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1
artículo
Publicado 2011
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The consumer must also be clearly aware that today the purchase of reams of white paper implies the felling of trees, consequently, an attitude of "sustainable consumption" according to the preferred definition for the term proposed at the Oslo Symposium in 1994 and adopted by the third session of the United Nations Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD III) in 1995, where it was defined as: "The use of goods and services that respond to basic needs and provide a better quality of life, at the same time that minimize the use of natural resources, toxic materials, and emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle, in such a way that the needs of future generations are not jeopardized", a definition that is also connected with the most common internationally. of "sustainable development" which is used by the Brundtland Commission: "Sustainable development is that development ...
2
artículo
Publicado 2023
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As per the latest survey produced by the Forest Survey, the forest cover is 19.27% of the geographic area. According to this report every country can meet the human needs of 16% of the world’s population from the 1% of the world’s forest resource. The Forest Survey said that 90% of the forest fires created by humans. They pose a threat not only to the forest wealth but also this leads to the main threat to biodiversity, a change in the ecosystem. The environment gets dry and twinges, which leads to produce flames in the forest. There are two types of forest fire i) Surface Fire and ii) Crown Fire iii) Ground Fire. Surface Fire: The forest fire starts its flame primarily as a surface fire, spreading along the ground with the help of dry grasses and so on. Crown Fire: It starts flame on the crown of the shrubs, bushes and trees and sustained on the surface. This type of fire is very da...
3
tesis de grado
Publicado 2025
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Forest fires are one of the main problems that affect biodiversity and forest heterogeneity, which are caused by human or natural activities and even driven by climate change. The objective of this study was to analyze the severity of forest fires with the NBR index (Normalized Burn Ratio) in highland areas of Peru, and evaluate the vegetative recovery of forest species in the affected area with the NDVI index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). As a result, it was obtained that the type of vegetation in the affected area is the Andean Pajonal, the level of severity in the study area ranges from low to moderately high, with low severity being the predominant one, which occupies 57,562% of the study area. The NDVI evaluation of 2 weeks before, 2 weeks after and 3 months after the event show that there is a vegetative regeneration of the vegetation cover, two weeks after the event in...
4
artículo
Publicado 2023
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Forest fires are a potential threat to life, as they contribute to reducing forest areas, impact on the services we expect from ecosystems, the health of the inhabitants is affected by smoke and the economic costs for the recovery of affected areas is high. The objective of the study is to apply fuzzy logic to model the risk of forest fires in the Cajamarca-Peru region, incorporating variables that represent biological, topographic, socioeconomic, and meteorological factors. The analysis was based on the acquisition, editing and rasterization of the database, application of fuzzy membership functions and image fuzzification, fuzzy superposition and spatial reclassification of forest fire risk. The results obtained show that 71.68% of the area is under very low or medium forest fire risk. However, 28.32% of the study area has a high to very high fire risk, which makes the occurrence of fi...
5
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Biosphere Reserves are considered learning spaces for sustainable development; in this sense, the objective was to measure sustainable development in the Oxapampa-Asháninka-Yánesha Biosphere Reserve during its first five-year recognition by UNESCO; for this, five districts integrated in the area of the biosphere reserve have been defined as the unit of analysis (Chontabamba, Huancabamba, Oxapampa, Pozuzo and Villa Rica). Based on 111 indicators proposed by the UN and the SDGs, 39 strategic indicators were defined, which were standardized using the Z-score and successively the data grouping by the principal components analysis technique (PCA); for which 12 new instruments have been generated, assigning new labels. The Z-score of the current indicator is converted with the standard normal percentile method with a theoretical value between 0 and 100; to obtain the annual sub-indices (soci...
