Introduction: Geranium ruizii Hieron. (pasuchaca) is a medicinal plant used by traditional medicine to lower glycemia, in Ancash, Peru. Objective: To determine the hypoglycemic effect of Geranium ruizii ethanolic extract on alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in rats. Design: Experimental. Setting: Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biological material: Geranium ruizii, eight weeks female Holtzman rats 200 ± 20 g of body weight. Interventions: Experimental hyperglycemia (>200 mg/dL) was induced with alloxan. Rats were divided into six groups of six rats each. Group I received 2 mL distilled water, groups II, III, IV received respectively Geranium ruizii 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg, group V glibenclamide 5 mg/kg and Group VI insulin 4IU/kg. Main outcome measures: Glycemic level (mg/dL), inhibition of DPPH (%), reduction of r...

Aims: Cancer is the first cause of death in the Peruvian population; searching alternative treatments of medicinal plants constitute a promissory field to find new anticancer drugs. The main objective in this study was to evaluate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of Chromolaena laevigata (C. laevigata) on human tumor cell lines. Study Design: The fresh leaves of C. laevigata were soaked with ethanol followed by phytochemical screening using standard methods. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, Peru; Laboratory “Abraham Vaisberg Wolach”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Methodology: Phytochemical screening was assessed by using chemical reactives. Total phenolic content (TPC) was de...

Carvacrol is a phenol monoterpene found in aromatic plants specially in Lamiaceae family, which has been evaluated in an experimental model of breast cancer. However, any proposed mechanism based on its antitumor effect has not been reported. In our previous study, carvacrol showed a protective effect on 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene- (DMBA-) induced breast cancer in female rats. The main objective in this research was to evaluate by using in silico study the carvacrol on HER2, PI3Kα, mTOR, hERα, PR, and EGFR receptors involved in breast cancer progression by docking analysis, molecular dynamic, and drug-likeness evaluation. A multilevel computational study to evaluate the antitumor potential of carvacrol focusing on the main targets involved in the breast cancer was carried out. The in silico study starts with protein-ligand docking of carvacrol followed by ligand pathway calculatio...

Schinus molle is a medicinal plant used as an anti-inflammatory and for rheumatic pain in the traditional medicine of Peru. On the other hand, Aedes aegypti is the main vector of several tropical diseases and the transmitter of yellow fever, chikungunya, malaria, dengue, and Zika virus. In this study, the aim was to investigate the antioxidant activity in vitro and the insecticidal activity in silico, in the presence of the mosquito juvenile hormone-binding protein (mJHBP) from Aedes aegypti, of the essential oil from S. molle leaves. The volatile phytochemicals were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the profile antioxidants were examined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The evaluation in silico was carried out on mJHBP (PDB: 5V13) with an insecticidal approach. The results revealed that EO presented as the main volatile components to alpha-phellandrene (32.68%...

Objetivos: Determinar la equivalencia terapéutica in vitro de tres formulaciones de diazepam 10 mg tabletas, paraestablecer su intercambiabilidad con el medicamento de referencia original. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo,comparativo, realizado en junio del 2010, utilizando tres medicamentos genéricos dispensados en la ciudad de Ica yel medicamento original de referencia: Diazepam (Valium®) de laboratorios Roche. Se determinaron los perfiles dedisolución efectuados en medios similares a pH fisiológicos del organismo según lo señalado por la OMS (ReporteTécnico 937). Para establecer la equivalencia terapéutica se empleó el factor de similitud (f2), considerando que dosformulaciones son equivalentes terapéuticos in vitro si los valores están comprendidos entre 50 y 100. Resultados:Los medicamentos evaluados presentaron a pH 1,2 una disolución muy rápida, sin embargo l...

Cesar Franco-Quino is a doctoral student studying an Epidemiological Research Doctorate at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia under FONDECYT/CIENCIACTIVA scholarship EF033-235-2015 and supported by training grant D43 TW007393 awarded by Fogarti International Center of the US National Institutes of Health.

