We explored the concentration patterns of the bioactive metabolite plumericin produced by Himatanthus tarapotensis (Apocynaceae) under different edaphic conditions and variations in rainfall intensity, as well as its potential role in the chemical defense against insect herbivores. Values of plumericin concentration from leaves were obtained by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, and evaluated as a function of differences in soil types, variation of precipitation, and variation of the abundance of insect herbivores, using first a Repeated Measures Correlation (rmcorr) and then a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) analysis. Plumericin concentration is highly variable among plants, but with a significantly higher concentration in plants growing on clay soil compared to that of the white-sand soil habitat (p < 0.001). Plumericin concentration is not affected by precipitation. The cat...

Estudia un método basado en el análisis de partículas de carbón presentes en el estrato mineral del suelo para reconstruir la historia paleoecológica del conjunto de poblaciones aisladas de haya presentes en el suroeste de Francia (Landes de Gascogne). Evalúa si el haya permaneció el último máximo glaciar en refugios crípticos en el suroeste de Francia, y explora si el origen de estas poblaciones es relicto o antrópico. No hay evidencia directa de la persistencia de haya durante el último máximo glaciar debido a la ausencia de datos C14 en ese periodo. La resolución espacial local del método usado permitió inferir que el microclima húmedo de las localidades evaluadas pudo haber amortiguado el clima glacial regional.

El Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI), a través del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) conserva una de las colecciones más importantes de tomate silvestre en el Perú. Tal es así que, la Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología (DRGB), por intermedio de la Subdirección de Recursos Genéticos (SDRG) custodia un total de 156 accesiones de tomate silvestre que corresponden a siete especies: Solanum pimpinellifolium, S. pennellii, S. corneliomuelleri, S. neorickii, S. chmielewskii, S. habrochaites, S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme y S. lycopersicum var. lycopersicum, que poseen rasgos de interés agronómico y concentran genes de respuesta positiva a factores bióticos (plagas) abióticos (estrés hídrico, salino, frío, calor, etc.). Con la finalidad de mostrar y valorar la diversidad morfológica del tomate silvestre del Perú, el INIA presenta ...

Se presentan los patrones de floración y fructificación de 176 especies de plantas leñosas en bosques de suelos de arena blanca y arcillosos, cercanos a Iquitos. Las observaciones se realizaron cada dos semanas durante un periodo de 12 meses (Abril 2003 - Marzo 2004). En el sitio de estudio se establecieron 10 parcelas de 20 x 50 m, 5 parcelas en cada tipo de hábitat. La floración aconteció con mayor frecuencia de septiembre hasta diciembre, periodo en el cual hubo un incremento en la precipitación. Del mismo modo, hubo una tendencia de fructificación máxima desde noviembre hasta marzo, el cual coincidió con el periodo de mayor precipitación (octubre-diciembre), seguido de un periodo corto de menor precipitación (enero), terminando en febrero, periodo de mayor precipitación. La floración tuvo una duración de 0,5 a 9 meses y la fructificación de 1 a 10 meses. En el bosque ...

Les macrofossiles de charbon de bois enfouis dans le sol sont employés en paléoécologie pour étudier l’histoire écologique des communautés végétales ligneuses. L’approche moderne employant les charbons enfouis dans le sol (pédoanthracologie) s’appuie sur l’identification taxonomique sur la base de l’anatomie du bois à l’aide de guides d’identification et d’une collection d’échantillons de référence (anthracothèque) provenant de la région étudiée. Il n’existe pas encore de collection de référence pour les Landes de Gascogne et leur périphérie. Nous profitons d’une étude pédoanthracologique focalisée sur cette région pour établir une telle collection de 30 échantillons de référence provenant de 29 espèces ligneuses communes dans la région. Nous documentons une approche méthodologique simple et économique pour produire les échantillons...

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Endophytic fungi possess a versatile metabolism which is related to their ability to live in diverse ecological niches. While culturing under laboratory conditions, their metabolism is mainly influenced by the culture media, time of incubation and other physicochemical factors. In this study, we focused on the production of 3 thiodiketopiperazines (TDKPs) botryosulfuranols A−C produced by an endophytic strain of Cophinforma mamane isolated from the leaves of Bixa orellana L collected in the Peruvian Amazon. We studied the time-course production of botryosulfuranols A−C during 28 days and evaluated the variations in the production of secondary metabolites, including the TDKPs, produced by C. mamane in response to different culture media, light versus dark conditions and different incubation times. We observed a short time-frame production of botryosulfuranol C while its production was...

