This study evaluated the gut microbiota and meat quality traits in 11 healthy female cattle from the Huaral region of Peru, including 5 Angus, 3 Braunvieh, and 3 F1 Simmental × Braunvieh. All cattle were 18 months old and maintained on a consistent lifelong diet. Meat quality traits, including loin area, fat thickness, muscle depth, and marbling, were assessed in vivo using ultrasonography. Fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis, and DNA was extracted for 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing to characterize bacterial, fungal, and protist communities. Significant correlations were observed between microbial genera and meat traits: Christensenellaceae R-7 and Alistipes were positively associated with marbling and muscle area, while Rikenellaceae RC9 showed a negative correlation with fat thickness. Among fungi, Candida positively correlated with marbling, while Trichosporon was negat...

El objetivo principal del estudio fue determinar el tratamiento térmico y microbiológico más adecuado de la pulpa de café (Coffea arábica) para la alimentación de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) que se constituya en una estrategia de mitigación al cambio climático en la región Amazonas, recolectando pulpa de café con no más de 36 horas de haberse generado, directamente de las zonas geográficas donde se produce y procesa. Se realizó el secado al sol hasta llegar a una humedad de 25% para luego llevar el producto a la estufa a temperatura constante de 70°C, seguidamente se realizó la preparación de ensilado mediante tratamientos térmico y microbiológico, para luego suministrar a los cuyes según requerimientos nutricionales en la etapa de crecimiento y engorde. Para la comparación de los resultados se empleó el análisis de varianza estadístico de Tukey con un nivel de signifi...

Perú es considerada una zona hiperendémica de fasciolosis con una prevalencia entre 6,7 a 47,7% (promedio 24,4%) en humanos. En esta zona, la eficacia del Triclabendazol en bovinos es solo del 25,2%, por ello la presencia de cepas resistentes está ampliamente distribuida. El problema se acentúa por ser una enfermedad zoonótica. Además, el Triclabendazol es el único fármaco eficaz contra las distintas formas del parásito. Las catepsinas L y B están involucradas en la migración, nutrición, reproducción y evasión de la respuesta inmune y supervivencia de Fasciola hepatica. Al analizar el proceso en el que el virus SARS–CoV–2 ingresa a la célula, se requiere la presencia de proteasa de serina celular de transmembrana 2 (TMPRSS2) y catepsina L/B (CTSL); donde TMPRSS2 activa la glicoproteína S viral para fusionar la célula con la membrana viral, mientras que la glicoproteÃ...

Con el objetivo de evaluar de manera preliminar poblaciones de morfotipos con patrones de marcadores fenotípicos de resistencia a infección artificial por miracidio para su utilización en el control de fasciolosis en ganado vacuno, se multiplicaron los hospedadores intermediarios con resistencia a formas infectivas de Fasciola hepatica en condiciones de laboratorio, se recogieron 850 caracoles de las acequias y zonas pantanosas de 8 rebaños ubicados en los distritos de La Encañada y Baños del Inca, Perú, ubicados a una altitud de 2.626 a 3.115 metros sobre el nivel del mar (msnm), del género Lymnaea viatrix, seleccionándose 400 caracoles con patrones de susceptibilidad / resistencia a infección artificial por miracidio (morfometría de la concha, conducta de ovoposición, patrón de pigmentación del manto). Se probaron dos métodos de crianza de multiplicación de morfotipos o...

Palatoschisis is a hereditary teratoma that occurs in cattle, it is a hereditary anomaly that affects the oral cavity due to a bad closure during embryonic development, this malformation can have a negative impact on the animal, affecting its feeding and generating problems such as regurgitation and rhinitis. We report the case of a 2-month-old female bovine that presented a malformation specifically in the hard palate. It was observed that the calf presented palatoschisis, showed difficulty in feeding, as well as rhinitis, symptoms derived from the described anomaly.

The application of computer technologies associated with sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) in the quantification and qualification of quality parameters of meat products of various domestic species is an area of research, development, and innovation of great relevance in the agri-food industry. This review covers the most recent advances in this area, highlighting the importance of computer vision, artificial intelligence, and ultrasonography in evaluating quality and efficiency in meat products’ production and monitoring processes. Various techniques and methodologies used to evaluate quality parameters such as colour, water holding capacity (WHC), pH, moisture, texture, and intramuscular fat, among others related to animal origin, breed and handling, are discussed. In addition, the benefits and practical applications of the technology in the meat industry are examined, such as...

The application of computer technologies associated with sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) in the quantification and qualification of quality parameters of meat products of various domestic species is an area of research, development, and innovation of great relevance in the agri-food industry. This review covers the most recent advances in this area, highlighting the importance of computer vision, artificial intelligence, and ultrasonography in evaluating quality and efficiency in meat products’ production and monitoring processes. Various techniques and methodologies used to evaluate quality parameters such as colour, water holding capacity (WHC), pH, moisture, texture, and intramuscular fat, among others related to animal origin, breed and handling, are discussed. In addition, the benefits and practical applications of the technology in the meat industry are examined, such as...

