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Over the last years, using phenomena models in interpreting and designing of software in metallurgical processes has been increasing. In this present research, a series of experimental test with polymetallic minerals is shown, which have been submitted to Flotation, Filtration, Leaching and Sedimentation processes. Mathematic modelling of such processes is shown, as well as the processing and simulation of the experimental data through the respective models. It is intended to contrast them with data from metallurgical plants for their respective validations. All these results will be used for a better planning and control of industrial variables in a concentrating plant.
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Over the last years, using phenomena models in interpreting and designing of software in metallurgical processes has been increasing. In this present research, a series of experimental test with polymetallic minerals is shown, which have been submitted to Flotation, Filtration, Leaching and Sedimentation processes. Mathematic modelling of such processes is shown, as well as the processing and simulation of the experimental data through the respective models. It is intended to contrast them with data from metallurgical plants for their respective validations. All these results will be used for a better planning and control of industrial variables in a concentrating plant.
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The mining industry of porphyry copper deposits process complex and low-grade minerals (Romero Toledo et al., 2017). One of the problems related to this practice, is the type of mineral, harming the mining - metallurgical treatment that affects the consumption of excessive energy and the critical recovery of economic minerals (Mudd, 2010). The objective of the research was to analyze the mineralogical characterization; then to contrast the behavior of the minerals in the process of flotation of minerals in the porphyry deposits of copper and with it to implement improvements (Díaz Villena, 2017). The techniques used were X-ray diffraction, optical-electronic microscopy (Manzaneda Cabala, 2010) and chemical analysis. They provided reliability and support to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the mineral phases that cause problems in the flotation of copper minerals  (Donoso ...
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In Peru, work has been carried out in the area of ​​solid mining waste from the mineral flotation process since 2000, where the Ministry of Energy and Mines begins to carry out the inventory of mining environmental liabilities related to abandoned mining activities where it involves acidic waters, dumps, manholes and mining tailings, respectively; coming to the end to prepare the law 28271, law of regulation of the environmental liabilities of the mining activity, promulgated on July 2, 2004. In the Santa river basin the inventory of 153 mining environmental liabilities has been carried out, reaching the conclusion the urgency of conducting research studies to control the alarming contamination of the physical environment in this basin. At the end of the project, it establishes the preliminary technical parameters at the pilot level in relation to the granulometric and mineralogical ...
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The present research study demonstrates that the recovery of gold and zinc in gold-containing marmatitic zinc ores is feasible. The recovery of these metals was analyzed by factorial experimental designs, using the reagents: CuSO4, AR-3418 and AR-1242 as independent variables, while all other variables remained constant. As a result of the research, a mathematical model was obtained for the recovery of gold and zinc, performing the adjusted factorial design analysis, as indicated: Recovery of gold (Au) = 83.40+ 0.00600 CuSO4 + 0.110 AR-3418 + 0.035 AR-1242 + 0.000313 CuSO4 * AR 3418+ 0.000275 CuSO4 * AR-1242- 0.00800 AR-3418 * AR-1242 - 0.000011 CuSO4 * AR-3418 * AR-1242. Likewise, the recovery of zinc (Zn) = 73.14 + 0.0100 CuSO4 + 0.132 AR-3418 + 0.051 AR-1242 + 0.000164 CuSO4 * AR-3418 + 0.000131 CuSO4 * AR-1242 - 0.00811 AR-3418 * AR-1242 - 0.000004 CuSO4 * AR-3418 * AR-1242.
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The interest of recovering the flotation tailings containing silver , there has been many years ago, mainly by large volumes and significant silver tenors these metals involved. Metallurgical studies to find a suitable treatment scheme for these tailings have been conducted , evaluating alternatives pyro and hydrometallurgical laboratory level. As a conclusion of this work, the hydrometallurgical process of acid leaching was selected - chlorinating, for best metal performance and flexibility. This paper mainly covers the results obtained at the laboratory, where the main variables of the process are evaluated. Such as particle size , concentration and pH of the leaching . The results at the laboratory showed that NaCl solutions acidified with 25% sulfuric acid, it is possible to extract about 40 % of the silver content, value would be limited by the mineralogical composition of the taili...
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The purpose of this research work is to present the flow diagram, material balance, equation statement and development of mathematical models that will allow us to predict final results such as: grades, recoveries and concentration radius that a mineral will report when it is processed by industrial scale flotation with information obtained from a batch of tests at the laboratory level, a method that can be applied to a wide variety of minerals and can be evaluated technically and economically with a high level of confidence.
