Context: Acute inflammation due to persistent stimulation of noxes evolves into chronic inflammation that contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma, arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, aging, and cancer; therefore, it is justified to study plants with anti-inflammatory activity and fewer adverse effects. Aims: To evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of the total flavonoid content of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Senna alata (L.) Roxb (HELSA) in an experimental model of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan in rats. Methods: The total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined by spectrophotometry at 510 nm, total polyphenolic content (TPC) by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity by two in vitro methods. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was determined by the logarithmic method, and acute inflammation was induced by 1% carrageenan in rats. Resul...

El presente trabajo nace en un contexto en el cual la migración y, en especial, la migración laboral, viene presentándose como uno de los mayores hechos sociales, culturales y económicos que condiciona el fortalecimiento de la empleabilidad y la construcción de las trayectorias laborales de aquellas personas que deciden trabajar en un país distinto al de su origen.

En el proceso penal, prevalece como principio esencial de toda su configuración el derecho a la presunción de inocencia, el juez no puede dictar un fallo condenatorio sino en virtud de una actividad probatoria constitucionalmente válida, en cuya práctica se asegure el respeto de los derechos fundamentales y las garantías procesales, y de la que logre constatar la culpabilidad del procesado, concluyendo, sin margen de duda razonable, que aquella verdad interina de inocencia ha quedado plenamente desvirtuada. Esa específica actividad intelectual del juzgador corresponde, precisamente, con la prueba indiciaria. En orden a las ideas expuestas, el trabajo de investigación desarrollado se dirige a contribuir al estudio y discusión en torno a la prueba indiciaria, con el interés de servir de herramienta en el análisis de la compleja labor que desarrollan jueces y magistrados en su fun...

El Objetivo: Establecer los factores intervinientes y adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con fibromialgias. Método: básico, descriptivo y observacional, transversal. La muestra fue de 92 pacientes. Resultados: Los factores con el paciente son la edad el grupo de 26-41 años y la enfermedad prevalece es el sexo femenino. Los factores con la enfermedad crónica es la fibromialgia, las reacciones adversas al medicamento es el dolor en el lugar de la Inyección, la eficacia es buena, el horario es utilizado cada 24 horas de administración de los fármacos, se puede observar que se utiliza de 1-2 fármacos el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad es 1- 5 años. al personal de salud, las consultas se realizan en 10 minutos, la información es buena y la relación MÉDICO-PACIENTE es buena. Conclusión: La adherencia al tratamiento de la fibromialgia es baja. Los factores intervinientes so...

La presente tesis, “LA CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL NEORREALISMO EN LA NOVELA NO UNA, SINO MUCHAS MUERTES DE ENRIQUE CONGRAINS”, tuvo como Objetivo General “Explicar cómo se expresa la caracterización del Neorrealismo en la novela No una, sino muchas muertes de Enrique Congrains” y como Objetivos Específicos “Examinar cómo se configura el contorno social marginal en la novela No una, sino muchas muertes de Enrique Congrains” y “Establecer cómo se presentan los personajes degradados en la novela No una, sino muchas muertes de Enrique Congrains”. La novela se ha desarrollado en base al Neorrealismo, que considera una crítica a la situación social; relata los problemas de la marginación extrema con singular agudeza y precisión en las descripciones de una realidad enmarcada en un lavadero de pomos regentado por una vieja ambiciosa y donde trabaja en condición de esclavitud ...

“Context: Calcareous chitin, chitin, chitosan, and their modifications are used as bioadsorbents of metals and dyes that cause environmental pollution, endocrine disruption, and human diseases. Aims: To evaluate the selective bioadsorption of silver ions (Ag+ ) by calcareous chitin, chitin, and chitosan. Methods: Experimental and prospective study. The presence of functional groups of the bioadsorbents was identified by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H-NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Elovich models were applied to describe the adsorption capacity of bioadsorbents according to granule size (20-40, 40-60, 60-80 meshes) and temperature (10, 20, and 30°C). Results: The FT-IR spectrum of calcareous chitin indicates the presence of carbonate (CO3 = 1420 cm-1 ), amide III (1313 cm-1 ), –OH groups (3441.90 cm-1 ), a...