Cattle breeding in the highlands of Peru is an important economic activity at the level of the entire rural extension, because it serves as an economic reserve for rural families and forms an integral part of the agri cultural producer’s culture. This review aimed to provide a literature- and research-based approach to the fundamental aspects of a national genetic improvement plan, emphasising the efficacy of using a bovine germplasm of high genetic quality as an initiative to implement genetic improvement programmes. The concepts to be implemented in national livestock farming include high yield, feed conversion efficiency, and minimum greenhouse gas emissions. The use of a dual-purpose germplasm to maximise the usefulness of livestock farmers and the implementation of improvement programmes, with the expectation of achieving a differential increase in genetic merit, were also conside...

The rye (Secale cereale L.) crop shows a high potential to contribute to the sustainability of high Andean livestock because it supports the agroclimatic conditions and acid soils in the Peruvian Andes. The production of green forage, hay, and grain from the rye crop in acid soils was studied with the use of different levels of phosphorus and potassium fertilization in four local rye ecotypes (CBI-001, CSM-001, CJS-001, and CCE-001). The green forage yield (GFY) ranged from 32.35 to 53.62 t ha−1, dry matter from 6.05 to 8.56 t ha−1, and hay from 7.0 to 10.36 t ha−1; nutritional levels ranged from 9.02% to 13.56% protein and 6.50% to 7.75% ash levels, mainly with differences between ecotypes (p < 0.05). No differences existed between fertilization levels for the number of stems per plant, spikes per plant, and grains per ear (p > 0.05). Also, CBI-001 and CCE-001 were superior with 1...

Siendo la fasciolosis una infección parasitaria importante en rumiantes de muchos países y dada la alta prevalencia en humanos y animales en Cajamarca, Perú, se planteó realizar el estudio sobre el perfil de las proteínas de intestino de Fasciola hepatica con el objetivo de conocer el número de proteínas y el rango de pH de secreción/excreción de intestino del parásito que expresa mediante el método de electroforesis 2D-bidimensional. Las muestras adultas de F. hepatica se recolectaron de hígados de bovinos en el Camal Municipal de Cajamarca. Fueron trasladadas al laboratorio de Biotecnología en Sanidad Animal de la Estación Experimental Agraria Baños del Inca, INIA – Cajamarca, para su procesamiento. La corrida electroforética permitió separar 82 proteínas con diferentes pesos moleculares, enfocadas en distintos puntos isoeléctricos en un rango de pH de 6,0 a 9,4. S...

La diarrea está asociada con bacterias infecciosas que ocasionan mortalidad en terneros como Escherichia coli, representando un problema para los productores de leche y carne a nivel global, provocando grandes pérdidas económicas. En este estudio se evaluó la resistencia a cepas de E. coli aisladas de heces diarreicas de terneros recién nacidos de la región Cajamarca. Se recolectaron 52 muestras de heces de terneros de cinco provincias de la región Cajamarca para el aislamiento de E. coli en agar MacConkey con sorbitol. La identificación molecular de E. coli se realizó mediante la amplificación del gen uidA por PCR convencional y luego se evaluó la susceptibilidad/resistencia a antibióticos utilizando la metodología de Kirby-Bauer y el uso de discos de antibiótico con neomicina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol-trimetroprim y enrofloxacina. Los resultados fueron que el 96.15 % ...

In the majority of cases, poisonings in livestock occur accidentally. The primary causes of poisoning are associated with the ingestion of toxic plants, which contain a range of substances including alkaloids, nitrates, saponins, and others, that can lead to fatal outcomes. The objective of the investigation was to ascertain the cause of death of the bovine. The animal in question was a Simmental breed heifer, aged one year and two months, weighing 250 kg live, and displaying symptoms consistent with Conium maculatum poisoning. The results of the autopsy demonstrated the following: the external examination revealed slight profuse hemorrhage and icteric mucosa on the lips, a pale and icteric flaking muzzle, pale and icteric vulvar and ocular mucosa, and small hemorrhagic vesicles focused at the level of the cross, hip, and dewlap. Additionally, the abdomen was found to be slightly enlarge...

La diarrea está asociada con bacterias infecciosas que ocasionan mortalidad en terneros como Escherichia coli, representando un problema para los productores de leche y carne a nivel global, provocando grandes pérdidas económicas. En este estudio se evaluó la resistencia a cepas de E. coli aisladas de heces diarreicas de terneros recién nacidos de la región Cajamarca. Se recolectaron 52 muestras de heces de terneros de cinco provincias de la región Cajamarca para el aislamiento de E. coli en agar MacConkey con sorbitol. La identificación molecular de E. coli se realizó mediante la amplificación del gen uidA por PCR convencional y luego se evaluó la susceptibilidad/resistencia a antibióticos utilizando la metodología de Kirby-Bauer y el uso de discos de antibiótico con neomicina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol-trimetroprim y enrofloxacina. Los resultados fueron que el 96.15 % ...