Neem has become valuable plant in the world which shows the solutions for hundreds to thousands problems. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a rapidly growing evergreen well known tree found Pada generally in various regions of world like America, Africa and India. It has been widely used in Chinese, Ayurveda and Unani medicines across the world especially in Asians countries for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The different parts of neem plant contain biological compounds responsible for antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. It is considered as safe medicinal plants and modulates the numerous biological processes without any adverse effect. Neem tree produces some active compounds which contain biological activities, parts of neem tree such as Root, bark, leaf, flower, seed and fruit together possesses biological activities. Various compounds have been obtained from va...

The authors thank Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos for helping to support this research. Cesar Franco-Quino is a doctoral student studying an Epidemiological Researcher Doctorate at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia under FONDECYT/ CIENCIAACTIVA scholarship EF033-235-2015 and supported by training grant D43 TW007393 awarded by Fogarti International Center of the US National Institutes of Health.

Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto antioxidante y antitumoral in vitro del extracto etanólico de la raíz de Waltheria ovata Cav. sobre la línea celular DU-145. Institución: Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional Peruana Cayetano Heredia y Laboratorio de Farmacología de la Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Línea celular tumoral humana DU-145, fibroblastos normales de ratón 3T3, ratas Holztman de ambos sexos, ratones albinos machos Balb/C53. Intervenciones: Actividad antioxidante in vitro evaluándose mediante los ensayos de captación del radical DPPH, FRAP y ABTS, utilizando como controles positivos trolox y vitamina C. Las líneas celulares fueron expuestas a cuatro concentraciones del extracto etanólico de la raíz de Waltheria ovata Cav. y 5-fluorouracilo (5-FU). La toxicidad aguda oral ...

Las hojas de Dodonaea viscosa Jacq presenta propiedades antinflamatorias, información etnofarmacológica, el cual fue obtenida en la provincia de Aymaraes, departamento de Apurimac, Perú. La presente investigación evalúa el efecto anticancerígeno del extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas de Dodonaea viscosa Jacq en el cáncer colorrectal y el efecto citotóxico en células tumorales HT-29. El material vegetal fue colectado en el distrito de Chalhuanca, provincia de Aymaraes, departamento de Apurimac a 2.888 m.s.n.m. Las hojas fueron seleccionadas y se procedieron a la maceración con alcohol al 70%, finalmente se obtuvo un extracto seco que se utilizó para realizar el ensayo químico cualitativo por cromatografía liquida acoplado a espectrometría de masas UHPLC/MS. Una vez determinado los componentes mayoritarios se procedió a determinar las características farmacocinéticas in si...

Objectives: To evaluate the hepatoprotector effect of hydroalcoholic extract atomized of Zea mays against hepatic injuries induced in rats. Design: Experimental. Institution: Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biological material: Hydroethanolic extract atomized of purple corn (EAM). Interventions: To six groups of male rats (n = 10, for each group) phenobarbital 0.5 g/L in drinkable water ad libitum was administered for 15 days, followed by carbon tetrachloride 0.2 mL/kg p.o. The experimental design was a follow: G1: normal; G2: CCl4 0.2 mL/kg (T); G3:T+ silimarina 25 mg/kg; G4: T+ EAM 500 mg/kg; G5: T + EAM 1 000 mg/kg; G6 T + EAM 2 000 mg/kg. Main outcome measures: Hepatic profile, reactive species to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), liver index, and histological observation. Results: Significant increa...

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad antinflamatoria y antioxidante del aceite de Linum usitatissimum L. (linaza). Para el cual se utilizó la fracción del aceite de linaza marca Gatti y ratas albinas. La actividad antiinflamatoria fue evaluada in vivo usando el método de edema plantar inducido por carragenina; el efecto antioxidante in vitro mediante la neutralización del radical 1,1-difenil 2-picril-hidrazilo (DPPH). Se evidenció una disminución de la inflamación en 8.10% y 13.41% en dosis de 1 y 1.5 mL/Kg respectivamente, al ser comparados con el control (p<0,05), encontrándose efecto dosis dependiente, y como mayor efecto antioxidante un 10.5% de inhibición de radicales DPPH. Se demostró que la fracción del aceite de linaza es antiinflamatoria y no presenta efecto antioxidante in vitro comparado con el control.Palabras clave: Linum usitatissimum L....