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Peru, which is a rich country in amount of ores and gold reserves, moreover; it has an attractive minerals sector to the world and of great importance in national economic development. However, in the metallurgy of gold ores, there are minerals called refractory or complex, where free fine gold is trapped or associated with sulfides (pyrite and arsenopyrite), this problem can be seen in the concentrator Tamboraque, which uses inefficient conventional metallurgical processes and of high operating costs. Hence, the present research found an alternative treatment for this type of complex mineral, consisting in a total flotation in a first stage and then a special differential flotation in the second stage, obtaining as a result a reduction of 76.82 % treatmentvolume, 78.31 % the consumption of reagents, 63.64 % presence of toxic reactive in general tailings, 55.85 % and 55.04...
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Mineragraphic studies allowed selecting the most suitable metallurgical process for optimal gold recovery, whose characterization both microscopic and macroscopic, allowed to undergo metallurgical tests on grinding, bottle cyanidation, centrifugal concentration, rougher flotation. As a result of these metallurgical tests on the base mineral, it allowed a 94.48% recovery in selective flotation with a blending of 36% Inkaracay vein and 64% Mina Sanca 2 vein.
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In the present investigation, the reverse flotation method was used to recover hematite in Huancavelica, supported by optical microscopy of arepresentative sample of the mineral, which identified hematite with a distribution of 29.07%, pyrite was observed occupying a volume of 50%,electrum, goethite and gangues in a lesser distribution.Chemical tests determined a head grade of 22.07% hematite and 20.11% total sulfur. The grinding tests of the mineral determined that the P80responded to the model: P80 = 7.7642t² - 230.23t + 1629.3 with a correlation of 94.13%, which was considered to evaluate the recovery of hematitebased on the granulometry of the process.The particle size evaluation tests determined that the recovery decreases when the grinding time increases, and that the appropriate granulometrywas 250 μm. Having determined the particle size variable, the dosage of starch as an oxid...
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The frequency of intestinal parasites was established in 5 species of bats of the family Phyllostomidae captured in three different areas of study, located in the Village of Tinguá located in the far northeast of the city of Nova Iguaçu and the southern limits Tinguá Biological Reserve, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in April and July 2012. Each fecal sample was individually analyzed and processed by a modified centrifugal flotation procedure in sucrose solution. No eggs or cysts of endoparasites were detected in the 33 samples analyzed. This is the first study of the fauna endoparasites in bats using centrifugal flotation technique using only fecal samples. All surveys are based on necropsy of examined hosts.
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Este trabajo de investigación tiene por objeto dar a conocer el diagrama de flujo, balance de materiales, planteo de ecuaciones y desarrollo de modelos matemáticos que nos permitirán predecir resultados finales tales como: leyes, recuperaciones y radio de concentración que un mineral reportará cuando sea procesado por flotación a escala industrial con información obtenida de un lote de pruebas a nivel de laboratorio, método que se puede aplicar a una amplia variedad de minerales y poder evaluarlos técnica y económicamente con un alto nivel de confianza.
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El Perú, país rico en minerales y reservas de oro en cantidades apreciables, tiene un sector minero metalúrgico atractivo al mundo y de gran importancia en el desarrollo económico nacional. Sin embargo, en la metalurgia del oro existen minerales llamadosrefractarios o complejos donde el oro fino libre se encuentra atrapado o asociado a los sulfuros (pirita y arsenopirita), problemas presentes en la planta concentradora Tamboraque, el cual utiliza procesos metalúrgicos convencionales poco eficientes y de altos costos operativos. En este sentido, el presente trabajo de investigación encontró una alternativa para el tratamiento de este tipo de minerales complejos que consiste en una flotación total en una primera etapa y luego una flotación diferencial especial en la segunda etapa, obteniendo como resultados una reducción de 76.82 % del volumen de tratamie...
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Se desarrollan aspectos esenciales referidos al carbón mineral; sus principales características fisicoquímicas, petrográficas, mineralógicas, los procesos de lavabilidad y flotación. El carbón estudiado proviene de las minas San Alejandro, Oyón; es un carbón bituminoso de alto contenido volátil, con un buen rendimiento energético y baja concentración de cenizas y azufre. Se ha realizado la disminución de contenido de azufre, mejoramiento del carbón fijo y el poder calorífico del carbón mineral. Del estudio de caracterización del carbón mineral, se ha determinado una granulometría promedio de 93.51 % a una malla -200, una dureza de 3, densidad aparente de 1.30 gr/cm3, densidad real de 1.72 gr/cm3 y una porosidad de 0.79 %. Respecto al análisis inmediato, los promedios de las muestras en base seca son de 0.78 % de humedad, 18.73 % de materia volátil, 17.33 % de cenizas...
