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1
artículo
Publicado 2010
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It has been obtained a good quality copper cement from copper-zinc sulphides ores of the east peruvian Andes at Marañon complex zone using integrated metallurgical processes, that makes easier the possibility to give technological value to peruvian concentrates of copper. Monitoring obtained products employing combined techniques such the X-Ray diffraction or the Mössbauer spectroscopy allow us to have a better information of the existing elements and help to control and optimize the metallurgical processes. With the Cementation Cinetic Equation there have been carried out simulations of the process, considering the process related variables, like time, agitation, solution concentration, pH, etc. Recovery has reported up to 70% of copper, that gives the way to improve national ore and concentrate extraction costs and open a great possibility to apply it to postergated small and medium ...
2
artículo
The research study was conducted on a sample of pyrite-silver tailings provided by the Administrative Company Cerro S.A.C. located in the Simón Bolívar district, province and region of Pasco. The importance of research contributions for its best treatment of this material is due to the fact that it has a stock of one million tons with an average grade of 5,14 ozAg / t and another two million with a grade between 5 to 6 ozAg / t. The latter have not had any previous treatment, therefore, it is expected to determine the appropriate method to optimize the recovery of silver in this pyrite-silver complex mineral. The recovery of silver in this complex mineral by the flotation method reached 20 %, leading to define it as a refractory mineral to this process, therefore, it is a matter of investigation other processes such as leaching. From the evaluation of the results of the leaching tests,...
3
artículo
The need to develop and know methods for metallurgical treatment to process gold-bearing refractory minerals or hard to treat be- cause of carbon contents, tellurium, antimony, arsenic, carbonates and gold in solution solid sulfides, forces us to study the different methods of specific oxidation that should be applied in each mineral before to leach ore to reach high recoveries into precious metals Through Gravimetrically followed by cyanidation is obtained 94.74% of gold extract in the studied mineral.
4
artículo
The need to develop and know methods for metallurgical treatment to process gold-bearing refractory minerals or hard to treat be- cause of carbon contents, tellurium, antimony, arsenic, carbonates and gold in solution solid sulfides, forces us to study the different methods of specific oxidation that should be applied in each mineral before to leach ore to reach high recoveries into precious metals Through Gravimetrically followed by cyanidation is obtained 94.74% of gold extract in the studied mineral.
5
artículo
The stylohyoid complex is a bony and ligamentous structure, formed by several anatomical entities such as the styloid process, the stylohyoid ligament and the horn of the hyoid. The styloid process originates in the tympanic portion of the temporal bone and measures an average of 25 mm; sometimes it may be increased in length, a situation that may or may not have pain itself. Objective: To determine the prevalence of mineralization of the stylohyoid complex of patients at the country of Ecuador using digital panoramic radiographs. Material and methods: Analysis of 2025 digital panoramic radiographs of patients of both sexes, between 12 and 92 years of age, from the period 2015-2016. It was considered as mineralized stylohyoid complex, when it exceeded 25mm. Results: Of the 2025 panoramic radiographs, it was concluded that 1206 (59.6%) radiographs showed some type of mineralization of the...
6
artículo
Publicado 2005
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Prospective studies developed in the zone of the Marañón basin show us a type of regional geology called the Marañón-Huánuco Region Complex, consisting of metallic minerals of Copper, Silver, Gold in schists and gneiss in contact with intrusives, as well as minerals of nickel, cobalt, titanium, platinum, among others. The characterization of the minerals in the area using instrumental techniques: minerographic microscope, Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis, multielemental chemical analysis, allow us to corroborate the presence of the metallic minerals of the Marañón Complex, as well as the presence of iron oxides, and to a degree of magnetization that are indicators of the metallic presence in the sampled areas. Metallurgical tests carried out indicate a good metallurgical recovery of the concentrates obtained for the chalcopyrite ore, which indicates a good economic possibility for...
7
artículo
Publicado 2020
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a parenteral treatment with vitamins and minerals on the percentage of pregnancy in heifers after a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) scheme as well as to determine possible relationships between the response to the treatment and the Reproductive Tract Score (RTS). A total of 360 heifers from three farms were used (A, B and C). On day 0, the animals were divided into two groups according to their RTS. A group was supplemented via i.m. with a commercial vitamin-mineral complex (V+M Group) and the other one remained as a control group. Simultaneously, an intravaginal device with 0.5 g of progesterone was placed and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate was injected. On day 7, the device was removed and 500 µg of D(+) cloprostenol and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate were injected. The FTAI was performed between 48 and 56 h after the device was r...
8
artículo
Publicado 2020
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a parenteral treatment with vitamins and minerals on the percentage of pregnancy in heifers after a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) scheme as well as to determine possible relationships between the response to the treatment and the Reproductive Tract Score (RTS). A total of 360 heifers from three farms were used (A, B and C). On day 0, the animals were divided into two groups according to their RTS. A group was supplemented via i.m. with a commercial vitamin-mineral complex (V+M Group) and the other one remained as a control group. Simultaneously, an intravaginal device with 0.5 g of progesterone was placed and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate was injected. On day 7, the device was removed and 500 µg of D(+) cloprostenol and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate were injected. The FTAI was performed between 48 and 56 h after the device was r...
