New-generation sequencing technologies, among them SNP chips for massive genotyping, are useful for the effective management of genetic resources. To date, molecular studies in Peruvian cattle are still scarce. For the first time, the genetic diversity and population structure of a reproductive nucleus cattle herd of four commercial breeds from a Peruvian institution were determined. This nucleus comprises Brahman (N = 9), Braunvieh (N = 9), Gyr (N = 5), and Simmental (N = 15) breeds. Additionally, samples from a locally adapted creole cattle, the Arequipa Fighting Bull (AFB, N = 9), were incorporated. Female individuals were genotyped with the GGPBovine100K and ma les with the BovineHD. Quality control, and the proportion of polymorphic SNPs, minor allele frequency, expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient were estimated for the five breeds. Admixture...

Vicia sativa is one of the most important crops for livestock feed. Pods from Vicia sativa seed production are usually discarded. The objective of this study was to report the nutritional value of Vicia sativa pods. Report of the bromatological analysis was 17.58% for crude protein, 44.96% for neutral detergent fiber, and 55.81% for in vitro dry matter digestibility. Estimates of the energy value on dry matter basis (Mcal kg–1) were made for digestible and metabolizable energy, with values of 2.46 and 2.01, respectively. Vicia sativa pods promise enormous potential as a protein supplement on livestock diets when other sources are not available.

Goat farming constitutes a significant source of income for farmers in northern Peru. There is currently an absence of information about the genetics of Peruvian Creole goats that would enable us to understand their origins and genetic spread. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of Creole goats from northern Peru using SNP markers. This study involved the collection of 192 male Creole goats from three key goat production geographical departments in northern Peru. These goat samples were genotyped using the GGPGoat70k SNP panel. To explore the genetic influence of other breeds on Peruvian Creole goats, our dataset was combined with previously published SNP genotypes. External data set includes multiple breeds genotypes sampled from Argentina, Brazil, Spain, and Alpine breed from Italy, France, and Switzerland. After quality control 52,832 autosomal SNPs were ...

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Zootecnia. Departamento Académico de Producción Animal

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Producción Animal

El objetivo del estudio fue estimar los componentes de varianzas, la heredabilidad y correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas de los rasgos productivos de las líneas de cuyes Saños y Mantaro, desarrolladas en la Estación Experimental Agraria Santa Ana, Junín (Perú). Se calculó además la consanguinidad de las dos líneas. Se analizaron los registros desde 2017 a 2020. Se evaluaron los rasgos productivos de peso al nacimiento (PN), al destete (PD), a la semana 4 (P4), semana 8 (P8) y semana 13 (P13) de 1622 y 1874 cuyes de la línea Saños y Mantaro, respectivamente. La estimación de los componentes de varianza se realizó mediante modelos unicaracter, mientras que la estimación de las correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas se dio mediante modelos bivariados. Los efectos fijos considerados en el modelo fueron el sexo (S), total de nacidos (TN), número de parto (NP) y temporada de...

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los parámetros productivos y reproductivos de las líneas de cuyes Saños y Mantaro, desarrollados en la Estación Experimental Agraria Santa Ana, en la sierra central del Perú. Se analizaron registros de los años 2017 al 2020 de 1773 y 1888 cuyes de la línea Saños y Mantaro, respectivamente. Los parámetros productivos evaluados fueron los pesos al nacimiento (PN), al destete (PD) y a la cuarta (P4), octava (P8) y décimo tercera semana (P13). Los parámetros reproductivos fueron el tamaño de camada (TC) e intervalo entre partos (IP). Los efectos fijos considerados en el modelo fueron la línea genética (L), sexo (S), número de parto (NP), TC y temporada (Tp - trimestres). Se incluyeron covariables como el peso de la madre al parto (PMP); PN, PD, P4 y P8 en los parámetros productivos. El efecto animal fue incluido como aleatorio en los mod...