Introduction: Piper aduncum (matìco) is a medicinal plant used for gastrointestinal and genitourinary disorders. Objectives: To determine the in vitro antitumoral effect of Piper aduncum (matico) essential oil on seven human tumoral cell lines and its oral toxicity in mice. Design: Experimental. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biologic material: Human tumoral cell lines HT-29, H-460, MCF-7, M-14, ME-180, DU-145, K-562; and 3T3 fibroblasts and male 40 days post weaning Balb C/53 mice. Interventions: The cell lines HT-29, H-460, MCF-7, M-14, ME-180, DU-145, K-562, and 3T3 were exposed to four different concentrations of Piper aduncum essential oil, and to different 5-fluorouracil concentrations used as a positive control. Cell lines growth inhibition (IC50) was determined using linear regression analysis and DL50 by the number of deaths ...

Este estudio reveló hallazgos muy importantes sobre el perfil de toxicidad agudo y subagudo del extracto etanólico de Tanacetum parthenium, que son de utilidad para el estudio clínico de esta planta. La toxicidad del extracto fue evaluada observando sus efectos en ratas y ratones. Se evaluó los cambios hematológicos, de parámetros bioquímicos y también observando los cambios histopatológicos del hígado. Los resultados del estudio de toxicidad subaguda indican que la administración oral de Tanacetum parthenium en dosis altas tiene efectos tóxicos en los tejidos del hígado. En conclusión, se confirma que el uso de Tanacetum parthenium es seguro para el consumo humano en dosis menores a 500 mg. por Kg.

Introduction. Antioxidants have shown chemopreventive potential in degenerative, inflammatory, autoimmune, oncology and respiratory distress associated pathologies. Objective. To assess the phytochemical and antioxidant properties in vitro by DPPH and ABTS method. Design. Observational analytical. Location. Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biological/Chemical Material. Aloe vera leaves, Plukenetia volubilis seeds, Caiophora carduifolia leaves-stalks, Cecropia membranacea leaves. Interventions. Observation and analysis of the antioxidant capacity by DPPH-method mean effective concentration (EC50) of the extracts and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity by the ABTS method. Main outcome measures. Phytochemical preliminary march, antioxidant percent uptake inhibition by DPPH radical, determination of equival...

Background: Currently, gastric cancer (GC) is considered a public health problem worldwide. Using medicinal plants for the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer constitutes new alternatives in traditional medicine. Oenothera rosea (OR) could be an option, but it needs to be evaluated. Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of OR extract on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced GC in rats. Methods: In total, 80 male Holtzman rats were randomized into five groups. Group A received the saline solution (5mL/kg), group B received NMU 500 μg/kg (cancer inductor) by oral administration for 16 weeks, and groups C, D, and E were treated with OR extract (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, respectively) and NMU in order to evaluate the preventive effect on cancer induced by NMU for 16 weeks. Blood and histological samples of stomachs were collected to determine hi...

Objective: To determine the ameliorative effect of the ethanolic extract of Chuquiraga spinosa (ChS) on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in rats. Methods: 36 female Holztman rats were divided into 6 groups. I) The negative control group received physiological saline (PS). II) ChS-200 group received 200 mg/kg of ChS. III) DMBA group was induced with DMBA (20 mg/Kg) dissolved in PS and administrated orally for 15 weeks. IV) DMBA + ChS-50 group, V) DMBA + ChS-250 group, and VI) DMBA + ChS-500 group, which received the extract orally for 15 weeks after DMBA induction. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet test was carried out to compare the mean value of different groups Histopathological analysis was evaluated by using Image J software. Results: Hematology showed that the triglyceride level ...

Objective: To determine the ameliorative effect of the ethanolic extract of Chuquiraga spinosa (ChS) on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in rats. Methods: 36 female Holztman rats were divided into 6 groups. I) The negative control group received physiological saline (PS). II) ChS-200 group received 200 mg/kg of ChS. III) DMBA group was induced with DMBA (20 mg/Kg) dissolved in PS and administrated orally for 15 weeks. IV) DMBA + ChS-50 group, V) DMBA + ChS-250 group, and VI) DMBA + ChS-500 group, which received the extract orally for 15 weeks after DMBA induction. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet test was carried out to compare the mean value of different groups Histopathological analysis was evaluated by using Image J software. Results: Hematology showed that the triglyceride level ...