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1
tesis de maestría
The thesis has two purposes: The first one is to build a mathematical model that better approximates (with respect to the mathematical model in [2]) to the behaviour of the wine fermentation process with the addition of certain amount of nitrogen at some instant of time, based in [2]. This mathematical model is described by mean ordinary differential equations including some parameters which will be identified solving some optimization problems. The second purpose of the thesis is to study the improved model but introducing some control variables in order to stabilize in an appropriated sense the corresponding dynamical system of the new model. This is a kind of MIMO nonlinear system control problems and will be solved using the tools in [6].La tesis tiene dos objetivos: El primero es construir un modelo matemático que aproxime mejor (con respecto al modelo matemático en “Modeling th...
2
tesis de maestría
The thesis has two purposes: The first one is to build a mathematical model that better approximates (with respect to the mathematical model in [2]) to the behaviour of the wine fermentation process with the addition of certain amount of nitrogen at some instant of time, based in [2]. This mathematical model is described by mean ordinary differential equations including some parameters which will be identified solving some optimization problems. The second purpose of the thesis is to study the improved model but introducing some control variables in order to stabilize in an appropriated sense the corresponding dynamical system of the new model. This is a kind of MIMO nonlinear system control problems and will be solved using the tools in [6].
3
artículo
Cocoa beans fermentation is a spontaneous process of post-harvest very important for the development of chocolate aroma and flavor, which involves a number of complex microbial activities. In this work, we identify the microorganisms present in cocoa beans before, during and after the fermentation process, applying DNA sequencing analysis and MALDI TOF / TOF mass spectrometry. With the first method, the predominant bacteria and yeast identified were Lactobacillus plantarum (29%), L. brevis (18%), Bacillus cereus (15%), Pediococcus acidilactici (12%), and Pichia kudriavzevii (100%). The most important peptide sequences of each identified strain by mass fingerprint were characterized too. By the second method, 51 species of microorganisms being 73.7% bacterial species and 26.3% yeast species were identified. Additionally peptide sequences responsible Vicilin protein characteristic aroma of...
4
artículo
Cocoa beans fermentation is a spontaneous process of post-harvest very important for the development of chocolate aroma and flavor, which involves a number of complex microbial activities. In this work, we identify the microorganisms present in cocoa beans before, during and after the fermentation process, applying DNA sequencing analysis and MALDI TOF / TOF mass spectrometry. With the first method, the predominant bacteria and yeast identified were Lactobacillus plantarum (29%), L. brevis (18%), Bacillus cereus (15%), Pediococcus acidilactici (12%), and Pichia kudriavzevii (100%). The most important peptide sequences of each identified strain by mass fingerprint were characterized too. By the second method, 51 species of microorganisms being 73.7% bacterial species and 26.3% yeast species were identified. Additionally peptide sequences responsible Vicilin protein characteristic aroma of...
5
artículo
Mining and metallurgical activity produces liquid effluents as a waste during the extraction process, which must be treated in order to be disposed in the environment, following governmental and environmental legislation. Big and medium size mining industry carry on environmental projects as it is the trend worldwide, but small size and informal mining did not have between its priorities the environmental issue due to the lack of research on clean technologies related to this sector which finally could influence in make more efficient its processes. The main aim of the research is centered on propose solutions with an experimental basis for design and dimension of containers in processes with chemical precipitation and cementing of dissolved metals in liquid effluents. Laboratory tests are detailed for cementing copper from liquid effluents by means of light scrap iron which allows recov...
6
artículo
Mining and metallurgical activity produces liquid effluents as a waste during the extraction process, which must be treated in order to be disposed in the environment, following governmental and environmental legislation. Big and medium size mining industry carry on environmental projects as it is the trend worldwide, but small size and informal mining did not have between its priorities the environmental issue due to the lack of research on clean technologies related to this sector which finally could influence in make more efficient its processes. The main aim of the research is centered on propose solutions with an experimental basis for design and dimension of containers in processes with chemical precipitation and cementing of dissolved metals in liquid effluents. Laboratory tests are detailed for cementing copper from liquid effluents by means of light scrap iron which allows recov...
7
artículo
The chemical composition and apparent digestibility of nutrients of the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of waste taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott) inoculated with natural yogurt fed to growing pigs was determined. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ash, ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extracts (NFE) and gross energy (GE) were determined. For the study of apparent digestibility of the MS, MO, CP, CF, NFE and GE, 12 castrated Landrace x Duroc x Pietrain male pigs of 25 ± 2 kg were used, distributed in three groups with four animals each and fed with diets containing 0, 10, and 20% of SSF (T0, T10 and T20, respectively). The SSF presented high content of DM (83.33%), OM (93.77%), CP (13.95%), NFE (72.78%) and GE (4162.13 kcal kg MS-1) and low levels of EE (1.50%), CF (5.54%) and ashes (6.23%). The highest digestibility coefficients of th...
