The present work was carried out in order to determine the effect of bronchodilator of hydroalcoholic extract of propolis from Apis mellifera "bee" in tracheal rings isolated from Cavia porcellus "cobayos". The sample was collected in Chalhuanca district, Aymaraes province Apurímac region. Were determinated organoleptic and physical-chemical characteristics of raw propolis, and was realized phytochemical screening of hydroalcoholic extract. The bronchodilator effect was determined by the method of Jagdish et al. modified in tracheal rings, using an automated kymograph, Panlab Harvard; contractions were induced by histamine 5 x 10-4 M, registering increasing tension, number and height of contractions. It was used as control salbutamol and assessed the hydroalcoholic extract of propolis to concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%. The hydroalcoholic extract of propolis 5% reduced tension to 10,8...

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo determinar el efecto broncodilatador del extracto hidroalcohólico de propóleo de Apis mellifera “abeja” en anillos traqueales aislados de Cavia porcellus “cobayos”. El propóleo fue recolectado en el distrito de Chalhuanca, provincia de Aymaraes de la región Apurímac. Se determinaron las características organolépticas y fisicoquímicas del propóleo en bruto, y se realizó el tamizaje fitoquímico del extracto hidroalcohólico. El efecto broncodilatador se determinó mediante el método de Jagdish et al. modificado, utilizando anillos traqueales y haciendo uso de un quimógrafo automatizado, Panlab Harvard; las contracciones fueron inducidas por histamina 5 x 10-4 M, registrándose el aumento de tensión, número y altura de contracciones. Como control positivo se usó salbutamol, el extracto hidroalcohólico se ensayo a las concentrac...

El uso excesivo de agroquímicos puede ocasionar contaminación ambiental y desarrollo de plagas resistentes. Por este motivo, se utilizan a las plantas biocidas como una alternativa para el control integrado de plagas. Aquí evaluamos la toxicidad de los aceites esenciales de Bursera graveolens (Burseraceae), Lepechinia meyenii (Lamiaceae) y Myrtus communis (Myrtaceae) sobre los huevos y larvas del primer instar de Chrysoperla externa, Chrysoperla asoralis y Ceraeochrysa cincta (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Se emplearon diluciones con alcohol etílico al 70% de B. graveolens y L. meyenii al 20%, 10% y 5%; y con Dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) de M. communis al 2%, 1%, 0,5%, 0,25% y 0,125%, en un período de ~120 h para la eclosión de huevos, y de 24 h y 48 h de exposición para evaluar toxicidad por contacto residual. Se calcularon los parámetros de toxicidad de ...

Avocado seed is a part of the fruit discarded in industrial pulp oil extraction and would be a source of essential fatty acids and other phytoconstituents. This research aimed to characterize oil seed Persea americana Mill. Var. Hass and Fuerte and its antioxidant activity. To oil obtained by the Soxhlet method, was made the physicochemical characterization following the AOCS (American Society of Chemical Oil) standards, the fatty acid profile by gas chromatographic method and the antioxidant activity by the DPPH method. Physicochemical characterization reported mean values and standard deviation of 2,12±0,015; 1,40±0,047; 242,30±5,449; 70,62±2,82 and 0,919±0,024 to acidity index, peroxide, saponification, iodine and specific gravity, respectively; with significance p <0,05. Were identified two essential fatty acids: linoleic acid (48,77%) and linolenic acid (12,17%), omega-6 and...

The present research core-experimental type was developed with the purpose of determining the antihypertensive effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Xanthium catharticum HBK. "dry love" in rats with induced hipertension because L-NAME. Using samples of Xanthium catharticum HBK collected in the Mollepata town center, located in Ayacucho region. Secondary metabolites present in the extract were determined using coloration and precipitation specific tests. To determine antihypertensive effect. It was used the induction method by chronic administration with L-NAME in 30 rats, randomly divided into six groups, the first one received distilled water; the second one, L-NAME 40 mg/kg; the third, fourth and fifth groups received L-NAME 40 mg/kg plus 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of extract, respectively; the sixth group received L-NAME 40 mg/kg plus captopril 100 mg/kg. Data were subjected ...

