Los flavonoides y demás compuestos fenólicos cuando son ingeridos son metabolizados hasta ácidos fenólicos, que se clasifican en benzoicos, fenilacéticos y cinámicos, principalmente. Mediante métodos “in vitro” (ABTS y FRAP) se determinó la capacidad antioxidante de los ácidos fenólicos de interés metabólico potencial. Los valores obtenidos varían según la reacción química implicada y la estructura de los compuestos, en la cual influye el número de radicales, su posición en el anillo bencénico con relación al grupo carboxílico y la longitud de la cadena de este último. En las interacciones entre las mezclas de ácidos se observa principalmente un efecto antagónico, no existiendo ningún patrón estructural que lo explique.

El mango, Mangifera indica L., es una de las frutas tropicales que destaca por su particular sabor y aroma, tiene amplia aceptación. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la liofilización sobre la pulpa de cuatro variedades de mango: Chato, Rosado, Carne y Chupar. Se efectuó un análisis químico bromatológico por métodos oficiales (AOAC, FAO) y la capacidad antioxidante por DPPH antes y post tratamiento. No se encontró diferencias significativas entre las variedades de mangos salvo en el contenido de vitamina C (rosado y carne ~50 % +), y carotenoides (rosado ~70 % +); el procesamiento afectó la acidez con un incremento de 250 %, una disminución de carotenoides totales (27- 42 %) y actividad antioxidante (~50 %).

Las uvas pisqueras son 8 variedades conocidas de Vitis vinifera de las cuales se obtiene el pisco. Durante el proceso de producción del pisco se desprenden del fruto subproductos como las semillas, hollejos y otros; las semillas últimamente están cobrando especial importancia debido a su alto contenido en polifenoles y sus propiedades antioxidantes. Existen diversos métodos para la obtención de extractos y con el fin de obtener extractos con el mayor contenido de polifenoles posibles, en este estudio se hace uso de un baño ultrasonido con un sistema de solvente etanol: agua: ácido acético (90/9,5/0,5), el cual luego se lleva a sequedad en un evaporador rotatorio. Se determinó el índice de polifenoles totales encontrándose entre 402 a 84/g de semilla, índice de compuestos flavonoides de 9 a 42/g de semilla; la actividad antioxidante por el método de DPPH expresado como IC50 e...

El presente trabajo está enmarcado en el estudio de rescatar y revalorar a las especies vegetales en peligro de extinción en la provincia de Ica y tuvo como objetivo determinar la actividad antioxidante, contenido de minerales y toxicidad aguda del extracto alcohólico tallos de Bulsenia retama Griseb Calato obtenido en el distrito de Yauca del Rosario del departamento de Ica. Se obtuvo el extracto por ultrasonido y luego se determinaeron los metabolitos secundarios por reacciones de precipitación y coloración; la actividad antioxidante por los métodos DPPH y FRAP; el contenido de minerales por absorción atómica y así mismo la toxicidad aguda a una dosis fija. Como resultado se obtuvo la presencia de los metabolitos taninos, flavonoides y alcaloides; actividad antioxidante frente al radical DPPH con IC50 equivalente a 0.74 mg de extracto, por el método FRAP 1.24 mg extracto equi...

Se efectuaron análisis químico completo a tres tubérculos: Oca (Oxalis tuberosa),Olluco (Ullucus tuberosus) y Mashua (tropaeolum tuberosum) al estado fresco, mediante métodos de la AOAC y la FAO, encontrándose los siguientes valores: Proteína 0.97%, 1.00%, 1.20%; grasa 0.80%, 0.0%, 0.2%; cenizas 0.57%, 0.52%, 0.70%, fibra 0.76%, 0.58%, 0.79 %; carbohidratos 13.16%, 12.58%, 10.95%, respectivamente. Se aisló el almidón de los tres tubérculos siendo el rendimiento de 12.85%, 5.05% y 2.20 % para la oca, olluco y mashua respectivamente; a los que se efectuó análisis químico proximal no encontrándose diferencias significativas entre ellos. En cuanto a las características morfológicas, mediante el empleo de un microscopio Carl Zeiss, se encontró que los gránulos de almidón tenían la forma elíptica, triangular y globular con un tamaño promedio de 30, 15 y 10 micras para la o...

