The need in the world market for high-quality laminated products, such as the high productivity of the laminating process, requires increasing the performance levels of laminating cylinders. The rolling cylinder is the main tool or matrix to transform metals and their alloys in the rolling process, which can be hot or cold transformed into products such as bars, squares, profiles, plates, etc. The history of its manufacture is linked to the evolution of the methods used to make iron, steel and other non-ferrous metals. In the last decades there have been several technological advances in the manufacture of laminating cylinders, among which one can distinguish that of double casting or composite casting.  

The problems about underdevelopment are a matter of concern alike from politicians, economists, through the military, doctors, psychologists, to administrators, philosophers, essayists, and many more professionals such as engineers. In order to try to give a solution, various solutions are proposed, but whatever the chosen path, access to a modern society, the final objective of development, involves achieving active participation from Engineering, and in particular from metallurgical engineering.

In the future, the industry can be determined by processes of low cost operation and the capital. The reliability and low price of the mineral coal are the factors for the utilization in the industry. The coal mineral can be use many and several activities. The implacable pressure on the costs of operation, production and investment costs is forcing the producers of steel to accelerate the technological development and to considering new technologies and improvement, with a perspective to get the best qualities, best performance, with less intensity of capital and minor environment impact. The utilization of the mineral coal is an alternative.

In the future, the steel industry may be determined by processes of low cost of operation and capital; being the two main routes for the production of steel, the recycling of scrap metal and the reduction of virgin ore. The high reliability and low price of iron ore are the factors that have led to the development of the direct reduction process. In this decision, natural gas is an economical solution for the production of direct reduction products, briquettes and sponge iron. "THE FUTURE IS NOW"

En el futuro la industria puede ser determinada por procesos de bajo costo de operación y capital. La confiabilidad y bajo precio del carbón mineral son los factores para la utilización en la industria. El carbón mineral puede emplearse en muchas y diversas actividades. La implacable presión sobre los costos de operación, producción e inversión está obligando a los productores de acero a acelerar el desarrollo tecnológico y a considerar nuevas tecnologías y mejoras, con miras a mejores calidades, mejor performance, menos intensidad de capital y mejor impacto ambiental. La utilización del carbón mineral es una alternativa.

In the future, the steel industry may be determined by processes of low cost of operation and capital; being the two main routes for the production of steel, the recycling of scrap metal and the reduction of virgin ore. The high reliability and low price of iron ore are the factors that have led to the development of the direct reduction process. In this decision, natural gas is an economical solution for the production of direct reduction products, briquettes and sponge iron. "THE FUTURE IS NOW"

The need in the world market for high-quality laminated products, such as the high productivity of the laminating process, requires increasing the performance levels of laminating cylinders. The rolling cylinder is the main tool or matrix to transform metals and their alloys in the rolling process, which can be hot or cold transformed into products such as bars, squares, profiles, plates, etc. The history of its manufacture is linked to the evolution of the methods used to make iron, steel and other non-ferrous metals. In the last decades there have been several technological advances in the manufacture of laminating cylinders, among which one can distinguish that of double casting or composite casting.  

The problems about underdevelopment are a matter of concern alike from politicians, economists, through the military, doctors, psychologists, to administrators, philosophers, essayists, and many more professionals such as engineers. In order to try to give a solution, various solutions are proposed, but whatever the chosen path, access to a modern society, the final objective of development, involves achieving active participation from Engineering, and in particular from metallurgical engineering.

The most economical and safest support in tunnels and mining work applied up to now in Peru, was the one put into practice in the Cobriza Mine, called Sot-Fer (name given by the miners: due to the metallic confusion of steel by iron) and until now not disseminated in Peru, for unknown reasons. This method of applying reinforced concrete in tunnels and mining works, through the Gunitado or Shotcrete, is the product of the research work, in the Cobriza mine started with the determination of the workloads of the weak rocks constituting the gables of the great mantle of sulfides of 25m of power with Cu, Ag and Bi values. These rocks, which are slates, were studied crystallographically, reaching the conclusion that they crystallize in the Hexagonal system, Rhombohedral division, Hexagonal Scalenodermic class, positive Rhombohedron form {h0hl}. When the ternary axis of the rhombohedron coincid...

The most economical and safest support in tunnels and mining work applied up to now in Peru, was the one put into practice in the Cobriza Mine, called Sot-Fer (name given by the miners: due to the metallic confusion of steel by iron) and until now not disseminated in Peru, for unknown reasons. This method of applying reinforced concrete in tunnels and mining works, through the Gunitado or Shotcrete, is the product of the research work, in the Cobriza mine started with the determination of the workloads of the weak rocks constituting the gables of the great mantle of sulfides of 25m of power with Cu, Ag and Bi values. These rocks, which are slates, were studied crystallographically, reaching the conclusion that they crystallize in the Hexagonal system, Rhombohedral division, Hexagonal Scalenodermic class, positive Rhombohedron form {h0hl}. When the ternary axis of the rhombohedron coincid...

The need to develop and know methods for metallurgical treatment to process gold-bearing refractory minerals or hard to treat be- cause of carbon contents, tellurium, antimony, arsenic, carbonates and gold in solution solid sulfides, forces us to study the different methods of specific oxidation that should be applied in each mineral before to leach ore to reach high recoveries into precious metals Through Gravimetrically followed by cyanidation is obtained 94.74% of gold extract in the studied mineral.

The need to develop and know methods for metallurgical treatment to process gold-bearing refractory minerals or hard to treat be- cause of carbon contents, tellurium, antimony, arsenic, carbonates and gold in solution solid sulfides, forces us to study the different methods of specific oxidation that should be applied in each mineral before to leach ore to reach high recoveries into precious metals Through Gravimetrically followed by cyanidation is obtained 94.74% of gold extract in the studied mineral.