“This is a review of the current status of drug bioequivalence studies in Peru. A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed (Medline database) for bioequivalence studies in Peru. Generic drugs constitute the basis of pharmacological requests in health care systems in Latin American countries. Peru has enacted laws and regulations that require bioequivalence studies of high health risk drugs and exemptions, based on international legislation, to be conducted in research centers accredited by the authority of Health. There is a list of 19 drugs that must demonstrate their therapeutic equivalence through in vivo or in vitro studies, of which 13 have shown bioequivalence in vivo, and 8 of those have shown bioequivalence in vitro. There is a challenge for health authorities to enforce the current legislation and an even greater challenge for pharmaceutical laboratories to demonstrate bio...

Clinopodium bolivianum (Benth.) Kuntze, commonly known as muña, inca muña or koa, has traditionally been used for its medicinal properties in digestive disorders. Some studies have revealed its antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity. This study determined the volatile components, evaluated the antioxidant capacity of C. bolivianum essential oil and its incorporation into three hair cosmetic formulations: shampoo, combing cream, and capillary lotion. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) confirmed pulegone as the main component, accounting for 66.85% of the essential oil. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, with Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) as a reference compound. The essential oil exhibited significant radi...

Introduction: Innovative and similar branded medications are expensive and are not accessible in the poorest sectors of Peru, hence the importance of having bioequivalent generic medications. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro biopharmaceutical quality of risperidone 2-mg tablets and their impact on public health. Methods: Four brands of risperidone from the local market were studied (two generic [G1T, G2A], one similar [M1], and one reference [R1]). An analytical and experimental study was conducted using a spectrophotometric method for the dissolution profile in a United States Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus 2 at 50 rpm with 500 mL of dissolution medium at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8, at 37 ± 0.5 °C. Weight, hardness, and friability were also evaluated. Similarity factor (f2), dissolution efficiency, and mean dissolution time were used as statistical indicators of biopharmaceutical qual...

Aloysia triphylla is widely used in traditional medicine from Peru for its sedative, digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, comprehensive studies on the biological activities of its essential oil (EO), particularly from Peruvian sources, remain limited. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and enantiomeric profile of A. triphylla EO and evaluate its antibacterial, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and cytotoxic activities. The EO was obtained by steam distillation and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 62 compounds were identified, with (E)-caryophyllene (16.80%), β-pinene (9.96%), and germacrene D (10.00%) being the major components. Enantiomeric analysis revealed specific chiral signatures, including (−)-α-pinene, (+)-limonene, and (R)-(−)-linalool. The EO exhibited significant antibacterial activity, particularl...

Schinus molle is a medicinal plant used as an anti-inflammatory and for rheumatic pain in the traditional medicine of Peru. On the other hand, Aedes aegypti is the main vector of several tropical diseases and the transmitter of yellow fever, chikungunya, malaria, dengue, and Zika virus. In this study, the aim was to investigate the antioxidant activity in vitro and the insecticidal activity in silico, in the presence of the mosquito juvenile hormone-binding protein (mJHBP) from Aedes aegypti, of the essential oil from S. molle leaves. The volatile phytochemicals were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the profile antioxidants were examined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The evaluation in silico was carried out on mJHBP (PDB: 5V13) with an insecticidal approach. The results revealed that EO presented as the main volatile components to alpha-phellandrene (32.68%...

Heliotropium arborescens (Galán de Mera et al. 2022) is a herbaceous plant that contains various biophenolic compounds that exhibit antibacterial property and antioxidant activity that could prevent diseases caused by free radicals. The objective was to study the biophenolic compounds and metal ions associated with the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Heliotropium arborescens L. leaves from the Andean region of Ayacucho-Peru. The total polyphenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method; Total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined by spectrophotometry at 510 nm, TFC was expressed in mg quercetin/g sample (mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity by three in vitro methods; determination of metals by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) and antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method. The values ​​obtained from the ...

The CYP1A1 isoenzyme is responsible for the biotransformation of procarcinogens, such as Benzo(a)pyrene, into reactive metabolites. Meanwhile, GSTM1 facilitates the detoxification of these metabolites by conjugating them with glutathione. The presence of the CYP1A1*2A genetic variant intensifies the production of these reactive metabolites, and the deletion of the GSTM1 gene (GSTM1*0) impairs their detoxification. This enzymatic imbalance leads to the formation of DNA adducts, which are known to contribute to cancer and other diseases. Given the importance of studying these genes within the framework of 4P medicine (predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory), the primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of GSTM1*0 and CYP1A1*2A in the central Peruvian coastal Population as genetic biomarkers. The study included 131 individual residents of the Peruvi...