8
artículo
The chemical composition and apparent digestibility of nutrients of the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of waste taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott) inoculated with natural yogurt fed to growing pigs was determined. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ash, ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extracts (NFE) and gross energy (GE) were determined. For the study of apparent digestibility of the MS, MO, CP, CF, NFE and GE, 12 castrated Landrace x Duroc x Pietrain male pigs of 25 ± 2 kg were used, distributed in three groups with four animals each and fed with diets containing 0, 10, and 20% of SSF (T0, T10 and T20, respectively). The SSF presented high content of DM (83.33%), OM (93.77%), CP (13.95%), NFE (72.78%) and GE (4162.13 kcal kg MS-1) and low levels of EE (1.50%), CF (5.54%) and ashes (6.23%). The highest digestibility coefficients of th...
9
artículo
Objective: To determine in vitro microleakage in lithium disilicate veneers cemented with resin cement and thermally modified resin. Materials and methods: An in vitro study was conducted using 20 maxillary premolars, on which lithium disilicate veneers were cemented. The specimens were divided into two groups of ten samples each. Each tooth was prepared on the vestibular surface for subsequent veneer fabrication. In Group 1, veneers were cemented with resin cement (Nexus-3), whereas in Group 2, thermally modified resin (Herculite Précis™) was used. Subsequently, the teeth underwent a thermocycling process and were immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for five days, after which sagittal sections were performed for observation under an optical microscope. Results: A higher percentage of microleakage was observed in the group cemented with resin cement (47.5%; n = 19) compared to th...
10
artículo
Mining or industrial activity? This is not only an ancient question in Peruvian mining sector but a key issue for domestic and foreign private investment on cement. Since few years ago, cement manufacturing process has been being qualified and regulated by the Peruvian Mining Authority as a mining benefit process which implies the obligation to obtain a benefit mining concession previously. However, upon a review of the technical process aspects, the legal framework in force and a recent judgment enacted by the Constitutional Court of Peru regarding this topic, the position traditionally assumed by the Ministry of Energy and Miningcould be reconsidered.
11
artículo
Mining or industrial activity? This is not only an ancient question in Peruvian mining sector but a key issue for domestic and foreign private investment on cement. Since few years ago, cement manufacturing process has been being qualified and regulated by the Peruvian Mining Authority as a mining benefit process which implies the obligation to obtain a benefit mining concession previously. However, upon a review of the technical process aspects, the legal framework in force and a recent judgment enacted by the Constitutional Court of Peru regarding this topic, the position traditionally assumed by the Ministry of Energy and Miningcould be reconsidered.
12
artículo
This article describes the cementation process of leached solutions from copper sulphide ores being and without being toasted. With favorable results in this study, we get the pattern for the feasibility of moving from the classical technology of concentration to the technology of cementation of copper sulfide minerals containing silver and gold. Simulation steps have been performed considering the different variables involved in the process such as time, agitation, solution concentration, pH and others. A kinetic model of copper cementation from PLS solutions purified by Solvent Extraction (SX) has been developed and it has the following form: C = 6.08 exp (- 0.03 t) Recoveries were obtained greater than 90% copper, which gives the possibility to improve the costs of national ores and con- centrates, as well as to open a favorable scenario for new national metallurgical projects.
13
artículo
This article describes the cementation process of leached solutions from copper sulphide ores being and without being toasted. With favorable results in this study, we get the pattern for the feasibility of moving from the classical technology of concentration to the technology of cementation of copper sulfide minerals containing silver and gold. Simulation steps have been performed considering the different variables involved in the process such as time, agitation, solution concentration, pH and others. A kinetic model of copper cementation from PLS solutions purified by Solvent Extraction (SX) has been developed and it has the following form: C = 6.08 exp (- 0.03 t) Recoveries were obtained greater than 90% copper, which gives the possibility to improve the costs of national ores and con- centrates, as well as to open a favorable scenario for new national metallurgical projects.