La semilla de palta es una parte del fruto descartada en la obtención industrial del aceite de pulpa y podría ser una fuente de ácidos grasos esenciales y otros fitoconstituyentes. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar al aceite de la semilla de Persea americana Mill. Var. Hass Fuerte y su actividad antioxidante. Al aceite obtenido por el método de Soxhlet, se le hizo la caracterización fisicoquímica siguiendo las normas AOCS (Sociedad Americana de la Química del Aceite), el perfil de ácidos grasos mediante el método cromatográfico de gases y la actividad antioxidante por el método DPPH. La caracterización fisicoquímica reportó valores promedios y desviación estándar de 2,12±0,015; 1,40±0,047; 242,30±5,449; 70,62±2,82 y 0,919±0,024 para índices de acidez, peróxido, saponificación, iodo y gravedad específica, respectivamente; con un...

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo determinar el efecto antihipertensivo del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Xanthium catharticum HBK “amor seco” en ratas con hipertensión inducida. Se utilizaron muestras de Xanthium catharticum HBK colectadas en el centro poblado de Mollepata, región Ayacucho. Los metabolitos secundarios presentes en el extracto se determinaron utilizando pruebas especificas de coloración y precipitación; los resultados indicaron la presencia de sesquiterpenos, alcaloides, compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, saponinas, aminoácidos libres y antocianidinas. Para determinar el efecto antihipertensivo se uso el método de inducción por administración crónica con L-NAME en 30 ratas, distribuidas aleatoriamente en seis grupos, el primero recibió agua destilada; el segundo, L-NAME 40 mg/kg; el tercer, cuarto y quinto grupos recibieron L-NAME 40 mg/kg...

The microplastics (PM) present in five fish species of economic importance in Peru were evaluated: Sciaena deliciosa (Tschudi, 1846) (Sciaenidae) “Lorna drum”, Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier, 1830) (Haemulidae) “Cabinza grunt”, Scartichthys gigas (Steindachner, 1876) (Blenniidae) "Giant blenny", Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mugilidae) "flathead grey mullet" and Scomber japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782) (Scombridae) "Chub mackerel". The stomach and gill contents of each fish were digested with 10% KOH, followed by a filtration process to search for PM. The MPs were classified by color and by shape. The contamination by PM found in the digestive tract of S. gigas presented higher values than those found in the other four species. No differences were observed in the amount of MP recorded in the gills between species. A positive correlation was only observed between the body length of I. c...

The microplastics (PM) present in five fish species of economic importance in Peru were evaluated: Sciaena deliciosa (Tschudi, 1846) (Sciaenidae) “Lorna drum”, Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier, 1830) (Haemulidae) “Cabinza grunt”, Scartichthys gigas (Steindachner, 1876) (Blenniidae) "Giant blenny", Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mugilidae) "flathead grey mullet" and Scomber japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782) (Scombridae) "Chub mackerel". The stomach and gill contents of each fish were digested with 10% KOH, followed by a filtration process to search for PM. The MPs were classified by color and by shape. The contamination by PM found in the digestive tract of S. gigas presented higher values than those found in the other four species. No differences were observed in the amount of MP recorded in the gills between species. A positive correlation was only observed between the body length of I. c...

