The need to develop and know methods for metallurgical treatment to process gold-bearing refractory minerals or hard to treat be- cause of carbon contents, tellurium, antimony, arsenic, carbonates and gold in solution solid sulfides, forces us to study the different methods of specific oxidation that should be applied in each mineral before to leach ore to reach high recoveries into precious metals Through Gravimetrically followed by cyanidation is obtained 94.74% of gold extract in the studied mineral.

Tailings come from a mineral containing copper, silver and gold and recovery percentages of 90% of copper, 55 % of silver and 10% of gold from flotation. The study and mineralogic characteristic made to tail at 200 x magnification shows the presence of 54% of pyrite and 43% of gangue, does not detect gold, and has a chemical analysis of 3.74 gr/TM gold and 4.18 Oz/TC silver. The cyanidation tests made to the reground tailings at – 45 u give poor recoveries, 10% at most, reinforcing the hypothesis that the precious metal is in solid solution in the pyrite. Based on these results, cyanide lixiviation tests are performed using air and pyrometallurgical oxidation, in the first case 40% of cyanide dissolution is obtained trough air oxidation in alkaline media, and in the second case, 90% of gold is recovered trough roasting tests at 600° C, calcine wash to diminish the consumption of react...

Polymetallic sulfide ores are found in abundance in nature and especially in our country, hence the great importance of studying their behavior in the differential flotation. There are ores that are very amenable to flotation and there are also other complex minerals that have a very complicated flotation because of different factors, the most difficult ones are those with natural activation of sphalerite and iron sulphides due to soluble salts that the mineral can have as a result of the presence of metal ions from different metals, mainly copper. The copper, lead and zinc ore that was studied did not show difficulties during the selective flotation; the quality and the separation efficiency of concentrates can be improved with more time and more stages of flotation cleaning. We defined the theoretical concepts of the selective flotation and made the mineralogical and chemical study of ...

En la zona sur del país existen minerales oxidados de cobre difíciles de lixiviar, y cuando lo hacen, se obtiene licores ricos en cobre, pero también en contaminantes, lo que producirá sulfato de cobre que no cumple con las características técnicas requeridas para su uso en la industria. En este estudio, que consiste en lixiviar el mineral oxidado, precipitación con fierro, donde se eliminan las impurezas, lixiviación del cemento de cobre y cristalización directa, se obtiene un buen producto, tecnología que se puede aplicar a otros minerales parecidos muy abundantes en el Perú.

The mineral That is matter of the present work of investigation comes from the department of the Libertad, province of Otuzco, the mining company Koricolqui S.A. The study by the x- rays diffraction confi rms that the greater component of the sample is guartz in 91,74 %. In the characteristic of the sample by the method by polarizing microscope of refl ected light, the following minerals are observed: electrum, arsenopirita, marcasite, calcosita, galena, esfalerita, rutilo, goethite, tetraedita and gangues; which are like very small particles that they make diffi cult his treatment. The tests of fl otation of the initial sample are not satisfactory because the recoveries are as much for low gold and silver that is of 59,11% and 52,51% respectively. For that reason previously I am made a preconcentration with the centrifugal “Falcon” and relave of the “Falcon” just enters the fl o...

En la zona central y norte del Perú existen minerales de Pb-Ag que tienen altos contenidos de As y Sb. Por flotación no se pueden eliminar estos elementos y se reportan en el concentrado de flotación. Si el porcentaje hallado va de 0.50% a 2.0% reciben castigos económicos (por cada 0.10% adicional); si llegase al 3%, los castigos son más severos y, a veces, es difícil colocarlo en el mercado. Mayores porcentajes de arsénico y antimonio simplemente son rechazados por las fundiciones. En este trabajo de investigación flotamos un mineral de Pb-Ag produciendo un concentrado con alto contenido de impurezas, dicho producto, llamado concentrado sucio, fue lixiviado con hidróxido de sodio y sulfuro de sodio a diferentes concentraciones de los reactivos, dilusión de pulpa y tiempo de retención, determinando las condiciones óptimas de lixiviación; al final se obtuvo un concentrado lim...

