Mitochondrial DNA variations of Peruvian honey bee populations were surveyed by using the tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic region. Only two studies have characterized these populations, indicating the presence of Africanized honey bee colonies in different regions of Peru and varied levels of Africanization, but the current status of its genetic diversity is unknown. A total of 512 honey bee colonies were sampled from three regions to characterize them. Our results revealed the presence of European and African haplotypes: the African haplotypes identified belong to sub-lineage AI (13) and sub-lineage AIII (03), and the European haplotypes to lineages C (06) and M (02). Of 24 haplotypes identified, 15 new sequences are reported here (11 sub-lineage AI, 2 sub-lineage AIII, and 2 lineage M). Peruvian honey bee populations presented a higher proportion from African than European haplotypes. High prop...

A large-scale survey of the Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) diversity patterns, using sequence data of the tRNAleu-cox2 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region, demonstrates that earlier studies based on the DraI test missed significant components of genetic variation. Based on results from this survey, existing haplotype names were revised and updated following a nomenclature system established earlier and extended herein for the intergenic region. A more complete picture of the complex diversity patterns of IHBs is revealed that includes 164 novel haplotypes, 113 belonging to lineage A and 51 to lineage M and within lineage A and 69 novel haplotypes that belong to sub-lineage AI, 13 to AII, and 31 to AIII. Within lineage M, two novel haplotypes show a striking architecture with features of lineages A and M, which based on sequence comparisons and relationships among haplotypes a...

Tillandsia landbeckii Phil. is a vulnerable species belonging to the terrestrial Bromeliaceae family; it is highly adapted to extremely hyper-arid conditions of the Atacama Desert and Peruvian deserts. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated its chloroplast genome. T. landbeckii chloroplast genome is 159,131 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region of 87,164 bp, a small single-copy region of 18,521 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,723 bp. The GC content of the chloroplast genome is 37.33%. It encodes a total of 132 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree indicates that T. landbeckii is placed within the Bromeliaceae family and has a close relationship with T. marconae with 100% support.

Tillandsia marconae Till & Vitek (Bromeliaceae) is a rare plant native species that grows over sand, in the coastal desert from Perú and Chile and is considered an endangered species. In this study, we assembled its chloroplast genome. The draft chloroplast genome of T. marconae is ca. 158,873 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region of 86,937 bp, a small single-copy region of 18,506 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,715 bp. The GC content of the draft chloroplast genome is 37.4%. It encodes a total of 135 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and three pseudogenes. The phylogenetic tree indicated that T. marconae is placed within the Bromeliaceae family and a close relationship with Tillandsia usneoides with 100% support.

Estudia los complejos patrones de variación de la abeja ibérica (Apis mellifera iberiensis) de la zona híbrida que utiliza el ARNt altamente polimórfico mitocondrial leu-cox2, polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNP) de la región y del genoma nuclear. Analiza un marcador PCR-RFLP, conocido como prueba DraI, en el tRNAleu-cox2 región intergénica de colonias muestreadas en Portugal. Usando esta prueba, 16 nuevos haplotipos se identificó de la ascendencia africana, 15 pertenecientes al sublinaje AIII y 1 al sublinaje AI. El resultado sugiere que el lado atlántico de la Península Ibérica es un importante reservorio de diversidad que se ha pasado por alto debido al submuestreo en estudios anteriores.

El Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI), a través del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) conserva una de las colecciones más importantes de tomate silvestre en el Perú. Tal es así que, la Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología (DRGB), por intermedio de la Subdirección de Recursos Genéticos (SDRG) custodia un total de 156 accesiones de tomate silvestre que corresponden a siete especies: Solanum pimpinellifolium, S. pennellii, S. corneliomuelleri, S. neorickii, S. chmielewskii, S. habrochaites, S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme y S. lycopersicum var. lycopersicum, que poseen rasgos de interés agronómico y concentran genes de respuesta positiva a factores bióticos (plagas) abióticos (estrés hídrico, salino, frío, calor, etc.). Con la finalidad de mostrar y valorar la diversidad morfológica del tomate silvestre del Perú, el INIA presenta ...

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The availability of powerful high-throughput genomic tools, combined with genome scans, has helped identifying genes and genetic changes responsible for environmental adaptation in many organisms, including the honeybee. Here, we resequenced 87 whole genomes of the honeybee native to Iberia and used conceptually different selection methods (Samβada, LFMM, PCAdapt, iHs) together with in sillico protein modelling to search for selection footprints along environmental gradients. We found 670 outlier SNPs, most of which associated with precipitation, longitude and latitude. Over 88.7% SNPs laid outside exons and there was a significant enrichment in regions adjacent to exons and UTRs. Enrichment was also detected in exonic regions. Furthermore, in silico protein modelling suggests that several non-synonymous SNPs are likely direct targets of selection, as they lead to amino acid replacement...