It has been proven that one of the main causes of melanoma is exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation (RUV), so the use of photoprotectors is very important. The objective was to demonstrate the in vitro photoprotective activity of a cream obtained from the ethanolic extract of Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. ex Hiern “chandelier”, the extract was obtained by the maceration method, a phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the secondary metabolites, the antioxidant activity of the extract was verified by the DPPH and FRAP methods, creams were prepared at the concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5% and the relevant quality controls were carried out, the in vitro photoprotective activity was evaluated by the method described by Mansur. The antioxidant activity by the DPPH method showed an IC50 of 0.09836 mg/mL, and by the FRAP method it was reported that 1 mg/mL of extract is equivalent to 1...

El sector agrícola enfrenta riesgos por los daños causados por fitopatógenos, y muchos agricultores dependen de fungicidas sintéticos para combatirlos. Sin embargo, el uso excesivo de estos productos contamina el ambiente y favorece la resistencia de los patógenos. Este estudio evaluó la inhibición del crecimiento micelial de 57 extractos vegetales sobre Botrytis cinerea, Lasiodiplodia theobromaey Fusariumsp., y su eficacia en el control de Erysiphe necatoren campo, además de su efecto fitotóxico en semillas de trigo y la identificación de metabolitos presentes en los extractos. Los extractos más efectivos fueron los de Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Conyza sumatrensis, Dysphania ambrosioides, Minthostachis mollis, Salvia sp., Pimpinella anisumy Syzygium aromaticum. El extracto de P. anisumpresentó la mayor inhibición del crecimiento de B. cinereaen tomates, mientras que para el c...

The agricultural sector faces risks from damage caused by phytopathogens, and many farmers rely on synthetic fungicides to combat them. However, excessive use of these products pollutes the environment and promotes pathogen resistance. This study evaluated the mycelial growth inhibition of 57 plant extracts against Botrytis cinerea, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Fusarium sp., and their efficacy in controlling Erysiphe necator in the field. It also evaluated their phytotoxic effect on wheat seeds and the identification of metabolites present in the extracts. The most effective extracts were those of Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Conyza sumatrensis, Dysphania ambrosioides, Minthostachis mollis, Salvia sp., Pimpinella anisum, and Syzygium aromaticum. The P. anisum extract exhibited the greatest inhibition of B. cinerea growth in tomatoes, while the most effective extracts against E. necator were...

El Zea mays, variedad morada, es una planta oriunda de América que tiene el grano y la coronta de color morado, gracias a las antocianinas que son los pigmentos que le confieren este color. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de los diversos procedimientos de secado del maíz morado que ejecutan los productores del valle de Ica, sobre la composición químico proximal y el contenido de antocianinas totales. Se aplicó 5 procedimientos de secado, los que se codificaron de T1 a T5 y se analizó las corontas y los granos por separado; se observa que los diferentes tratamientos no afectan significativamente la composición químico proximal de la coronta ni del grano; sin embargo, los tratamientos 3 y 4 preservaron un mayor contenido de antocianinas en la coronta (1513 y 1516 mg/100g), mientras que el tratamiento 2 preservó un mayor contenido de antocianina en el ...

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la actividad antioxidante y antimicrobiana del extracto etanólico de las partes aéreas de la especie Solanum radicans L.f. (huallpachaqui) procedente de San Juan de Chacña, provincia de Aymaraes, departamento de Apurímac. El extracto se llevó a sequedad, se fraccionó y determinó la presencia de metabolitos secundarios por reacciones de precipitación y/o coloración; se efectuó la caracterización del extracto mediante determinación de pH, sólidos totales, sólidos solubles, cenizas, color y aspecto. La actividad antioxidante fue evaluada por el método de inhibición del radical 2,2-difenil- 1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) y el método del Poder Antioxidante de Reducción Férrica (FRAP); la actividad antimicrobiana se probó en cepas de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Proteus mirabilis. Se identificó presencia ...