14
artículo
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of saponins derived from Chenopodium quinoa by-products on methane (CH4) production in a ruminal fermentation system under in vitro conditions. Additionally, the study included the analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and true dry matter digestibility (TDMD). The saponin extracts obtained from three quinoa varieties were Altiplano (AS), Quillahuaman (QS), and Salcedo (SS), and were tested at six different doses (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0mg/mL) each. Rumen fluid was obtained from two fistulated Junín breed sheep, with alfalfa hay (AH) and a 1:1 mixture of maize and bran (MB) was used as basal substrates. The data were processed in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. The CH4 per dry matter (mL/g DM), after 24h of incubation significantly decreased, acetate molar concentration decreased (p<0.05) with A...
15
artículo
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to address a company valuation procedure by explaining the steps that must be followed from an economic-financial perspective. Design/methodology: We employ the study case methodology to fulfill all the procedure stages. Specifically, we analyze the Peruvian cement company “Cementos Pacasmayo”. A 10-year discounted cash flow (DCF) is presented and brought to present value using a discount rate (WACC) composed by the cost of debt and the cost of capital of the company. Findings: We can conclude that the evaluation process should always include the country, industry and company. Practical implications: Our study provides useful implications for management. On the one hand, it is important to highlight the subjectivity to predict some parameters or doing assumptions. On the other hand, it is important to understand and know a good procedure to valuate a...
16
artículo
A partir de minerales sulfurados de cobre-zinc del Complejo Marañón de la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes peruanos mediante procesos metalúrgicos integrados se ha obtenido cementos de cobre de buena calidad, lo cual facilita la viabilidad de dar valor tecnológico a los concentrados nacionales de cobre. El monitoreo de los productos obtenidos empleando técnicas combinadas de caracterización tales como difracción de rayos X, y espectroscopia Mössbauer nos permite tener una mejor información de las especies participantes y además nos ayuda a controlar y optimizar mejor los procesos metalúrgicos. Con la Ecuación Cinética de cementación se han procedido a realizar simulaciones del proceso considerando las variables involucradas en el proceso tales como tiempo, agitación, concentración de soluciones, pH entre otros. Se reportan recuperaciones mayores del 70% de cobre lo cual n...
17
artículo
It has been obtained a good quality copper cement from copper-zinc sulphides ores of the east peruvian Andes at Marañon complex zone using integrated metallurgical processes, that makes easier the possibility to give technological value to peruvian concentrates of copper. Monitoring obtained products employing combined techniques such the X-Ray diffraction or the Mössbauer spectroscopy allow us to have a better information of the existing elements and help to control and optimize the metallurgical processes. With the Cementation Cinetic Equation there have been carried out simulations of the process, considering the process related variables, like time, agitation, solution concentration, pH, etc. Recovery has reported up to 70% of copper, that gives the way to improve national ore and concentrate extraction costs and open a great possibility to apply it to postergated small and medium ...
18
artículo
We wish to thank Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET) collection for supplying the strains. We would also like to thank IBRAC and Sealed Air-Brazil that provided the additives and packaging, respectively. M. Almeida received the support of the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), PhD scholarship from Brazil and E. Saldaña received the support of the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - CONCYTEC” from Perú (CIENCIACTIVA programme, PhD scholarship contract agreement No. 104-2016-FONDECYT). This study was financially supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Project No.2012/07113-2; project AGL2012-32146 from MINECO (Spain) and PIP2011-0100406 and PIP2015-0530 from CONICET.
19
tesis de grado
This research presents a comprehensive approach to the design, control, and structure of an innovative fermentation machine for the production of Tocosh from potato fermentation. In order to achieve this objective, a thorough analysis of the various crucial parameters involved in the fermentation process has been carried out. The main objective of the design proposal is the real-time monitoring of essential factors such as pH and temperature in the process. To achieve this, a control system has been designed that will allow precise and constant monitoring of the temperature and pH parameters, and monitoring of the water level was also carried out to improve the quality of the product. Furthermore, the structural analysis of the fermentation chamber is addressed in detail, using Inventor software for the creation of three- dimensional models of each component and for the generation of the...
20
artículo
Context: Ceramic veneers are shown as an excellent alternative to improve dental aesthetics with ideal optical and mechanical properties. The objective of this study, was to evaluate the influence of the cementing agent and artificial aging on the veneer´s color. Material and Methods: For this, 30 human premolars were carved to receive veneers made with 0.5mm thick porcelain of the same color. The tooth-veneer sets were randomly separated into three groups (n = 10). A first color measurement was performed on each tooth using the Vita Easyshade colorimeter. The cementing process was carried out according to the group, with RelyX ultimate cement, RelyX Veneer and Tetric-N-Flow fluid resin; performing the color measurement. After heat aging treatment, the sets were subjected to a new color evaluation. Results: The data obtained from the measurements, were analyzed by ANOVA with Games - How...