Fluorite (F2Ca) is an ore that has multiple aplications, the main ones are: manufacture of fluorhidric acid, steel iron industry, welding and ornamental purposes. This ore belongs to the central zone of Peru and besides fluorite, it has metallic values of lead, silver and zinc, these respond well to differential flotation of sulfhur with good results in the quality of the concentrates and high recoveries. The obtained fluorite concentrate is of ceramic degree, fluorite of acid degree ca not be obtained because of the presence of Aluminium fluorides that affect the quality of the concentrate.

Column flotation is particularly attractive for applications involving multiple cleaning stages in conventional cells and for complex minerals that have selectivity problems, substantially raising the grade of the concentrate (2-4%) and higher recovery (2-3%) , with a single cleaning stage, this equipment adapting very well to computer control. Its acceptance in the mining industry is increasing due to multiple advantages including lower cost of installation and operation, less space occupation, substantial decrease in energy consumption, mainly because it does not have a mechanical agitation system, and less consumption of reagents.

Los principales minerales oxidados de plomo son: cerusita y anglesita, los que debido a su cristalografía y mojabilidad no deberían ser flotables, por esta razón es necesario estudiar las propiedades de flotación para estos minerales, las principales son: solubilidad, físico-química de superficie, termodinámica, contenido de finos y otros, se concluye que la anglesita es menos flotable que la cerusita, ambas se pueden flotar directamente con xantato amílico: colector de cadena larga de hidrocarburo y colectores catiónicos como el alamine 26-D. La flotación de óxidos mejora cuando se sulfurizan previamente antes de adicionar colector tipo xantato, obteniéndose resultados económicamente aceptables. Lo anteriormente expuesto lo aplicamos a un mineral polimetálico de galena, esfalerita y cerusita; se discute hasta cuatro diagramas de flujo, se experimenta dos, y con el esquema ...

The purpose of this research work is to present the flow diagram, material balance, equation statement and development of mathematical models that will allow us to predict final results such as: grades, recoveries and concentration radius that a mineral will report when it is processed by industrial scale flotation with information obtained from a batch of tests at the laboratory level, a method that can be applied to a wide variety of minerals and can be evaluated technically and economically with a high level of confidence.

The purpose of this research is to present scientific-experimental methods to correctly evaluate flotation reagents used in mineral concentration. The variables, mathematical equations, methodology and other important parameters that will efficiently quantify the quality of the reagents under evaluation are presented in any mining-metallurgical beneficiation plant.

The natural activation of sphalerite during flotation of lead is mainly related to the contamination of lead concentrate. The high content of zinc in the lead concentrate receives economic sanctions by higher refining costs, plus zinc content decreases in its flotation circuit. This research has been conducted on five samples of different minerals to identify the probable causes activation of natural sphalerite. The results indicate that the causes are intergrowths Mineralogical between lead and zinc, and the presence of soluble salts of Cu2 +. The ferrous ions and ferric Fe2 + Fe3 + did not show a significant effect on the activation of sphalerite.

The alluvial gold or from laundries or rivers is a major generator of jobs and wealth. Currently for your benefit artisanal methods used and in some cases heavy equipment but with very poor especially in recovery (less than 50%) results. As part of the gold that has been worked, deficiencies and lack of other methods is lost in the tailings. In this research some general concepts of gold will be from the point of view of production and its impact on our exports, study the grain size of the gravel in general and gold in particular, important parameters related to the size distribution used to recommend the most convenient and appropriate method to optimize metallurgical results. Also gravimetric amalgamate concentrated to quantify the efficiency of the method.

