Research Center, Maranganí of San Marcos University, was used in the present study to estimate the heritability (h2), repeatability and genetic correlations between body weight at birth, weaning and first and second shearing, by adjusting the fata for the effect of year, age of mother and sex of baby lama. The h2 value was analyzed by the nested effect using a model for brothers, brothers in law and by regression baby-mother. Heritability for body weight for both K´aras and Ch´accus lamas was high, while for birth weight and weight at first and second shearing varied from medium to high. The repeatability estimated by intraclass correlation for body weight of Ch´accus and K´aras was lower (0.3-0.4) than those estimated by regression (0.6-0.7, respectively). Genetic correla...
20
artículo
The objective of the study was to evaluate the genetic structure of the Suri alpaca population, from the Quimsachata Research and Production Center of the Illpa-Puno Experimental Station of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation, Peru. Data from 1350 Suri alpacas born from 1993 to 2015 (636 males and 714 females) were analyzed using the method of genealogical analysis method. ENDOG program v.4.8 was used for the calculation of the following parameters of the genetic structure such as: average inbreeding coefficient (F), average relatedness coefficient (AR), the effective numbers of founders (ƒe), effective number of ancestors (ƒa), generation interval (GI) and the pedigree completeness, the ENDOG program v.4.8 was used. The F and AR were 0.06% and 0.40%, respectively, the number of ancestors that gave rise to the reference population was 288, the ƒa for the reference population...