The CYP1A1 isoenzyme is responsible for the biotransformation of procarcinogens, such as Benzo(a)pyrene, into reactive metabolites. Meanwhile, GSTM1 facilitates the detoxification of these metabolites by conjugating them with glutathione. The presence of the CYP1A1*2A genetic variant intensifies the production of these reactive metabolites, and the deletion of the GSTM1 gene (GSTM1*0) impairs their detoxification. This enzymatic imbalance leads to the formation of DNA adducts, which are known to contribute to cancer and other diseases. Given the importance of studying these genes within the framework of 4P medicine (predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory), the primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of GSTM1*0 and CYP1A1*2A in the central Peruvian coastal Population as genetic biomarkers. The study included 131 individual residents of the Peruvi...

The major production of artisanal and industrial wines is elaborate in the Ica Valley, Peru. The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of polyphenols and permissible values of glyphosate in artisanal wines from the Pisco Routes of the Ica Valley, Peru. Samples: six coded artisanal wines and two commercial brands as references (60088 and 60089). Total polyphenol content (TPC) was found between 107.90 ± 0.30 (60091) and 234.73 ± 0.61 mg GAE/100 mL (60084); total flavonoid content (TFC) was between 9.70 ± 0.30 (60091) and 16.83 ± 0.25 mg QE/100 mL (60084). Antioxidant activity: DPPH between 34.9 ± 0.44 (60091) and 55.6 ± 0.30 mM TEAC/100 mL (60085). FRAP between 42.50 ± 0.36 (60091) and 117.3 ± 0.44 (60085). Correlation relationship: TPC/DPPH (mM TEAC/100 mL) for 60086 (r = 0.7302, R2 = 0.5332), 60091 (r = 0.8029, R2 = 0.6447), 60085 (r = -0.9820, R2 = 0.9643), and for ...

The major production of artisanal and industrial wines is elaborate in the Ica Valley, Peru. The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of polyphenols and permissible values of glyphosate in artisanal wines from the Pisco Routes of the Ica Valley, Peru. Samples: six coded artisanal wines and two commercial brands as references (60088 and 60089). Total polyphenol content (TPC) was found between 107.90 ± 0.30 (60091) and 234.73 ± 0.61 mg GAE/100 mL (60084); total flavonoid content (TFC) was between 9.70 ± 0.30 (60091) and 16.83 ± 0.25 mg QE/100 mL (60084). Antioxidant activity: DPPH between 34.9 ± 0.44 (60091) and 55.6 ± 0.30 mM TEAC/100 mL (60085). FRAP between 42.50 ± 0.36 (60091) and 117.3 ± 0.44 (60085). Correlation relationship: TPC/DPPH (mM TEAC/100 mL) for 60086 (r = 0.7302, R2 = 0.5332), 60091 (r = 0.8029, R2 = 0.6447), 60085 (r = -0.9820, R2 = 0.9643), and for ...

Background/Objectives: Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked, self-limiting seizures of genetic, acquired, or unknown origin. It affects more than 50 million people worldwide. The prevalence in Peru is 11.9–32.1 per 1000 people. Our objective was to describe the association between CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and adverse reactions induced by antiseizure medications among Peruvian patients with epilepsy. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted on Peruvian patients with epilepsy. Non-probability, non-randomized, purposive sampling was carried out through consecutive inclusion. Genomic DNA was obtained from venous blood samples. Genotypes were determined by real-time PCR using specific TaqMan probes to identify the alleles of interest. Results: In total, 89 Peruvian patients with epilepsy were recruited at the Alberto Sabogal Sologuren National H...

The presence of CYP1A1 allelic variants and deletion of the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 gene, and their imbalance, have been suggested as risk factors for inducing colorectal cancer (CRCa). The objective was to identify CYP1A1 and GSTM1 and evaluate the association with the risk of developing colorectal cancer in a sample of cases and controls from Lima, Peru. This was a case-control study of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genes in 50 samples from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 50 samples from controls without cancer, using the PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism method. A significant risk of developing CRCa was found in the following groups: GSTM1*0 carriers with no history of smoking or family history of cancer (OR = 3.56, 95% CI 1.43–8.88, p = 0.0060); GSTM1*0 with family history of cancer without smoking (OR = 2.81, 95% CI 0.35–22.49, p = 0.3280); GSTM1*0 exac...