The gold-silver artisanal operations carried out throughout the Peruvian territory are characterized by having low recoveries of precious metals, being carried out in poor working conditions and generating negative consequences in the ecosystem, which was the basis of the approach to our problem. For this, a representative sample of a batch of amalgamation tailings in the department of Puno was investigated with a tested head of 19.58 gr/TM of Au, 159.67 gr/TM of Ag and 10.53 ppm of Hg. The optical microscopy report indicated the presence of gold, pyrite, magnetite, hematite, Ilmenite, rutile and gangue. With the results of the mineralogical characterization, leaching tests were carried out with ecological reagents for a sample with a regrind granulometry of 87 microns, such as: Sandioss, which reached a recovery of 99.25% Au and 93.14% Ag, with a consumption of 22.56 kg/TM for a period ...

En esta investigación se evaluó la lixiviación con reactivos ecológicos como alternativa para la recuperación de oro y plata a partir de los residuos de amalgamación en la región Puno. Los análisis químicos realizados sobre el relave debidamente muestreado determinaron una ley de 19.58 g-Au/TM, y 159,67 g-Ag/TM, y los ensayos de microscopia óptica identificaron la presencia de Au libre, además de magnetita, hematita, pirita, rutilo, ilmenita, y gangas. Para conocer a detalle la composición de las GGs se realizó la microscopia XRD identificando especies como titanomagnetita, zircón, moscovita, andalucita, forsterita, y cuarzo, además de las especies que fueron identificadas por microscopia óptica. Teniendo en cuenta la mineralogía del relave de amalgamación, se llevaron a cabo pruebas de lixiviación utilizando reactivos ecológicos, específicamente Sandioss y Jinchan, ...

Busca recuperar el oro de minerales sulfurados de baja ley provenientes de la provincia de Casma, mediante procesos metalúrgicos, combinados, de gravimetría-centrifugación, flotación y cianuración. Utiliza una muestra representativa de un mineral sulfurado de baja ley proveniente de la provincia de Casma del departamento de Ancash. La ley de cabeza es de 0.62 g/TM. La caracterización indica la presencia de las especies mineralógicas: Electrum, Esfalerita, Ilmenita, Pirita, Hematita, Goethita y gangas. Además en la muestra se encuentra partículas entrelazadas referidas al oro, las cuales son: Electrum-Goethita, Electrum-Gangas, Electrum-Goethita-Gangas. En base a estos resultados se realiza cuatro pruebas metalúrgicas de preconcentración gravimétrica-centrifugación en el concentrador Falcon. Según los resultados de la investigación, el proceso metalúrgico adecuado para la ...

The general objective was to rebuild and put into operation the crucible furnace for smelting aluminum scrap at the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga – Ayacucho. The specific objectives were to evaluate the stages of the reconstruction regarding the modification of the design and operation of the crucible furnace for the smelting of aluminum scrap. Obtaining objects (finished products) through different molding techniques. Carry out material and energy balances using oil and gas as fuel. The level of research was technological experimental, and the analytical method was comparative. The design was explanatory experimental. 4 tests were carried out using oil as liquid fuel, then gas, thereby improving the aluminum smelting process, with a high recovery percentage. It was implemented with an automated control panel for the use of gas as fuel. Different molding techniques ...

Gold mining on the southern coast of Peru generates tailings contamination, most of which has not been characterized due to informal management. However, some contain recoverable Au and Ag grades. A representative sample yielded 1.72 g Au/t and 31.76 g Ag/t, and arsenic, copper, and lead concentrations of 340.73, 15.33, and 110 mg/kg, respectively. Optical microscopy revealed the presence of electrum, with gold and silver, 38.46% in free form. To recover the metals, leaching with Sandioss was applied, obtaining 45.86% gold and 90.17% silver recoveries in 24 hours, with a consumption of 5.15 kg/t of the reagent. The tailings were subsequently subjected to phytoremediation with aloe vera, prickly pear, casuarina, geranium, tara, and ant plant. After six months, only Caesalpina spinosa (tara) adapted to the environment. It absorbed 17.11% of arsenic in its roots and 15.45% in its shoots. Re...

In the present investigation, the reverse flotation method was used to recover hematite in Huancavelica, supported by optical microscopy of arepresentative sample of the mineral, which identified hematite with a distribution of 29.07%, pyrite was observed occupying a volume of 50%,electrum, goethite and gangues in a lesser distribution.Chemical tests determined a head grade of 22.07% hematite and 20.11% total sulfur. The grinding tests of the mineral determined that the P80responded to the model: P80 = 7.7642t² - 230.23t + 1629.3 with a correlation of 94.13%, which was considered to evaluate the recovery of hematitebased on the granulometry of the process.The particle size evaluation tests determined that the recovery decreases when the grinding time increases, and that the appropriate granulometrywas 250 μm. Having determined the particle size variable, the dosage of starch as an oxid...

A mineralogical characterization study to optimize lead-silver (Pb-Ag) recovery rate by flotation was conducted at three adits named Esmeralda, Orión, and Hércules. The variables investigated included the dosage of the reagent blend (AP-3418/AR-404), AR-242, and pH. At the Esmeralda adit, a recovery of 81.99% lead at a concentrate grade of 58.66% and 83.79% silver at a head grade of 310.64 oz/t was achieved using a dosage of 18 g/t reagent blend (AP-3418/AR-404), 5 g/t AR-242, and an optimum pH value of 11.5. At the Orión adit, a recovery of 81.71% lead at a concentrate grade of 61.6%, and 81.24% silver at a head grade of 85.39 oz/t were achieved using a dosage of 30 g/t reagent blend (AP-3418/AR-404), 5 g/t AR-242, and an optimum pH value of 10.5. Finally, at the Hércules adit, a recovery of 82.4% lead at a concentrate grade of 54.12%, and 80.88% silver at a head grade of 62.63 oz/t...

The present research study demonstrates that the recovery of gold and zinc in gold-containing marmatitic zinc ores is feasible. The recovery of these metals was analyzed by factorial experimental designs, using the reagents: CuSO4, AR-3418 and AR-1242 as independent variables, while all other variables remained constant. As a result of the research, a mathematical model was obtained for the recovery of gold and zinc, performing the adjusted factorial design analysis, as indicated: Recovery of gold (Au) = 83.40+ 0.00600 CuSO4 + 0.110 AR-3418 + 0.035 AR-1242 + 0.000313 CuSO4 * AR 3418+ 0.000275 CuSO4 * AR-1242- 0.00800 AR-3418 * AR-1242 - 0.000011 CuSO4 * AR-3418 * AR-1242. Likewise, the recovery of zinc (Zn) = 73.14 + 0.0100 CuSO4 + 0.132 AR-3418 + 0.051 AR-1242 + 0.000164 CuSO4 * AR-3418 + 0.000131 CuSO4 * AR-1242 - 0.00811 AR-3418 * AR-1242 - 0.000004 CuSO4 * AR-3418 * AR-1242.