Microbial interactions between filamentous fungi and yeast are still not fully understood. To evaluate a potential antifungal activity of a filamentous fungus while highlighting metabolomic changes, co-cultures between an endophytic strain of Cophinforma mamane (CM) and Candida albicans (CA) were performed. The liquid cultures were incubated under static conditions and metabolite alterations during the course were investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrophotometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Results were analyzed using MS-DIAL, MS-FINDER, METLIN, Xcalibur, SciFinder, and MetaboAnalyst metabolomics platforms. The metabolites associated with catabolic processes, including the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, carnitine, and phospholipids were upregulated both in the mono and co-cultures, indicating fungal adaptability to environmental stress. Several metabo...

Endophytic fungi possess a versatile metabolism which is related to their ability to live in diverse ecological niches. While culturing under laboratory conditions, their metabolism is mainly influenced by the culture media, time of incubation and other physicochemical factors. In this study, we focused on the production of 3 thiodiketopiperazines (TDKPs) botryosulfuranols A−C produced by an endophytic strain of Cophinforma mamane isolated from the leaves of Bixa orellana L collected in the Peruvian Amazon. We studied the time-course production of botryosulfuranols A−C during 28 days and evaluated the variations in the production of secondary metabolites, including the TDKPs, produced by C. mamane in response to different culture media, light versus dark conditions and different incubation times. We observed a short time-frame production of botryosulfuranol C while its production was...

El género Abuta constituye el segundo taxón más diverso dentro de las Menispermaceae neotropicales. La presente investigación documenta las 12 especies registradas en territorio peruano, proporcionando una caracterización morfológica detallada de cada taxón, sintetizada en una clave dicotómica para su identificación. Se presenta documentación fotográfica de especímenes, tanto in situ como preservados en herbario, para todas las especies excepto A. aristeguietae. Adicionalmente, se analiza la distribución geográfica de cada especie, tanto a nivel nacional como global. Es importante señalar que la limitada disponibilidad de especímenes fértiles, frecuentemente restringidos a un solo sexo (ya sea ejemplares estaminados o pistilados), ha representado un desafío significativo para el análisis comparativo interespecífico. Abuta grandifolia destaca como la especie de mayor d...

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The Andean-Amazonian landscape has been universally recognized for its wide biodiversity, and is considered as global repository of ecosystem services. However, the severe loss of forest cover and rapid reduction of the timber species seriously threaten this ecosystem and biodiversity. In this study, we have modeled the distribution of the ten most exploited timber forest species in Amazonas (Peru) to identify priority areas for forest conservation and restoration. Statistical and cartographic protocols were applied with 4454 species records and 26 environmental variables using a Maximum Entropy model (MaxEnt). The result showed that the altitudinal variable was the main regulatory factor that significantly controls the distribution of the species. We found that nine species are distributed below 1000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), except Cedrela montana, which was distributed above 1500 m ...

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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Fungal and bacterial infections remain a major problem worldwide, requiring the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Solanum mammosum L. (Solanaceae) (“teta de vaca”) is used in traditional medicine in Peru to treat fungal infections and respiratory disorders via topical application. However, the mechanism of action remains unknown, particularly in light of its chemical composition. Materials and methods: The antifungal activity of TDV was determined against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans using bioautography-TLC-HRMS to rapidly identify the active compounds. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fruit crude extract and the active compound was determined to precisely evaluate the antifungal activity. Additionally, the effects of the most active compound on the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms a...

Scientific-technological knowledge maintains the anthropocentric power-pattern and exploitive attitude with regard to nature, but sustainability science asks for an integration of territorial and decontextualized knowledge systems. Visual participatory methodologies involving diverse local stakeholder facilitate dialogue on environmental and sustainability issues. Inspired by visual ethnography and mediated discourse analysis, the present article uses semiological analysis to reconstruct the depicted narratives on the nature-society system in drawings representing “regional development”. The drawings were elaborated in a series of participatory workshops involving university faculty and students, regional government and non-governmental organizations and farmers from local communities in the northern Amazonian region of Peru. The analysis reveals a prevailing anthropo and technology ...