9
artículo
Publicado 2013
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Peru, which is a rich country in amount of ores and gold reserves, moreover; it has an attractive minerals sector to the world and of great importance in national economic development. However, in the metallurgy of gold ores, there are minerals called refractory or complex, where free fine gold is trapped or associated with sulfides (pyrite and arsenopyrite), this problem can be seen in the concentrator Tamboraque, which uses inefficient conventional metallurgical processes and of high operating costs. Hence, the present research found an alternative treatment for this type of complex mineral, consisting in a total flotation in a first stage and then a special differential flotation in the second stage, obtaining as a result a reduction of 76.82 % treatmentvolume, 78.31 % the consumption of reagents, 63.64 % presence of toxic reactive in general tailings, 55.85 % and 55.04...
10
artículo
Publicado 2002
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The main oxidized lead minerals are: cerussite and anglesite, which due to their crystallography and wettability should not be buoyant, for this reason it is necessary to study the flotation properties for these minerals, the main ones are: solubility, surface physico-chemical , thermodynamics, fines content and others, it is concluded that anglesite is less buoyant than cerussite, both can be floated directly with amyl xanthate: long-chain hydrocarbon collector and cationic collectors such as alamine 26-D. The flotation of oxides improves when they are previously sulfurized before adding xanthate type collector, obtaining economically acceptable results. The above is applied to a polymetallic mineral of galena, sphalerite and cerussite; up to four flow charts are discussed, two are experimented, and with the bulk flotation scheme Pb-Zn, followed by flotation of oxides, after sulfurizati...
11
artículo
Publicado 2013
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Peru maintains a leading position in the world mining in connection to production and extraction of metals like copper, zinc, silver, gold among others. Geological exploration and prospecting already carried out, show us a promissory future for the above mentioned minerals and other interesting findings like nickel in millerite ore which was proved in some ore deposits of the Marañón geological complex. This occurrence allowed us to carry out metallurgical investigation, specifically hydrometallurgical processing for the Peruvian sulphide ore aimed to the development of profitable mining operations for both private sector and the Peruvian state. We showed the metallurgical test results carried out at the metallurgical engineering school related to obtaining metallic nickel plates and its by products like cement and sulphate crystals.
12
artículo
Publicado 2010
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Polymetallic sulfide ores are found in abundance in nature and especially in our country, hence the great importance of studying their behavior in the differential flotation. There are ores that are very amenable to flotation and there are also other complex minerals that have a very complicated flotation because of different factors, the most difficult ones are those with natural activation of sphalerite and iron sulphides due to soluble salts that the mineral can have as a result of the presence of metal ions from different metals, mainly copper. The copper, lead and zinc ore that was studied did not show difficulties during the selective flotation; the quality and the separation efficiency of concentrates can be improved with more time and more stages of flotation cleaning. We defined the theoretical concepts of the selective flotation and made the mineralogical and chemical study of ...
13
artículo
Publicado 2010
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Polymetallic sulfide ores are found in abundance in nature and especially in our country, hence the great importance of studying their behavior in the differential flotation. There are ores that are very amenable to flotation and there are also other complex minerals that have a very complicated flotation because of different factors, the most difficult ones are those with natural activation of sphalerite and iron sulphides due to soluble salts that the mineral can have as a result of the presence of metal ions from different metals, mainly copper. The copper, lead and zinc ore that was studied did not show difficulties during the selective flotation; the quality and the separation efficiency of concentrates can be improved with more time and more stages of flotation cleaning. We defined the theoretical concepts of the selective flotation and made the mineralogical and chemical study of ...
14
tesis doctoral
Publicado 2021
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Securing a sustainable supply of critical raw materials such as In, Ge, and Ga has become a global concern in recent years. These elements are essential for the manufacture of modern digital and green technologies. The central-Andean metallogenetic belts in Peru bear potential for strategic metal/metalloid resources in some of the great variety of magmatic-hydrothermal and other hydrothermal mineral deposits they host. This doctoral thesis aims to provide a detailed survey on the ore mineralogy and mineral geochemistry at different metalliferous districts in the Central Andes of Peru, including constraints on the temporal and spatial distributions of trace elements with particular focus on In, Ge, and Ga. This contribution also expects a better understanding regarding the geochemical behavior of In, Ge, and Ga during magmatic-hydrothermal and other hydrothermal processes, as well as the ...
