En la búsqueda de procesos hidrometalúrgicos para la disolución de cobre a nivel de laboratorio, partiendo de un concentrado de cobre sulfurado, siendo éste producto proveniente de un proceso de flotación proporcionado por la Empresa Minera Condestable S.A. La caracterización del concentrado se realizó en la Escuela Académico Profesional de Ingeniería Geológica de la UNMSM, en un microscopio óptico polarizado, en briquetas pulidas en el rango de +100 mallas hasta -325 mallas; en el cual se observa la presencia de cobre en aproximadamente de 87% en volumen y especies mineralógicas importantes, además incluye material estéril o gangas. El presente trabajo de investigación esta orientado a buscar nuevos esquemas de tratamiento de disolución de concentrados de cobre con oxidantes fuertes combinados de cloruro férrico y nitrato de sodio en una solución ácido clorurante; los...

The mineral That is matter of the present work of investigation comes from the department of the Libertad, province of Otuzco, the mining company Koricolqui S.A. The study by the x- rays diffraction confi rms that the greater component of the sample is guartz in 91,74 %. In the characteristic of the sample by the method by polarizing microscope of refl ected light, the following minerals are observed: electrum, arsenopirita, marcasite, calcosita, galena, esfalerita, rutilo, goethite, tetraedita and gangues; which are like very small particles that they make diffi cult his treatment. The tests of fl otation of the initial sample are not satisfactory because the recoveries are as much for low gold and silver that is of 59,11% and 52,51% respectively. For that reason previously I am made a preconcentration with the centrifugal “Falcon” and relave of the “Falcon” just enters the fl o...

In the northern and central zones of Peru there exist minerals of Pb-Ag that contain high amounts of As-Sb; by flotation one can not eliminate these elements and they yield in the concentrate of flotation; from 0.5% to 2.0% they receive economic losses for each additional 0.10%; up to 3% the losses are more severe and at times difficult to place it in the market; major percentages of arsenic and antimony simply are rejected for smelting; in this research work we float a mineral of lead-silver, producing a concentrate with high amounts of impurities, said product, called unclean concentrate was leached out with sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide at different concentrations of the reactants, dilution of pulp and time of retention, determining the optimal conditions of leaching, obtaining a clear concentrate with higher grades of Pb-Ag (Table N.° 6) for easy commercialization. The flow di...

The mineral That is matter of the present work of investigation comes from the department of the Libertad, province of Otuzco, the mining company Koricolqui S.A. The study by the x- rays diffraction confi rms that the greater component of the sample is guartz in 91,74 %. In the characteristic of the sample by the method by polarizing microscope of refl ected light, the following minerals are observed: electrum, arsenopirita, marcasite, calcosita, galena, esfalerita, rutilo, goethite, tetraedita and gangues; which are like very small particles that they make diffi cult his treatment. The tests of fl otation of the initial sample are not satisfactory because the recoveries are as much for low gold and silver that is of 59,11% and 52,51% respectively. For that reason previously I am made a preconcentration with the centrifugal “Falcon” and relave of the “Falcon” just enters the fl o...

En la zona central y norte del Perú existen minerales de Pb-Ag que tienen altos contenidos de As y Sb. Por flotación no se pueden eliminar estos elementos y se reportan en el concentrado de flotación. Si el porcentaje hallado va de 0.50% a 2.0% reciben castigos económicos (por cada 0.10% adicional); si llegase al 3%, los castigos son más severos y, a veces, es difícil colocarlo en el mercado. Mayores porcentajes de arsénico y antimonio simplemente son rechazados por las fundiciones. En este trabajo de investigación flotamos un mineral de Pb-Ag produciendo un concentrado con alto contenido de impurezas, dicho producto, llamado concentrado sucio, fue lixiviado con hidróxido de sodio y sulfuro de sodio a diferentes concentraciones de los reactivos, dilusión de pulpa y tiempo de retención, determinando las condiciones óptimas de lixiviación; al final se obtuvo un concentrado lim...

The ore is complex and presents abundant content of sulphurs: pyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite, also in few proportion: chalcopyrite, sphalerite and probably sulfhosals that add: copper, silver, arsenic and antimony. Free gold is not appreciated in the obtained results, the major content of gold is in tails of flotation Cu-Ag, constituted by sulphurs of iron, as a non metallic residue prevails the quartz, coal and the insolubles, it is quite strong and naturally very acid, pH:5.3. It is possible to obtain a concentrate of flotation Cu-Ag, with As and Sb like pollutants and around 80% of the total gold stays in tails, to which we effect a direct cyanidation having variant like pH and granulometry, it has not been possible to leach more than 11 % of the gold contained in tails that gives 3.2 grams Au/TM, considering the current prices it has an approximate value 100 US $ Ton.