La problemática del uso de suelos de aptitud forestal en las regiones áridas y semiáridas presenta escasez de lluvias y baja calidad de suelos, por ello, es importante buscar alternativas que permitan superar estos inconvenientes. El presente tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto del Poliacrilato de Sodio (PANa) de pañales desechables usados en la supervivencia y crecimiento dasométrico de dos especies forestales, durante dos años en campo. Para lo cual se establecieron plantaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don y Polylepis incana bajo tres tratamientos de Poliacrilato de sodio, se evaluó el incremento dasométrico y el porcentaje de supervivencia cada seis meses durante dos años. Para el análisis de las variables se utilizó el diseño estadístico multifactorial. Los resultados indican que el mayor incremento de la altura y diámetro se dio en ambas especies forestales que fueron re...

La problemática del uso de suelos de aptitud forestal en las regiones áridas y semiáridas presenta escasez de lluvias y baja calidad de suelos, por ello, es importante buscar alternativas que permitan superar estos inconvenientes. El presente tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto del Poliacrilato de Sodio (PANa) de pañales desechables usados en la supervivencia y crecimiento dasométrico de dos especies forestales, durante dos años en campo. Para lo cual se establecieron plantaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don y Polylepis incana bajo tres tratamientos de Poliacrilato de sodio, se evaluó el incremento dasométrico y el porcentaje de supervivencia cada seis meses durante dos años. Para el análisis de las variables se utilizó el diseño estadístico multifactorial. Los resultados indican que el mayor incremento de la altura y diámetro se dio en ambas especies forestales que fueron re...

La quinua es considerada una especie con potencial agronómico en la región andina. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento, las características agronómicas y morfológicas de 11 genotipos de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) durante dos campañas agrícolas. Se utilizó el análisis de varianza de dos vías con interacción para evaluar los efectos de campaña y genotipos sobre las características agronómicas y morfológicas. Existió un efecto significativo (p < 0,01) para la interacción de campaña y genotipo para la mayoría de las características agronómicas, a excepción de las variables rendimiento de grano, días de madurez fisiológica, y días de floración. El genotipo CQH44H registró el mayor rendimiento de grano en ambas campañas. Los genotipos M.13 y M.16 registraron periodos más cortos para días de madurez fisiológica y menor contenido de saponina....

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The Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) is a neglected breed and an essential livestock resource in the Andean region of Peru. To develop a modern breeding program and conservation strategies for the PCC, a better understanding of the genetics of this breed is needed. We sequenced the whole genome of the PCC using a de novo assembly approach with a paired-end 150 strategy on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, obtaining 320 GB of sequencing data. A reference scaffolding was used to improve the draft genome. The obtained genome size of the PCC was 2.81 Gb with a contig N50 of 108 Mb and 92.59% complete BUSCOs. This genome size is similar to the genome references of Bos taurus and B. indicus. In addition, we identified 40.22% of repetitive DNA of the genome assembly, of which retroelements occupy 32.39% of the total genome. A total of 19,803 protein-coding genes were annotated in the PCC genome. Fo...

Early assessment of crop development is a key aspect of precision agriculture. Shortening the time of response before a deficit of irrigation, nutrients and damage by diseases is one of the usual concerns in agriculture. Early prediction of crop yields can increase profitability in the farmer's economy. In this study we aimed to predict the yield of four maize commercial hybrids (Dekalb7508, Advanta9313, MH_INIA619 and Exp_05PMLM) using remotely sensed spectral vegetation indices (VI). A total of 10 VI (NDVI, GNDVI, GCI, RVI, NDRE, CIRE, CVI, MCARI, SAVI, and CCCI) were considered for evaluating crop yield and plant cover at 31, 39, 42, 46 and 51 days after sowing (DAS). A multivariate analysis was applied using principal component analysis (PCA), linear regression, and r-Pearson correlation. In the present study, highly significant correlations were found between plant cover with VIs at...

