To significantly minimize the environmental impact taken place by the system of having underground mined, it has to arrange the solid residuals and the tailing inside of the mines, occupying the open cavities originated by the exploitation of the ore. This hypothesis demonstrated, the viability of minimizing the environmental impact generate for the mining industry, based on the theoretical mark of the quality mining exploitation. This research demonstrates that if the economic ore is extracted, but the bargain and but the strictly necessary of rock to give access to the machinery, we’ll be able to have inside mines 86% to 88% tailing in new mines, and 100% in old mines as Casapalca mine, with derisive investment of U.S.$ 6 109 000.00, but being achieved great profitability with a Net Present Value (NPV) of U.S.$ 28 400 000.00, and with Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 465%. In undergr...

The market, economy and geology of the strategic metals involve interdisciplinary fields of knowledge, to visualize the importance and the use of metals in order to economically attractive, and to look for the alternatives of their commercialization and search in the terrestrial crust. The has been analyzed because they are denominated strategic and its has been that the developed countries the they require with urgency due to the shortage with which it is in the terrestrial crust and in their territories, as well as the urgency with which the warlike and peaceful industry needs it to continue the technological and economic advance of these countries.

The most economical and safest support in tunnels and mining work applied up to now in Peru, was the one put into practice in the Cobriza Mine, called Sot-Fer (name given by the miners: due to the metallic confusion of steel by iron) and until now not disseminated in Peru, for unknown reasons. This method of applying reinforced concrete in tunnels and mining works, through the Gunitado or Shotcrete, is the product of the research work, in the Cobriza mine started with the determination of the workloads of the weak rocks constituting the gables of the great mantle of sulfides of 25m of power with Cu, Ag and Bi values. These rocks, which are slates, were studied crystallographically, reaching the conclusion that they crystallize in the Hexagonal system, Rhombohedral division, Hexagonal Scalenodermic class, positive Rhombohedron form {h0hl}. When the ternary axis of the rhombohedron coincid...

Many mining engineers and entrepreneurs believe that in the mining industry there are no alternatives to produce efficiently while still polluting geographic spaces. With this argument, they resort to environmental remediation projects preyed upon by the operations of this industry, without being able to restore the damages caused despite the high cost of the project. In this work, it is proposed to return the tailings and waste from the mining production to the empty spaces caused by the extraction of the mineral in the subsoil, at a low cost and high productivity. Clean technology can be achieved using the equipment, tools and materials that modernity provides us, along with creative design and careful mining planning that involves all problems and solutions, which must be combined through the scientific direction of the work.  

At present, shoring in a mine with wood continues to be an economic alternative; despite its age and competence with a diversity of elements and materials. This research work consists of looking for the best arrangement for the assembly of construction steel rods in the stress zone of a beam, in order that the steel takes all the stress stresses (fs), and the wood all compression efforts (fw), generated by a concentrated load (in the laboratory). The idea is to make wood and steel work, bonding them intimately with epoxy resins, in order to obtain similar results to that of a reinforced concrete beam. The advantage that wood has over concrete is its low specific weight, which constitutes an important parameter for workability in the subsoil. The economic and time constraints allowed testing only 150 specimens, which were not enough to achieve the desired success. However, it has given us...

Many mining engineers and entrepreneurs believe that in the mining industry there are no alternatives to produce efficiently while still polluting geographic spaces. With this argument, they resort to environmental remediation projects preyed upon by the operations of this industry, without being able to restore the damages caused despite the high cost of the project. In this work, it is proposed to return the tailings and waste from the mining production to the empty spaces caused by the extraction of the mineral in the subsoil, at a low cost and high productivity. Clean technology can be achieved using the equipment, tools and materials that modernity provides us, along with creative design and careful mining planning that involves all problems and solutions, which must be combined through the scientific direction of the work.  

At present, shoring in a mine with wood continues to be an economic alternative; despite its age and competence with a diversity of elements and materials. This research work consists of looking for the best arrangement for the assembly of construction steel rods in the stress zone of a beam, in order that the steel takes all the stress stresses (fs), and the wood all compression efforts (fw), generated by a concentrated load (in the laboratory). The idea is to make wood and steel work, bonding them intimately with epoxy resins, in order to obtain similar results to that of a reinforced concrete beam. The advantage that wood has over concrete is its low specific weight, which constitutes an important parameter for workability in the subsoil. The economic and time constraints allowed testing only 150 specimens, which were not enough to achieve the desired success. However, it has given us...

To significantly minimize the environmental impact taken place by the system of having underground mined, it has to arrange the solid residuals and the tailing inside of the mines, occupying the open cavities originated by the exploitation of the ore. This hypothesis demonstrated, the viability of minimizing the environmental impact generate for the mining industry, based on the theoretical mark of the quality mining exploitation. This research demonstrates that if the economic ore is extracted, but the bargain and but the strictly necessary of rock to give access to the machinery, we’ll be able to have inside mines 86% to 88% tailing in new mines, and 100% in old mines as Casapalca mine, with derisive investment of U.S.$ 6 109 000.00, but being achieved great profitability with a Net Present Value (NPV) of U.S.$ 28 400 000.00, and with Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 465%. In undergr...

El mercado, economía y geología de los metales estratégicos involucran campos de conocimiento interdisciplinarios, para visualizar la importancia y la utilidad de los metales por lo que se convierten en atractivo económico, así como las alternativas de su comercialización y búsqueda en la corteza terrestre. Se ha analizado el por qué se denominan estratégicos y se ha encontrado que en los países desarrollados lo requieren con urgencia debido a la escasez con que se encuentran en la corteza terrestre y en sus territorios, así como la urgencia con la que la industria bélica y pacífica lo necesitan para continuar el avance tecnológico y económico de estos países.

The most economical and safest support in tunnels and mining work applied up to now in Peru, was the one put into practice in the Cobriza Mine, called Sot-Fer (name given by the miners: due to the metallic confusion of steel by iron) and until now not disseminated in Peru, for unknown reasons. This method of applying reinforced concrete in tunnels and mining works, through the Gunitado or Shotcrete, is the product of the research work, in the Cobriza mine started with the determination of the workloads of the weak rocks constituting the gables of the great mantle of sulfides of 25m of power with Cu, Ag and Bi values. These rocks, which are slates, were studied crystallographically, reaching the conclusion that they crystallize in the Hexagonal system, Rhombohedral division, Hexagonal Scalenodermic class, positive Rhombohedron form {h0hl}. When the ternary axis of the rhombohedron coincid...

Para disminuir significativamente el impacto ambiental producido por el sistema de minado subterráneo, se tiene que disponer los residuos sólidos y los relaves en el interior de minas, ocupando las cavidades abiertas originadas por la explotación del mineral valioso. Esta hipótesis demuestra la viabilidad de disminuir el impacto ambiental producido por la industria minera, basado en el marco teórico de la calidad de la explotación de minas. En esta tesis se demuestra que sí se extrae el mineral económico, más la ganga y más lo estrictamente necesario de roca para dar acceso al equipo, se podrá disponer en el interior de minas del 86% al 88% de relaves en minas nuevas y el 100% en minas antiguas como Casapalca, con una inversión que alcanza sólo US.$ 6’109,000; pero lográndose gran rentabilidad con un valor presente neto (VAN) de US.$ 28’400, 000 y una tasa interna de re...