Introducción: La especie Tristerix chodatianus (Pastochovsky) “pupa” posee actividad antioxidante y antimicrobiana y su extracto en acetato de etilo es el más activo, al contener compuestos fenólicos como flavonoides y taninos. Objetivo: Determinar la estructura y actividad antioxidante de los metabolitos secundarios obtenidos a partir del extracto en acetato de etilo de las hojas de Tristerix chodatianus (Pastochovsky) “pupa”. Métodos: La obtención del extracto se realizó por el método de reflujo, uso de solventes de polaridad creciente y aislamiento de metabolitos secundarios por fraccionamiento rápido al vacío y sucesivas columnas cromatográficas, para lo que se utilizó Sephadex LH-20 y gel de sílice G-60. Las fracciones obtenidas se agruparon mediante cromatografía en capa delgada y los productos finales purificados por cromatografía de capa fina preparativa. La...

Introduction: Innovative and similar branded medications are expensive and are not accessible in the poorest sectors of Peru, hence the importance of having bioequivalent generic medications. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro biopharmaceutical quality of risperidone 2-mg tablets and their impact on public health. Methods: Four brands of risperidone from the local market were studied (two generic [G1T, G2A], one similar [M1], and one reference [R1]). An analytical and experimental study was conducted using a spectrophotometric method for the dissolution profile in a United States Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus 2 at 50 rpm with 500 mL of dissolution medium at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8, at 37 ± 0.5 °C. Weight, hardness, and friability were also evaluated. Similarity factor (f2), dissolution efficiency, and mean dissolution time were used as statistical indicators of biopharmaceutical qual...

Heliotropium arborescens (Galán de Mera et al. 2022) is a herbaceous plant that contains various biophenolic compounds that exhibit antibacterial property and antioxidant activity that could prevent diseases caused by free radicals. The objective was to study the biophenolic compounds and metal ions associated with the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Heliotropium arborescens L. leaves from the Andean region of Ayacucho-Peru. The total polyphenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method; Total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined by spectrophotometry at 510 nm, TFC was expressed in mg quercetin/g sample (mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity by three in vitro methods; determination of metals by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) and antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method. The values ​​obtained from the ...

Context: Acute inflammation due to persistent stimulation of noxes evolves into chronic inflammation that contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma, arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, aging, and cancer; therefore, it is justified to study plants with anti-inflammatory activity and fewer adverse effects. Aims: To evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of the total flavonoid content of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Senna alata (L.) Roxb (HELSA) in an experimental model of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan in rats. Methods: The total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined by spectrophotometry at 510 nm, total polyphenolic content (TPC) by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity by two in vitro methods. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was determined by the logarithmic method, and acute inflammation was induced by 1% carrageenan in rats. Resul...

The CYP1A1 isoenzyme is responsible for the biotransformation of procarcinogens, such as Benzo(a)pyrene, into reactive metabolites. Meanwhile, GSTM1 facilitates the detoxification of these metabolites by conjugating them with glutathione. The presence of the CYP1A1*2A genetic variant intensifies the production of these reactive metabolites, and the deletion of the GSTM1 gene (GSTM1*0) impairs their detoxification. This enzymatic imbalance leads to the formation of DNA adducts, which are known to contribute to cancer and other diseases. Given the importance of studying these genes within the framework of 4P medicine (predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory), the primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of GSTM1*0 and CYP1A1*2A in the central Peruvian coastal Population as genetic biomarkers. The study included 131 individual residents of the Peruvi...

