Palatoschisis is a hereditary teratoma that occurs in cattle, it is a hereditary anomaly that affects the oral cavity due to a bad closure during embryonic development, this malformation can have a negative impact on the animal, affecting its feeding and generating problems such as regurgitation and rhinitis. We report the case of a 2-month-old female bovine that presented a malformation specifically in the hard palate. It was observed that the calf presented palatoschisis, showed difficulty in feeding, as well as rhinitis, symptoms derived from the described anomaly.

Diprosopus is a congenital malformation result, also known as craniofacial duplication, which is widely recognized in humans and there are also reports in many animal species. The objective of this research is to learn about the clinical manifestations and post mortem findings in cattle diprosopus. Female cattle with incomplete cephalic facial cephalic duplication (diprosopus), product of the eighth gestation of a Creole cow with, from the village center of Quidén, district of Paccha, province of Chota, region of Cajamarca, Peru, with extensive production breeding system. The cattle presented two lower jaws with double oral and nasal cavity, two tongues and supernumerary teeth, the vault was double and single neck. It is confirmed that the case described is diprosopus in cattle.

Genomics offers a promising solution by enabling precise cattle selection and breedingto boost productivity and sustainability. In Peru, livestock plays a crucial role in theeconomy and food security. Despite its importance, the sector faces significantchallenges, including poor pasture quality, limited conservation practices, a shortage oftrained professionals, minimal use of genomic tools, and an incomplete understandingof the genetic potential of both native and introduced breeds. Since the 1940s, Peruhas advanced in genetic improvement through artificial insemination, improved semenpreservation, the establishment of a National Semen Bank, and the introduction of newbreeds. Key developments have included embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization, andpioneering cloning efforts. Future perspectives for livestock genomics in Peru involveexpanding bioinformatics capacity, improving genomic ...

Alpacas, important genetic resources in the Andean region of Peru, are vulnerable to diarrhea caused by pathogenic parasites such as Eimeria lamae and Giardia sp., which can be fatal, especially in neonates, due to their physiological immaturity and limited adaptability. The study investigated the diversity and abundance of intestinal fungi and protists in alpacas infected with Eimeria lamae and Giardia sp. compared to healthy alpacas. A total of 19 alpacas, aged between one and two months, were included. They were divided into two groups, one with pathological conditions (nine) and the other healthy (ten). Parasitological analyses for the detection of parasites and subsequent molecular analysis were performed on the collected fecal samples. The results revealed a greater diversity and abundance of protists in infected alpacas in comparison with healthy alpacas, while the fungal composit...

The mitochondrial genome of Pumpo (Bos taurus), a prominent breed contributing to livestock farming, was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genome were achieved through a multifaceted approach employing bioinformatics tools such as Trim Galore, SPAdes, and Geseq, followed by meticulous manual inspection. Additionally, analyses covering tRNA secondary structure and codon usage bias were conducted for comprehensive characterization. The 16,341 base pair mitochondrial genome comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis places Pumpo within a clade predominantly composed of European cattle, reflecting its prevalence in Europe. This comprehensive study underscores the importance of mitochondrial genome analysis in understanding cattle evolution and highlights the potential of genetic improv...

This study aimed to determine the impact of age on the fecal microbiota in the genetic nucleus of cattle, with a focus on microbial richness, composition, functional diversity, and correlations with blood parameters. Fecal and blood samples from 21 cattle were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Older cattle exhibited greater bacterial diversity and abundance, with significant changes in alpha diversity indices (p < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis revealed significant variations in microbial composition between age groups and the interaction of age and sex (p < 0.05). Correlations between alpha diversity, community composition, and hematological values highlighted the influence of microbiota on bovine health. Beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, were more abundant in older cattle, suggesting a role in gut health. Functional diversity analysis indicated tha...

This study investigates gender-based differences in the gut microbiota of Simmental cattle, focusing on bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, with taxonomic classification performed through the SILVA and UNITE databases. Alpha and beta diversity metrics were assessed, revealing significant differences in the diversity and composition of archaeal communities between males and females. Notably, females exhibited higher alpha diversity in archaea, while beta diversity analyses indicated distinct clustering of bacterial and archaeal communities by gender. The study also identified correlations between specific microbial taxa and hematological parameters, with Treponema and Methanosphaera showing gender-specific associations that may influence cattle health and productivity. These findings highlight the importa...

In this research, the connection between age and microbial diversity in cattle was explored, revealing significant changes in both protist diversity and fungal microbiota composition with age. Using fecal samples from 21 Simmental cattle, microbial communities were analyzed through 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Results indicated significant differences in alpha protist diversity among the three age groups, while fungal composition varied notably with age and was linked to hematological parameters. Despite the stability of fungal alpha diversity, compositional changes suggest the gut as a stable niche for microbial colonization influenced by diet, clinical parameters, and microbial interactions. All cattle were maintained on a consistent diet, tailored to meet the specific nutritional needs of each age group. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding age-related microbial dynam...