The main biological threat to the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, largely because it vectors lethal epidemics of honeybee viruses that, in the absence of this mite, are relatively innocuous. The severe pathology is a direct consequence of excessive virus titres caused by this novel transmission route. However, little is known about how the virus adapts genetically during transmission and whether this influences the pathology. Here, we show that upon injection into honeybee pupae, the deformed wing virus type-A (DWV-A) quasispecies undergoes a rapid, extensive expansion of its sequence space, followed by strong negative selection towards a uniform, common shape by the time the pupae have completed their development, with no difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic adults in either DWV titre or genetic composition. This suggests that the ph...

Here, we report the prediction of vegetative stages variables of canary bean crop by means of RGB and multispectral images obtained from UAV during the ripening stage, correlating the vegetation indices with biometric variables measured manually in the field. Results indicated a highly significant correlation of plant height with eight RGB image vegetation indices for the canary bean crop, which were used for predictive models, obtaining a maximum correlation of R2 = 0.79. On the other hand, the estimated indices of multispectral images did not show significant correlations.

7 páginas

Here, we report the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Cinchona officinalis. This cp genome has a 156,984 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (83,929 bp) and an 18,051 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (27,502 bp). The total GC content was 37.75%. Quina tree chloroplast genome possesses 135 genes that consisted of 89 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, eight rRNA, and one pseudogene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. officinalis is sister to C. pubescens and sister to them is Isertia laevis; all belong to the Cinchonoideae sub-family.

The tRNAleu-COX2 intergenic region of the mitochondrial DNA has been used for assessing diversity in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations worldwide. However, differential mutation rates in different partitions of the mitogenome may produce incongruent results. In this study, we sequenced 123 mitogenomes of 7 subspecies from lineages A, M, and C. This allowed generating a comprehensive dataset to investigate the phylogenetic and phylogeographic congruence among the mitogenome, individual genes, and the tRNAleu-COX2 region. We showed that the diversity patterns inferred from the tRNAleu-COX2 marker are not fully paralleled by those obtained with the mitogenome and the individual genes; while the three lineages are supported by these, the African sub-lineages and the haplotypes are not. Thus, conclusions drawn from the tRNAleu-COX2 region need to be taken with caution and this marker m...

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16 páginas

The 5.5-Mb genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis strain UNMSM10RA, isolated from potato crop soil, is reported in this study. The strain UNMSM10RA contains 5,347 protein-coding sequences, 105 tRNA genes, 15 rRNA genes, and 5 noncoding RNA (ncRNA) genes, with an average G+C content of 35.1%. Within protein-coding genes, 31 were detected and identified in the metabolism of heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, and copper. Further analyses will be performed and provide more information for understanding the evolution of these Bacillus thuringiensis strains and their potential uses.

In this study, we sequenced the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of a Peruvian chili pepper landrace, “arnacucho” (Capsicum chinense). This cp genome has a 156,931 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (87,325 bp) and a 17,912 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,847 bp); and the percentage of GC content was 37.71%. Arnaucho chili pepper chloroplast genome possesses 133 genes that consists of 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, eight rRNA, and two pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this Peruvian chili pepper landrace is closely related to the undomesticated species C. galapagoense; all belong to the Capsiceae tribe.

Sweet cucumber (Solanum muricatum) sect. Basarthrum is a neglected horticultural crop native to the Andean region. It is naturally distributed very close to other two Solanum crops of high importance, potatoes, and tomatoes. To date, molecular tools for this crop remain undetermined. In this study, the complete sweet cucumber chloroplast (cp) genome was obtained and compared with seven Solanaceae species. The cp genome of S. muricatum was 155,681 bp in length and included a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,182 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,360 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 25,568 bp. The cp genome possessed 87 protein-coding genes (CDS), 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one pseudogene. Furthermore, 48 perfect microsatellites were identified. These repeats were mainly located in the noncoding regions. Who...

Sweet cucumber (Solanum muricatum) sect. Basarthrum is a neglected horticultural crop native of the Andean region. It is naturally distributed very close to other two Solanum crops of high importance, potatoes and tomatoes. To date, molecular tools for this crop are still undetermined. In this study, the complete sweet cucumber chloroplast (cp) genome was obtained and compared with seven Solanaceae species. The cp genome of S. muricatum had a 155,681 bp in length with included a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,182 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,360 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 25,568 bp. The cp genome possessed 88 protein-coding genes (CDS), 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one pseudogene. Furthermore, 48 perfect microsatellites were identified, divided in mononucleotide repeats (32), followed by tetran...