6
artículo
Publicado 2016
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Fire is an important element in the development of ecosystems, however when it is spread out of control in areas such as forests and woodlands, the negative effects to the environment and ecosystems are considerable. The Natural Protected Area of Flora and Fauna of Maderas del Carmen (ANPFFMC) is no exception, so the main objective of this work was mapping the rate of forest fuel from the forest of conifers of the ANPFFMC, through the estimation of dead fuels and the burden of the organic layer. 22 conglomerates were sampled, the vegetation was delimited through the classification of a Landsat-8 satellite image. The results allowed mapping the rate of risk of forest fire through the statistical interpolation method “spline with barriers” generating a barrier of the supervised image interpolation. The average values obtained for 1 hour fuels were 1.22 t-ha-1, to 5.24 hours t-ha-1, for...
7
tesis de maestría
Publicado 2020
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Gold extraction via small scale mining in the Amazon rainforest of Peru has become one of the greatest threats to deforestation and land degradation in the Amazon, especially in the Madre de Dios region which is one of the last biggest remnants of continuous tropical rainforest in the world. Restoration of these degraded ecosystems have become a priority in the last decade but without concrete actions, however, few research has been conducted in response to these restoration activities nor natural regeneration. The significance of this research was to 1) To Analyze how gold mining affects forest structure, species richness and diversity in the Amazon Rainforest of Madre de Dios, Peru. 2) To assess variation on diversity levels in secondary successional forest compared to that found in primary forest 3) to identify variations in the gold extraction methods reported in the region and how i...
8
artículo
Publicado 2025
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The use of fire in agriculture has been a fundamental practice since early human societies, playing a key role in land preparation, weed control, and soil fertility management. In the Peruvian Andes, fire remains widely employed by rural communities, despite strict legal prohibitions aimed at reducing wildfire occurrence. However, statistical evidence demonstrates that these punitive policies have failed to curb wildfires, which have instead increased in frequency. This study critically examines the agricultural use of fire in high Andean communities of Cusco, Peru, exploring its socio-cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions. Through ethnographic research and qualitative methodologies, the study identifies the motivations behind fire use, traditional fire-management practices, local and institutional perceptions, and community responses to wildfires. Findings reveal that fire is...
9
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Los factores ambientales influyen de forma positiva o negativa para el establecimiento de la regeneración natural de pinos, los cuales pueden estar ligados con los incendios forestales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las variables ambientales que influyen en el establecimiento de la regeneración natural de pinos en áreas impactadas bajo tres condiciones de severidad de incendios (sin incendio, incendio moderado e incendio extremo) en bosques de pino-encino (Pinus lumholtzii B. L. Rob. & Fernald, Pinus devoniana Lindl., Pinus oocarpa Scheide, Quercus castanea Née, Quercus magnoliifolia Née) en el Estado de Jalisco (México). Para esto se evaluaron distintos parámetros de regeneración natural: arbolado, combustibles vivos y muertos en sitios circulares de ~400 m2. Con los datos obtenidos se realizaron análisis de correlación para identificar las ...
10
artículo
Vascular plants of the headwaters of the Gocta, Chinata and Yumbilla waterfalls, Amazon region, Peru
Publicado 2020
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We present here the diversity of vascular plants from the headwaters of the Gocta, Chinata and Yumbilla Falls, Amazonas region, Peru, 2012. 107 families, 279 genera and 509 species of vascular plants were registered. Pteridophyta presents 19 species in 14 genera and 10 families, Pinophyta, one species; and Magnoliophyta, 489 species in 264 genera and 96 families of this last division; 324 species, 194 genera and 80 families are included in the Magnoliopsida class and 165 species, 70 genera and 16 families are in the Liliopsida class. The Orchidaceae family is the most diverse, with 26 genera and 83 species, followed by the Asteraceae families, with 38 genera and 69 species and Poaceae, with 15 genera and 34 species. The most diverse genera are Epidendrum, with 25 species, followed by Peperomia and Solanum, with 11 species each. 54 species are endemic. The Asteraceae family is the one wit...