The rye (Secale cereale L.) crop shows a high potential to contribute to the sustainability of high Andean livestock because it supports the agroclimatic conditions and acid soils in the Peruvian Andes. The production of green forage, hay, and grain from the rye crop in acid soils was studied with the use of different levels of phosphorus and potassium fertilization in four local rye ecotypes (CBI-001, CSM-001, CJS-001, and CCE-001). The green forage yield (GFY) ranged from 32.35 to 53.62 t ha−1, dry matter from 6.05 to 8.56 t ha−1, and hay from 7.0 to 10.36 t ha−1; nutritional levels ranged from 9.02% to 13.56% protein and 6.50% to 7.75% ash levels, mainly with differences between ecotypes (p < 0.05). No differences existed between fertilization levels for the number of stems per plant, spikes per plant, and grains per ear (p > 0.05). Also, CBI-001 and CCE-001 were superior with 1...

Diprosopus is a congenital malformation result, also known as craniofacial duplication, which is widely recognized in humans and there are also reports in many animal species. The objective of this research is to learn about the clinical manifestations and post mortem findings in cattle diprosopus. Female cattle with incomplete cephalic facial cephalic duplication (diprosopus), product of the eighth gestation of a Creole cow with, from the village center of Quidén, district of Paccha, province of Chota, region of Cajamarca, Peru, with extensive production breeding system. The cattle presented two lower jaws with double oral and nasal cavity, two tongues and supernumerary teeth, the vault was double and single neck. It is confirmed that the case described is diprosopus in cattle.

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo la caracterización bioquímica y la identificación de filogrupos en cepas de Escherichia coli, de heces de terneros con diarrea, mediante el método de Clermont. Se recogieron treinta y dos muestras de ocho rebaños del caserío Tartar Grande, distrito Baños del Inca, región Cajamarca, Perú. Mediante el crecimiento en agar MacConkey-MUG fueron seleccionadas trece muestras caracterizándose bioquímicamente mediante kit EnteroPluri®-Test e identificadas molecularmente mediante amplificación del gen uidA mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR); se tipificó el filogrupo por PCR cuádruplex de Clermont. Las cepas locales aisladas mostraron un perfil bioquímico fermentadoras de sorbitol y glucosa permitiendo agruparlas e identificarlas en cinco grupos (códigos 71340; 71350; 51340; 61740 y 61340); además se amplificó ...

Genomics offers a promising solution by enabling precise cattle selection and breedingto boost productivity and sustainability. In Peru, livestock plays a crucial role in theeconomy and food security. Despite its importance, the sector faces significantchallenges, including poor pasture quality, limited conservation practices, a shortage oftrained professionals, minimal use of genomic tools, and an incomplete understandingof the genetic potential of both native and introduced breeds. Since the 1940s, Peruhas advanced in genetic improvement through artificial insemination, improved semenpreservation, the establishment of a National Semen Bank, and the introduction of newbreeds. Key developments have included embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization, andpioneering cloning efforts. Future perspectives for livestock genomics in Peru involveexpanding bioinformatics capacity, improving genomic ...

Livestock farming feed in the northern highlands of Peru is based on the association of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) ecotype cajamarquino–white clover (Trifolium repens L.) Ladino variety, which constantly varies in its agronomic characteristics and nutritional value due to management considerations and its association with the soil and the animal. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield, plant height, growth rate, tillering, tiller number, spikelets, basal diameter in ryegrass, elongation rate, internode length and decline points in clover over one year. Nutritive value was represented by crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) and metabolisable energy (ME) at three cutting frequencies (30, 45 and 60 days). Better yield (5588 kg DM ha) and plant height (47.1 cm) were shown by the 60-day cutting frequency; however, t...

Background: Colibacillosis caused by Escherichia coli causes significant economic losses in the livestock sector worldwide and is one of the calves’ leading causes of diarrea Aim: This study aimed to identify the most frequent E. coli molecularly pathotypes in calves with diarrhea in six provinces of the Cajamarca region in the northern highlands of Peru. Methods: Twenty-eight herds of dairy cattle under a semi-intensive rearing system were evaluated; 95 samples were isolated from calves with diarrhea up to the first month of life, 62 males and 33 females, during the rainy season. Results: The presence of virulence genes of E. coli strains was more prevalent in males; the astA (89.47%), st (83.15%), and f5 (57.89%) genes were more expressed, and the lt (17.89%) and stx2 (1.05%) genes were less expressed. The eae gene (21.05%) was more present in females. Conclusion: When E. coli strain...

Background: Colibacillosis caused by Escherichia coli causes significant economic losses in the livestock sector worldwide and is one of the calves’ leading causes of diarrea Aim: This study aimed to identify the most frequent E. coli molecularly pathotypes in calves with diarrhea in six provinces of the Cajamarca region in the northern highlands of Peru. Methods: Twenty-eight herds of dairy cattle under a semi-intensive rearing system were evaluated; 95 samples were isolated from calves with diarrhea up to the first month of life, 62 males and 33 females, during the rainy season. Results: The presence of virulence genes of E. coli strains was more prevalent in males; the astA (89.47%), st (83.15%), and f5 (57.89%) genes were more expressed, and the lt (17.89%) and stx2 (1.05%) genes were less expressed. The eae gene (21.05%) was more present in females. Conclusion: When E. coli strain...