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Los residuos líquidos producidos en un centro de beneficio o matadero son efluentes que contienen sangre, rumen, pelos, grasas, proteínas. La generación de vertidos de aguas residuales tiene una carga orgánica, DBO y de nutrientes media-alta (sangre) con un contenido importante de sólidos en suspensión (rumen), grasas y aceites, así como vertidos líquidos de la operación de escaldado y lavado de carcazas, limpieza de equipos e instalaciones. En el campo del tratamiento de aguas residuales de mataderos, la flotación por aire disuelto (DAF) se usa, entre otros, para la separación de grasas, aceites, y sangre coloidal, en los cuales el DAF ha demostrado ser el sistema de separación de fases más eficiente. Durante todas las experiencias la temperatura del agua varió entre 20 y 22 °C. El punto de muestreo fue el efluente que ingresa al DAF. Las características fueron: pH = 7,2...
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The meat processing industry is believed to produce highly polluted wastewater. Analysis of such wastewater indicated that the waste was highly contaminated with organic compounds as indicated by DQO (mg/L), DBO (mg/L ), and TSS (mg/L ). Moreover, oil and grease concentrations reached mg/L treatment of raw wastewater using Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) was studied. Efficiency of the DAF for the removal of DBO, DQO, and oil and grease was 80%, 75% y 95 % .The overall efficiency of the treatment units provided good quality effluent.
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El interés de recuperar los relaves de flotación que contienen plata, se ha manifestado desde muchos años atrás, básicamente por los grandes volúmenes y los significativos tenores de plata que estos metales involucran. Estudios metalúrgicos orientados a encontrar un esquema de tratamiento adecuado para estos relaves se han realizado, evaluándose alternativas piro e hidrometalúrgicas a nivel de Laboratorio. Como conclusión de estos trabajos, se seleccionó el proceso hidrometalúrgico de lixiviación ácido – clorurante, por su mejor performance metalúrgica y mayor flexibilidad. El presente trabajo cubre básicamente los resultados obtenidos a nivel de laboratorio, donde se evalúan los principales variables del proceso. Tales como: tamaño de partícula, concentración y pH del lixiviante. Los resultados a nivel de laboratorio, mostraron que con soluciones de NaCl al 25% aci...
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La muestra representativa del mineral sulfurado de baja ley de oro, para el presente estudio de investigación, proviene de la provincia de Casma, departamento de Áncash. La caracterización de la muestra se realizó en el microscopio óptico polarizado, de la EAP Ingeniería Geológica de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM). Los resultados de esta caracterización indicaron la presencia de las siguientes especies mineralógicas: electrum, esfalerita, ilmenita, pirita, hematita, goethita y gangas. Además, en la muestra encontramos partículas entrelazadas referidas al oro, las cuales son: electrum-goethita, electrum-gangas, electrum-goethita-gangas. Según los resultados de la caracterización, se realizaron pruebas metalúrgicas de preconcentración a la muestra, con el equipo de concentración Falcon; los resultados de la prueba más representativa obtenida a una gran...
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La muestra representativa del mineral sulfurado de baja ley de oro, para el presente estudio de investigación proviene de la provincia de Casma del departamento de Ancash.La caracterización de la muestra se realizó en el microscopio óptico polarizado, de la EAP. Ingeniería Geológica de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), los resultados de esta caracterización indicaron la presencia de las siguientes especies mineralógicas: Electrum, Esfalerita, Ilmenita, Pirita, Hematita, Goethita y gangas. Además, en la muestra encontramos partículas entrelazadas referidas al oro, las cuales son: Electrum-Goethita, Electrum-Gangas, Electrum-Goethita-Gangas.En base a los resultados de la caracterización se realizaron pruebas metalúrgicas de preconcentración a la muestra, con el equipos de concentración Falcon; los resultados de la prueba más representativa obtenida a una g...
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The representative sample of low grade sulphide ore gold for this research study comes from the province of Casma Ancash department. The characterization of the sample was analyzed in the polarized light microscope, in the EAP. Geological Engineering at the National University of San Marcos (UNMSM), the results indicated the presence of the following mineralogical species such as Electrum, sphalerite, ilmenite, pyrite, hematite, goethite and bargains. Furthermore we found particles referred to gold, which are: Electrum-goethite, Electrum-Gangas, Electrum-goethite-Gangas. Based on the results of the characterization we realized metallurgical process like preconcentration Falcon performed in the concentrator, the results of the most representative process is 67.80%, obtaining in a granulometry of -200mesh, obtaining a concentrate grade of 16.20 g / TM, 57.04% of 41.60 radio recovery and co...