The need arises to take advantage of the best way to increase the added value of our mining products, specifically concentrates containing precious metals, to obtain maximum economic benefit. A method is formulated to determine optimal conditions for leaching concentrates. This method is fundamentally based on cyaniding gold concentrates that respond efficiently to this process, then developing alternatives for the recovery of Au and Ag from pregnant solutions, using the known methods of carbon in pulp and merrill crowe or another that consists of selectively precipitating silver with sodium sulfide and from the remaining solution, recover the gold with activated carbon, efficiently obtaining high quality separate products.

The ore is complex and presents abundant content of sulphurs: pyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite, also in few proportion: chalcopyrite, sphalerite and probably sulfhosals that add: copper, silver, arsenic and antimony. Free gold is not appreciated in the obtained results, the major content of gold is in tails of flotation Cu-Ag, constituted by sulphurs of iron, as a non metallic residue prevails the quartz, coal and the insolubles, it is quite strong and naturally very acid, pH:5.3. It is possible to obtain a concentrate of flotation Cu-Ag, with As and Sb like pollutants and around 80% of the total gold stays in tails, to which we effect a direct cyanidation having variant like pH and granulometry, it has not been possible to leach more than 11 % of the gold contained in tails that gives 3.2 grams Au/TM, considering the current prices it has an approximate value 100 US $ Ton.

In some cases it is easy to extract the gold present in an ore by conventional methods cyanidation heap , but in others, the results are very poor and may have originated in mineralogical intergrowths in atomic or sub - atomic size , presence of elements cianicidas and content of fine materials , our research is aimed at finding alternative precious metal , causing severe losses in the tailings gold . work is to show in what circumstances must bind the mineral to solve the problem when a solution presents interesting gold ore fines content and clay materials that are compact when wet and does not allow the cyanide used as a solvent , have mass reach reagent consumption, % moisture : contact with the poor percolation of leaching solutions , characteristic of a good binder machines used to bind minerals, determine the most appropriate economic binder and technically , the different effects...

Heap leaching is a very economical process to metallurgically treat low grade minerals in precious metals, this treatment method received a strong boost in the mid-70s of the previous century, when gold reached quotes of up to US $ 600 / ounce in 1980, the reuse of activated carbon is implemented and minerals with a high content of fines are processed through agglomeration.

In the northern and central zones of Peru there exist minerals of Pb-Ag that contain high amounts of As-Sb; by flotation one can not eliminate these elements and they yield in the concentrate of flotation; from 0.5% to 2.0% they receive economic losses for each additional 0.10%; up to 3% the losses are more severe and at times difficult to place it in the market; major percentages of arsenic and antimony simply are rejected for smelting; in this research work we float a mineral of lead-silver, producing a concentrate with high amounts of impurities, said product, called unclean concentrate was leached out with sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide at different concentrations of the reactants, dilution of pulp and time of retention, determining the optimal conditions of leaching, obtaining a clear concentrate with higher grades of Pb-Ag (Table N.° 6) for easy commercialization. The flow di...

Fluorite (F2Ca) is an ore that has multiple aplications, the main ones are: manufacture of fluorhidric acid, steel iron industry, welding and ornamental purposes. This ore belongs to the central zone of Peru and besides fluorite, it has metallic values of lead, silver and zinc, these respond well to differential flotation of sulfhur with good results in the quality of the concentrates and high recoveries. The obtained fluorite concentrate is of ceramic degree, fluorite of acid degree ca not be obtained because of the presence of Aluminium fluorides that affect the quality of the concentrate.

Column flotation is particularly attractive for applications involving multiple cleaning stages in conventional cells and for complex minerals that have selectivity problems, substantially raising the grade of the concentrate (2-4%) and higher recovery (2-3%) , with a single cleaning stage, this equipment adapting very well to computer control. Its acceptance in the mining industry is increasing due to multiple advantages including lower cost of installation and operation, less space occupation, substantial decrease in energy consumption, mainly because it does not have a mechanical agitation system, and less consumption of reagents.