Grassland ecosystems cover about 25% of the Earth’s surface, providing essential ecosystem services that benefit nature, people, and food security. This study evaluated agronomic and nutritional parameters of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) based on fertilization levels and cutting frequency in the Amazonas department. The INIA 910—Kumymarca variety was used with nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg/ha) and cutting intervals of 30 and 45 days for agronomic traits and 30, 45, and 60 days for nutritional traits. A randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications was applied. Repeated measures analysis and Tukey’s mean comparison tests (p < 0.005) were performed, along with Pearson correlation and response surface analysis using the central composite design in R. The results showed that applying 180 kg/ha of nitrogen with a 45-day cutting in...

Scenarios of climate change, extensive land use, soil degradation, the loss of native forest cover due to monoculture expansion, and pasture scarcity pose new challenges to livestock farming worldwide. Associated crops emerge as an alternative to mitigate these factors; however, selecting compatible species that do not generate competition and optimize the attributes of the forage is a necessity. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of a maize and bean association, and cutting time on the morphological variables, yield, and nutritional composition of forage. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 3A × 3C factorial arrangement and three blocks was used. Factor A (associations) had three levels: INIA-604-Morocho maize monoculture (M), M+PER1003544 chaucha bean association (M+F1), and M+PER1003551 chaucha bean association (M+F2). Factor C (maize cutting stage) had three lev...

Climate change and livestock expansion have affected forage supply in the dry tropics. Therefore, optimizing planting methods adapted to adverse tropical environments is essential for establishment and yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different planting methods on the establishment rate, morphology, yield, and nutritional composition of Cuba OM-22 under the soil and climate conditions of the dry tropics of Peru, using a block design with four replicates and five methods for propagation by cuttings. The S4 (two-node cuttings, 25 cm in length; horizontal position 180°, parallel to the soil surface; fully buried at 8 cm depth; no spacing between cuttings along the furrow) method offered the best balance between yield and quality, with higher establishment rate (55.93%), height (182.15 cm; higher than S1 and S5), and more tillers (surpassing S1 and S2 by 16.9...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L) – Peru breed with coffee (Coffea arabica) pulp meal on productive parameters during the rearing and fattening stages. A total of 35 female guinea pigs were monitored from 28 to 91 days of age, and fed with alfalfa and concentrate (1:1). The animals were randomly distributed in five treatments with inclusions of 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35% of coffee pulp meal in the concentrate. The addition of the coffee pulp meal to the concentrate did not affect body weight gain, feed conversion and sensory quality (appearance, odor, carcass color and meat taste) but had an inverse relationship with feed consumption. The highest carcass yields were obtained with the inclusion of up to 25% of coffee pulp meal in the concentrate. Therefore, coffee pulp meal, as an input to formulate guinea pig concentrates, has ...

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de la alimentación con harina de pulpa de café (Coffea arabica) en los índices productivos de cuyes (Cavia porcellus L), raza Perú, durante la etapa de recría y engorde. Se trabajó con 35 cuyes hembras desde los 28 hasta los 91 días de edad, alimentados con dietas a base de alfalfa y concentrado (1:1). Los cuyes fueron distribuidos al azar en cinco tratamientos con inclusiones en el concentrado de 0, 5, 15, 25 y 35% de harina de pulpa de café. La adición de la harina de pulpa de café al concentrado no influyó en la ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia y calidad sensorial (apariencia, olor, color de la carcasa y sabor de la carne) pero tuvo una relación inversa con el consumo alimenticio. Los mayores rendimientos de carcasa se obtuvieron hasta la inclusión de 25% de harina de pulpa de café en el concentrado. Por lo tanto,...

The chemical characteristics and in vitro digestibility of eleven inputs, divided into three groups were determined: seeds (sacha inchi [(Plukenetia volubilis], castor [Ricinus communis] and chia [Salvia hispanica]), by-products derived from rice (nielen, husk and powder) and agro-industrial residues of tropical plants and fruits (sugarcane bagasse, coffee pulp, outer shell and mucilage of cocoa [Theobroma cacao], orange pulp [Citrus sinensis] and bean pod [Caesalpinia spinosa]) with potential in animal feed. The samples were collected in the Amazon region, Peru. Its proximal composition, crude fibre content (FC), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), calcium and phosphorus, as well as in vitro digestibility and gross energy (EB) were determined. Oilseeds stood out for their high oil content, high energy value and an important source of calcium and phosphorus; sacha ...