11
artículo
Vascular plants of the headwaters of the Gocta, Chinata and Yumbilla waterfalls, Amazon region, Peru
Publicado 2020
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We present here the diversity of vascular plants from the headwaters of the Gocta, Chinata and Yumbilla Falls, Amazonas region, Peru, 2012. 107 families, 279 genera and 509 species of vascular plants were registered. Pteridophyta presents 19 species in 14 genera and 10 families, Pinophyta, one species; and Magnoliophyta, 489 species in 264 genera and 96 families of this last division; 324 species, 194 genera and 80 families are included in the Magnoliopsida class and 165 species, 70 genera and 16 families are in the Liliopsida class. The Orchidaceae family is the most diverse, with 26 genera and 83 species, followed by the Asteraceae families, with 38 genera and 69 species and Poaceae, with 15 genera and 34 species. The most diverse genera are Epidendrum, with 25 species, followed by Peperomia and Solanum, with 11 species each. 54 species are endemic. The Asteraceae family is the one wit...
12
artículo
Publicado 2021
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La deforestación anual en el Perú se ha incrementado a un ritmo veloz y se desconoce el comportamiento de las especies nativas forestales para su repoblación. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento de seis especies forestales nativas en el Centro Experimental Samaniato, departamento del Cusco. El experimento se instaló bajo un diseño experimental de Bloques Completamente al Azar con seis tratamientos (especies) y tres repeticiones, siendo el T1: Colubrina glandulosa (shaina); T2: Cedrela odorata (cedro); T3: Schizolobium amazonicum (pashaco rojo); T4: Copaifera officinalis (copaiba); T5: Parkia sp (tarun tarun) y T6: Swietenia macrophylla (caoba). Los parámetros evaluados fueron: altura total (HT), diámetro al ras del suelo (DARs), porcentaje de sobrevivencia, Incremento Medio Anual (IMA) tanto para la altura y DARs. Se realizó un análisis de varianza y comparacio...
13
Publicado 2020
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El presente informe de ingeniería intitulado “Enfermedades de los árboles forestales” tuvo como objetivo afianzar los conocimientos en el significado de las pérdidas y causas de las enfermedades forestales, conocer las influencias de las enfermedades en los árboles y viveros forestales y conocer los principios del manejo de las enfermedades forestales, y en base a la referencias se analizó y se llegó a la siguientes conclusiones los extremos de temperatura o de humedad pueden causar un daño directo a los árboles, debilitándolos de tal manera que quedan predispuestos al ataque de microorganismos; en décadas recientes, la contaminación del aire ha llegado a niveles tan altos, que ha surgido una grave preocupación por el daño extenso tanto a los bosques como a los árboles urbanos en la mayor parte de las regiones industrializadas del mundo; las bacterias causan enfermedade...
14
informe técnico
Publicado 2019
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar los componentes químicos y principios activos del ácido piroleñoso obtenido de bambú leñoso (Guadua sarcocarpa), pisonay (Erythrina ulei) y cetico (Cecropia sciadophylla), utilizando un horno piloto de destilación seca de la madera. El experimento se desarrolló en las instalaciones de la Sub Estación Experimental-EE Agraria San Gabán (Puno). Se utilizó un diseño DBCA para el análisis de la obtención del ácido piroleñoso a partir de las tres especies utilizando destilación seca a 350 °C por 180 minutos. Para determinar los compuestos orgánicos se realizó un análisis de cromatografía de gases ACG. Para evaluar diferencias significativas en el rendimiento de ácido piroleñoso entre las tres especies se utilizaron el análisis de varianza (ANVA). El ANVA mostró diferencias significativas para el rendimiento de ácido pi...