The creole cattle was originated after the introduction of cattle into America 5 centuries ago. Currently, the production traits of Peruvian creole cattle is scarcely known. An important characteristic of the creole cattle is its adaptability to different extreme environments. However, to date, molecular studies in Peruvian creole cattle are still scarce. Currently, due to the advances in molecular genetics, a new generation of molecular markers has been developed for the genetic characterization of livestock. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have become a very popular tool for the genetic study of livestock populations. Genome-wide SNP chips were developed for multi-breed genetic studies in cattle.

The Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) is a neglected breed, and is an essential livestock resource in the Andean region of Peru. To develop a modern breeding program and conservation strategies for the PCC, a better understanding of the genetics of this breed is needed. We sequenced the whole genome of the PCC using a paired-end 150 strategy on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, obtaining 320 GB of sequencing data. The obtained genome size of the PCC was 2.77 Gb with a contig N50 of 108Mb and 92.59% complete BUSCOs. Also, we identified 40.22% of repetitive DNA of the genome assembly, of which retroelements occupy 32.39% of the total genome. A total of 19,803 protein-coding genes were annotated in the PCC genome. We downloaded proteomes and genomes of the Bovinae subfamily, and conducted a comparative analysis with our draft genome. Phylogenomic analysis showed that PCC is related to Bos indicu...

The population of Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) is decreasing mainly due to the introduction of more productive breeds in recent years. We report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a PCC bull for the first time. This genome was 16,339 bp in length with the base composition 31.43% A, 28.64% T, 26.81% C, and 13.12% G. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. Among the 37 genes, 28 were positioned on the H-strand and 9 were positioned on the L-strand. The most frequently used codons were CUA (Leucine), AUA (Isoleucine), AUU (Isoleucine), AUC (Isoleucine) and ACA (Threonine). Maximum likelihood analysis clearly demonstrated that PCC are strongly related to a native African breed, giving insights into the maternal ancestry of PCC. The annotated mitochondrial genome of PCC would serve as an important genetic data set for...

Cattle spread throughout the American continent during the colonization years, originating creole breeds that adapted to a wide range of climate conditions. The population of creole cattle in Peru is decreasing mainly due to the introduction of more productive breeds in recent years. During the last 15 years, there has been significant progress in cattle genomics. However, little is known about the genetics of the Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) despite its importance to (i) improving productivity in the Andean region, (ii) agricultural labor, and (iii) cultural traditions. In addition, the origin and phylogenetic relationship of the PCC are still unclear. In order to promote the conservation of the PCC, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of a creole bull, which also possessed exceptional fighting skills and was employed for agricultural tasks, from the highlands of Arequipa for the firs...

The alpaca population mostly consists of the Huacaya phenotype and is widely distributed in Southern Peru. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure of two Huacaya alpaca populations (Ajoyani and Quimsachata) using fourteen and twelve microsatellite markers for each population, respectively. A total of 168 alpaca biological samples were outsourced to Peruvian laboratories for DNA extraction and genotyping. For genetic diversity, observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), and fixation indices values were estimated. An admixture analysis was performed for the population structure analysis. Different programs were used for these estimations. In total, 133 (Ajoyani) and 129 (Quimsachata) alleles were found, with a range of 4 to 17 by locus. The mean HO, HE, and PIC per marker for Ajoyani were 0.764 ± ...

Early assessment of crop development is a key aspect of precision agriculture. Shortening the time of response before a deficit of irrigation, nutrients and damage by diseases is one of the usual concerns in agriculture. Early prediction of crop yields can increase profitability for the farmer’s economy. In this study, we aimed to predict the yield of four maize commercial hybrids (Dekalb7508, Advanta9313, MH_INIA619 and Exp_05PMLM) using vegetation indices (VIs). A total of 10 VIs (NDVI, GNDVI, GCI, RVI, NDRE, CIRE, CVI, MCARI, SAVI, and CCCI) were considered for evaluating crop yield and plant cover at 31, 39, 42, 46 and 51 days after sowing (DAS). A multivariate analysis was applied using principal component analysis (PCA), linear regression, and r-Pearson correlation. Highly significant correlations were found between plant cover with VIs at 46 (GNDVI, GCI, RVI, NDRE, CIRE and CCCI...