15
tesis doctoral
Publicado 2021
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Securing a sustainable supply of critical raw materials such as In, Ge, and Ga has become a global concern in recent years. These elements are essential for the manufacture of modern digital and green technologies. The central-Andean metallogenetic belts in Peru bear potential for strategic metal/metalloid resources in some of the great variety of magmatic-hydrothermal and other hydrothermal mineral deposits they host. This doctoral thesis aims to provide a detailed survey on the ore mineralogy and mineral geochemistry at different metalliferous districts in the Central Andes of Peru, including constraints on the temporal and spatial distributions of trace elements with particular focus on In, Ge, and Ga. This contribution also expects a better understanding regarding the geochemical behavior of In, Ge, and Ga during magmatic-hydrothermal and other hydrothermal processes, as well as the ...
16
artículo
Publicado 2025
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La rizósfera es el medio en el que viven las raíces de las plantas. Su estudio se inició hace más de 100 años. Actualmente, este tema sigue atrayendo el interés de investigadores por su complejidad y repercusiones sobre la ecología terrestre, sostenibilidad de recursos naturales y seguridad alimentaria. La disponibilidad de nutrientes minerales en la rizósfera ha sido extensamente estudiada. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estudios se enfocaron en unos pocos parámetros que fueron evaluados en detalle. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar las propiedades químicas y disponibilidad de todos los elementos nutritivos minerales esenciales para plantas superiores, excepto Mo y Ni, entre suelo rizosférico y suelo no afectado por la actividad de raíces. La comparación tuvo la intención de ser detallada con el fin de obtener una idea del grado de discrepancia real entre su...
17
artículo
Publicado 2013
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El Perú mantiene un posicionamiento en la minería mundial, en la extracción y producción de minerales de Cobre, Zinc, Plata, Oro, entre otros. Las prospecciones geológicas efectuadas nos indican un futuro promisorio en cuanto a nuestros minerales mencionados pero van apareciendo leyes de Níquel (Millerita) interesantes en algunos yacimientos del Complejo Marañón, lo que nos permite realizar investigaciones para su procesamiento hidrometalúrgico y de ese modo podamos construir una tecnología metalúrgica adecuada a nuestros minerales sulfurados y que redunden en ingresos económicos significativos a la inversión efectuada y al Estado Peruano. Mostramos los resultados de pruebas efectuadas en la Escuela de Ingeniería Metalúrgica en la obtención de láminas de níquel metálico, así como también de subproductos en forma de cemento de níquel&nbs...
18
artículo
Publicado 2006
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In the northern part of Peru, between Marañon river and the Eastern Cordillera is located the Gollón – Callangate Batholith shaped by discontinuous plutonic bodies along 100 kilometers, from Santo Tomas to Bambamarca. Its host are metamorphic rocks of the Marañon Complex and sedimentary rocks of Lower Paleozoic age. The batholith has as components mainly medium grain sized granodiorites to tonalites (Gollón, Balsas, Lavador and Los Alisos units) monzogranites (Abra Chanchillo, Yalen, Enaben, Callangate units) and syenogranites (Chacanto unit). Their textures and structures are primary, isotropic. The most common minerals are: plagioclase, K felspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende, and apatite, zircon, magnetite as accessories. In the units Gollón, Lavador, schists of Marañon Complex and slaty pelites (Contaya Formation) are found seams of quartz with Au contents. Quartz veins with A...
19
artículo
Publicado 2006
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In the northern part of Peru, between Marañon river and the Eastern Cordillera is located the Gollón – Callangate Batholith shaped by discontinuous plutonic bodies along 100 kilometers, from Santo Tomas to Bambamarca. Its host are metamorphic rocks of the Marañon Complex and sedimentary rocks of Lower Paleozoic age. The batholith has as components mainly medium grain sized granodiorites to tonalites (Gollón, Balsas, Lavador and Los Alisos units) monzogranites (Abra Chanchillo, Yalen, Enaben, Callangate units) and syenogranites (Chacanto unit). Their textures and structures are primary, isotropic. The most common minerals are: plagioclase, K felspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende, and apatite, zircon, magnetite as accessories. In the units Gollón, Lavador, schists of Marañon Complex and slaty pelites (Contaya Formation) are found seams of quartz with Au contents. Quartz veins with A...
20
tesis doctoral
Publicado 2020
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Ninguna mina peruana ejemplifica mejor el ambivalente historial del sector de la MAPE como La Rinconada. Situada en el departamento de Puno, a 5 mil 200 metros sobre el nivel del mar, La Rinconada es el asentamiento humano permanente más elevado del mundo. El acceso al empleo, sin embargo, es extremadamente peculiar. En lugar de salarios, rige un contrato de trabajo verbal denominado «cachorreo», según el cual los trabajadores prestan sus servicios a favor de un contratista u operador sin pago alguno durante 28 días, seguido de dos días durante los cuales pueden quedarse con el concentrado de mineral que extraen de los socavones. Aunque los trabajadores creen estar cerca de ganar la lotería, en la práctica este contrato funciona como una lotería cruel y de gran escala, en la que el pago es incierto y, a veces, inexistente. La tesis sostiene que para entender la persistencia y af...