15
informe técnico
Publicado 2019
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar los componentes químicos y principios activos del ácido piroleñoso obtenido de bambú leñoso (Guadua sarcocarpa), pisonay (Erythrina ulei) y cetico (Cecropia sciadophylla), utilizando un horno piloto de destilación seca de la madera. El experimento se desarrolló en las instalaciones de la Sub Estación Experimental-EE Agraria San Gabán (Puno). Se utilizó un diseño DBCA para el análisis de la obtención del ácido piroleñoso a partir de las tres especies utilizando destilación seca a 350 °C por 180 minutos. Para determinar los compuestos orgánicos se realizó un análisis de cromatografía de gases ACG. Para evaluar diferencias significativas en el rendimiento de ácido piroleñoso entre las tres especies se utilizaron el análisis de varianza (ANVA). El ANVA mostró diferencias significativas para el rendimiento de ácido pi...
16
artículo
Publicado 2025
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Background: Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) are critical pollinators in the Peruvian Amazon, sustaining biodiversity, crop productivity, and indigenous livelihoods. Despite their ecological and economic importance, the effects of deforestation and illegal logging on their populations remain poorly understood. Nesting tree loss, habitat fragmentation, and changes in elevation influence stingless bee distribution, yet conservation efforts remain insufficient due to a lack of spatial data on their vulnerability. Results: This study examines the spatial distribution, elevation trends, and deforestation threats affecting Melipona eburnea and Tetragonisca angustula, with a focus on tree nesting preferences in the Biosphere Reserve Avireri-Vraem. Using literature reviews, field observations, and GPS surveys, we assessed species distribution patterns, deforestation risks, and nesting tree as...
17
tesis de grado
Publicado 2022
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En Perú, un aliado para contrarrestar los incendios forestales es la identificación de puntos vulnerables ante un posible siniestro. El objetivo de esta investigación fue diagnosticar mediante los sistemas de información geográfica, el estudio del riesgo y prevención de incendios forestales en áreas naturales protegidas de Cuzco. El ámbito de análisis estuvo conformada por 6 áreas naturales protegidas, de las cuales se obtuvieron mapas de calor mediante el programa de software libre Qgis en su versión 3.16.8, con radios específicos según su extensión de terreno. Los resultados expresan la identificación de puntos vulnerables ante un posible incendio forestal ubicándolos geográficamente dentro del radio definido, identificándolos con el rango de color según la matriz de riesgos del Manual para la Evaluación de Riesgos del Centro Nacional de Estimación, Prevención y R...
18
tesis de grado
Publicado 2025
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El Perú ha liderado los encabezados en las noticias internacionales, lamentablemente no por un logro o por una situación favorable, la Amazonia se está quemando, estamos sufriendo una de las situaciones que desgraciadamente ya es recurrente en nuestra selva peruana, Según el Instituto de Nacional de Defensa Civil (Indeci), en los últimos cinco años han ocurrido 4837 incendios forestales en todo el país. El 2019 se produjeron 654; el 2020, 1343; el 2021, 817; el 2022, 1432; y, en el 2023, 591 incendios. (2024) Estos datos demuestran que esta problemática ya es recurrente en nuestro país y son diversas las zonas afectadas, desafortunadamente el estado no le da la importancia debida, puesto que carecemos de un plan estratégico vigente para la prevención y gestión de acción para estos desastres. Desde hace ya varios días el Perú está sufriendo una devastadora crisis que está...
19
artículo
The threat of large forest fires is increasing, and the main causes are the depopulation of rural areas, along with the effects of climate change. To counter this threat in recent decades, there have been numerous proposals and actions aimed at promoting grazing in the forest as a tool for controlling biomass fuel. However, the continued disappearance of traditional herds makes this activity difficult. Rural depopulation has also meant that domestic species become feral, being habitual in the case of goats. Currently, little is known about the role that feral goats can play in the fight against forest fires. In this work, an analysis is made on the effect of feral goats on the control of the vegetation in firebreak areas. Furthermore, the effect of attractants, such as water, salt, or food, on goat behavior is also studied. The study was carried out on the island of Mallorca, where a pop...
20
tesis de grado
Publicado 2024
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Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