The rye (Secale cereale L.) crop shows a high potential to contribute to the sustainability of high Andean livestock because it supports the agroclimatic conditions and acid soils in the Peruvian Andes. The production of green forage, hay, and grain from the rye crop in acid soils was studied with the use of different levels of phosphorus and potassium fertilization in four local rye ecotypes (CBI-001, CSM-001, CJS-001, and CCE-001). The green forage yield (GFY) ranged from 32.35 to 53.62 t ha−1, dry matter from 6.05 to 8.56 t ha−1, and hay from 7.0 to 10.36 t ha−1; nutritional levels ranged from 9.02% to 13.56% protein and 6.50% to 7.75% ash levels, mainly with differences between ecotypes (p < 0.05). No differences existed between fertilization levels for the number of stems per plant, spikes per plant, and grains per ear (p > 0.05). Also, CBI-001 and CCE-001 were superior with 1...

The objective of the research was to determine the carbon reserve retained under a silvopastoral system with Pinus patula, located in Amazonas, Peru. For the carbon estimation, 06 plants were used by the direct method, the shafts were sectioned every 2 meters and from these were obtained samples of 5 cm of thickness prior to the total weighing. For the branches and leaves the total weight was weighed and samples of 200 g were selected. For the collection of leaf litter and native herbaceous samples, the quadrant method was used and soil samples were collected around each plant. The data were obtained through the formulation of allometric equations and selection of the highest correlation estimated, based on variables such as diameter at chest height (DAP) and height of the stem (AF). As a result, 92.13 t / ha of stored carbon and 337.20 t / ha of carbon equivalent were found. In addition...

The objective of the research was to determine the carbon reserve retained under a silvopastoral system with Pinus patula, located in Amazonas, Peru. For the carbon estimation, 06 plants were used by the direct method, the shafts were sectioned every 2 meters and from these were obtained samples of 5 cm of thickness prior to the total weighing. For the branches and leaves the total weight was weighed and samples of 200 g were selected. For the collection of leaf litter and native herbaceous samples, the quadrant method was used and soil samples were collected around each plant. The data were obtained through the formulation of allometric equations and selection of the highest correlation estimated, based on variables such as diameter at chest height (DAP) and height of the stem (AF). As a result, 92.13 t / ha of stored carbon and 337.20 t / ha of carbon equivalent were found. In addition...

Dry forests are ecosystems of great importance worldwide, but in recent decades they have been affected by climate change and changes in land use. In this study, we evaluated land use and land cover changes (LULC) in dry forests in Peru between 2017 and 2021 using Sentinel-2 images, and cloud processing with Machine Learning (ML) models. The results reported a mapping with accuracies above 85% with an increase in bare soil, urban areas and open dry forest, and reduction in the area of crops and dense dry forest. Protected natural areas lost 2.47% of their conserved surface area and the areas with the greatest degree of land use impact are located in the center and north of the study area. The study provides information that can help in the management of dry forests in northern Peru.

This study evaluated the gut microbiota and meat quality traits in 11 healthy female cattle from the Huaral region of Peru, including 5 Angus, 3 Braunvieh, and 3 F1 Simmental × Braunvieh. All cattle were 18 months old and maintained on a consistent lifelong diet. Meat quality traits, including loin area, fat thickness, muscle depth, and marbling, were assessed in vivo using ultrasonography. Fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis, and DNA was extracted for 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing to characterize bacterial, fungal, and protist communities. Significant correlations were observed between microbial genera and meat traits: Christensenellaceae R-7 and Alistipes were positively associated with marbling and muscle area, while Rikenellaceae RC9 showed a negative correlation with fat thickness. Among fungi, Candida positively correlated with marbling, while Trichosporon was negat...