The ore is complex and presents abundant content of sulphurs: pyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite, also in few proportion: chalcopyrite, sphalerite and probably sulfhosals that add: copper, silver, arsenic and antimony. Free gold is not appreciated in the obtained results, the major content of gold is in tails of flotation Cu-Ag, constituted by sulphurs of iron, as a non metallic residue prevails the quartz, coal and the insolubles, it is quite strong and naturally very acid, pH:5.3. It is possible to obtain a concentrate of flotation Cu-Ag, with As and Sb like pollutants and around 80% of the total gold stays in tails, to which we effect a direct cyanidation having variant like pH and granulometry, it has not been possible to leach more than 11 % of the gold contained in tails that gives 3.2 grams Au/TM, considering the current prices it has an approximate value 100 US $ Ton.

Fluorite (F2Ca) is an ore that has multiple aplications, the main ones are: manufacture of fluorhidric acid, steel iron industry, welding and ornamental purposes. This ore belongs to the central zone of Peru and besides fluorite, it has metallic values of lead, silver and zinc, these respond well to differential flotation of sulfhur with good results in the quality of the concentrates and high recoveries. The obtained fluorite concentrate is of ceramic degree, fluorite of acid degree ca not be obtained because of the presence of Aluminium fluorides that affect the quality of the concentrate.

Fluorite (F2Ca) is an ore that has multiple aplications, the main ones are: manufacture of fluorhidric acid, steel iron industry, welding and ornamental purposes. This ore belongs to the central zone of Peru and besides fluorite, it has metallic values of lead, silver and zinc, these respond well to differential flotation of sulfhur with good results in the quality of the concentrates and high recoveries. The obtained fluorite concentrate is of ceramic degree, fluorite of acid degree ca not be obtained because of the presence of Aluminium fluorides that affect the quality of the concentrate.

The main oxidized lead minerals are: cerussite and anglesite, which due to their crystallography and wettability should not be buoyant, for this reason it is necessary to study the flotation properties for these minerals, the main ones are: solubility, surface physico-chemical , thermodynamics, fines content and others, it is concluded that anglesite is less buoyant than cerussite, both can be floated directly with amyl xanthate: long-chain hydrocarbon collector and cationic collectors such as alamine 26-D. The flotation of oxides improves when they are previously sulfurized before adding xanthate type collector, obtaining economically acceptable results. The above is applied to a polymetallic mineral of galena, sphalerite and cerussite; up to four flow charts are discussed, two are experimented, and with the bulk flotation scheme Pb-Zn, followed by flotation of oxides, after sulfurizati...

Los principales minerales oxidados de plomo son: cerusita y anglesita, los que debido a su cristalografía y mojabilidad no deberían ser flotables, por esta razón es necesario estudiar las propiedades de flotación para estos minerales, las principales son: solubilidad, físico-química de superficie, termodinámica, contenido de finos y otros, se concluye que la anglesita es menos flotable que la cerusita, ambas se pueden flotar directamente con xantato amílico: colector de cadena larga de hidrocarburo y colectores catiónicos como el alamine 26-D. La flotación de óxidos mejora cuando se sulfurizan previamente antes de adicionar colector tipo xantato, obteniéndose resultados económicamente aceptables. Lo anteriormente expuesto lo aplicamos a un mineral polimetálico de galena, esfalerita y cerusita; se discute hasta cuatro diagramas de flujo, se experimenta dos, y con el esquema ...

In the south part of the country there oxidated copper minerals hard to leach and when you do it you get extracts are rich in copper but also contain polliting agents, that produces copper sulfate that does not match with the technical characteristics requiered for its industry use. This research consist in leaching the oxidated mineral, precipitation with iron, where the impuritis are eliminated, leaching of copper cement, and direct cristallization, out get a good product, technology can be applied to other similar mineral in Perú.

En la zona sur del país existen minerales oxidados de cobre difíciles de lixiviar, y cuando lo hacen, se obtiene licores ricos en cobre, pero también en contaminantes, lo que producirá sulfato de cobre que no cumple con las características técnicas requeridas para su uso en la industria. En este estudio, que consiste en lixiviar el mineral oxidado, precipitación con fierro, donde se eliminan las impurezas, lixiviación del cemento de cobre y cristalización directa, se obtiene un buen producto, tecnología que se puede aplicar a otros minerales parecidos muy abundantes en el Perú.