The CYP1A1 isoenzyme is responsible for the biotransformation of procarcinogens, such as Benzo(a)pyrene, into reactive metabolites. Meanwhile, GSTM1 facilitates the detoxification of these metabolites by conjugating them with glutathione. The presence of the CYP1A1*2A genetic variant intensifies the production of these reactive metabolites, and the deletion of the GSTM1 gene (GSTM1*0) impairs their detoxification. This enzymatic imbalance leads to the formation of DNA adducts, which are known to contribute to cancer and other diseases. Given the importance of studying these genes within the framework of 4P medicine (predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory), the primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of GSTM1*0 and CYP1A1*2A in the central Peruvian coastal Population as genetic biomarkers. The study included 131 individual residents of the Peruvi...

The major production of artisanal and industrial wines is elaborate in the Ica Valley, Peru. The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of polyphenols and permissible values of glyphosate in artisanal wines from the Pisco Routes of the Ica Valley, Peru. Samples: six coded artisanal wines and two commercial brands as references (60088 and 60089). Total polyphenol content (TPC) was found between 107.90 ± 0.30 (60091) and 234.73 ± 0.61 mg GAE/100 mL (60084); total flavonoid content (TFC) was between 9.70 ± 0.30 (60091) and 16.83 ± 0.25 mg QE/100 mL (60084). Antioxidant activity: DPPH between 34.9 ± 0.44 (60091) and 55.6 ± 0.30 mM TEAC/100 mL (60085). FRAP between 42.50 ± 0.36 (60091) and 117.3 ± 0.44 (60085). Correlation relationship: TPC/DPPH (mM TEAC/100 mL) for 60086 (r = 0.7302, R2 = 0.5332), 60091 (r = 0.8029, R2 = 0.6447), 60085 (r = -0.9820, R2 = 0.9643), and for ...

The major production of artisanal and industrial wines is elaborate in the Ica Valley, Peru. The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of polyphenols and permissible values of glyphosate in artisanal wines from the Pisco Routes of the Ica Valley, Peru. Samples: six coded artisanal wines and two commercial brands as references (60088 and 60089). Total polyphenol content (TPC) was found between 107.90 ± 0.30 (60091) and 234.73 ± 0.61 mg GAE/100 mL (60084); total flavonoid content (TFC) was between 9.70 ± 0.30 (60091) and 16.83 ± 0.25 mg QE/100 mL (60084). Antioxidant activity: DPPH between 34.9 ± 0.44 (60091) and 55.6 ± 0.30 mM TEAC/100 mL (60085). FRAP between 42.50 ± 0.36 (60091) and 117.3 ± 0.44 (60085). Correlation relationship: TPC/DPPH (mM TEAC/100 mL) for 60086 (r = 0.7302, R2 = 0.5332), 60091 (r = 0.8029, R2 = 0.6447), 60085 (r = -0.9820, R2 = 0.9643), and for ...

Background/Objectives: Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked, self-limiting seizures of genetic, acquired, or unknown origin. It affects more than 50 million people worldwide. The prevalence in Peru is 11.9–32.1 per 1000 people. Our objective was to describe the association between CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and adverse reactions induced by antiseizure medications among Peruvian patients with epilepsy. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted on Peruvian patients with epilepsy. Non-probability, non-randomized, purposive sampling was carried out through consecutive inclusion. Genomic DNA was obtained from venous blood samples. Genotypes were determined by real-time PCR using specific TaqMan probes to identify the alleles of interest. Results: In total, 89 Peruvian patients with epilepsy were recruited at the Alberto Sabogal Sologuren National H...

The presence of CYP1A1 allelic variants and deletion of the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 gene, and their imbalance, have been suggested as risk factors for inducing colorectal cancer (CRCa). The objective was to identify CYP1A1 and GSTM1 and evaluate the association with the risk of developing colorectal cancer in a sample of cases and controls from Lima, Peru. This was a case-control study of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genes in 50 samples from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 50 samples from controls without cancer, using the PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism method. A significant risk of developing CRCa was found in the following groups: GSTM1*0 carriers with no history of smoking or family history of cancer (OR = 3.56, 95% CI 1.43–8.88, p = 0.0060); GSTM1*0 with family history of cancer without smoking (OR = 2.81, 95% CI 0.35–22.49, p = 0.3280); GSTM1*0 exac...