Tagetes minuta, conocido comúnmente en Perú como Huacatay (Asteraceae), es una planta nematicida, insecticida y se le atribuyen propiedades medicinales como digestivo, carminativo y antiabortivo. El carbaril es un compuesto químico perteneciente a la familia de los carbamatos, empleado fundamentalmente como insecticida. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto tóxico de T. minuta y carbaril sobre seis entomófagos de importancia en control biológico. Las pruebas de toxicidad se realizaron para Chrysoperla asoralis, Orius insidiosus, Geocoris callosulus, Trichogramma pretiosum, T. exiguum y T. pintoi. El carbaril mostró un mayor efecto tóxico en los seis entomófagos que T. minuta. Se observó una mayor sensibilidad al carbaril en la mortandad larvaria y en la no eclosión de huevos de C. asoralis, y en la mortandad de ninfas de primer instar y en adultos de O. insidi...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and use of ethanol extract of Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavón (mashua) as colorant for yogurt. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS methods. The total content of anthocyanins (TA) and polyphenols (TP) was determined by the method of differential pH and Folin-Ciocalteu, respectively. Parameters of CIEL*a*b* system were used to measure the purple color and concentration of pigment used to color natural yogurt "3500", comparing with yogurt commercial blackberry "6224" which was taken as a reference. Both yogurt samples were stored under refrigeration (4°C ± 1) for 28 days and color and pH were measured every 4 days. For sensory analysis the acceptance test was applied (p<0,05). The contents of TA and TP in the extracts analyzed were 192,63 ± 1,28 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside/100g fresh weigh...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la actividad antioxidante y uso del extracto etanólico de Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavón (mashua) como colorante para yogur. La actividad antioxidante se determinó por los métodos DPPH y ABTS. El contenido total de antocianinas (AT) y polifenoles (PT) fue determinado por el método de pH diferencial y Folin-Ciocalteu, respectivamente. Los parámetros del sistema CIEL*a*b* se utilizaron para medir el color morado y la concentración de pigmento empleado para colorear el yogur natural “3500”, comparándose con yogur comercial de mora “6224”, que fue tomado como referencia. Ambas muestras de yogur se almacenaron bajo condiciones de refrigeración (4°C ± 1) durante 28 días; se les midió color y pH cada 4 días. Para el análisis sensorial se aplicó la prueba de aceptación (p<0,05). El contenido de AT y PT en los extractos analiz...

Tagetes elliptica Smith "Chincho", or "black mint sacha" is a plant used as a biocide in ecological agriculture mainly for its essential oils like cis/trans-Epoximyrcene. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide with action of contact and ingestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of T. elliptica and dimethoate on six predators and parasitoids of agricultural pests from Peru. Toxicity tests for Chrysoperla externa, Ch. asoralis, Orius insidiosus, Geocoris callosulus, Trichogramma pretiosum and T. pintoi used T. elliptica and dimethoate with five concentrations plus control. Regarding acute tests with the "chincho", it was observed the following sequence from highest to lowest based on toxicity of median lethal concentration (LC50 (48 h): C. externa > T. pretiosum > C. asoralis > T. pintoi > O. insidiosus (nymph) > O. insidiosus (adu...

Objective: To correlate the levels of thyrotropin with the levels of cholesterol and serum triglycerides in 250 healthy subjects and patients with subclinical thyroid dysfunction with a minimum fasting of 8 hours. Methodology: Analytical methods: total cholesterol, triglycerides: Enzyme-colorimetric and Thyrotropin: ELISA immunoenzymatic. Results: Thyrotropin was found in healthy subjects 88,68% in men and 89,34% in women, in patients with hyper thyroid dysfunction 1,89% for men and 1,52% for women, as well as hypo 9,43% for men and 9,14% for women. Cholesterol in healthy subjects for men is 49,06% and in women 67,01%; in patients with hyper thyroid dysfunction 50,94% for men and 32,99% for women. Triglycerides in healthy subjects 69,81% in men and 62,44% in women, in patients with hyper thyroid dysfunction 30,19% for men and 37,56% in women. Conclusions: A correlation was found between ...

Objective: To correlate the levels of thyrotropin with the levels of cholesterol and serum triglycerides in 250 healthy subjects and patients with subclinical thyroid dysfunction with a minimum fasting of 8 hours. Methodology: Analytical methods: total cholesterol, triglycerides: Enzyme-colorimetric and Thyrotropin: ELISA immunoenzymatic. Results: Thyrotropin was found in healthy subjects 88,68% in men and 89,34% in women, in patients with hyper thyroid dysfunction 1,89% for men and 1,52% for women, as well as hypo 9,43% for men and 9,14% for women. Cholesterol in healthy subjects for men is 49,06% and in women 67,01%; in patients with hyper thyroid dysfunction 50,94% for men and 32,99% for women. Triglycerides in healthy subjects 69,81% in men and 62,44% in women, in patients with hyper thyroid dysfunction 30,19% for men and 37,56% in women. Conclusions: A correlation was found between ...

This study aimed to characterize the chemical components of essential oil of Citrus sinensis L., determine its antibacterial activity and make dosageforms, mainly for local use. The essential oil was obtained from the dried leaves of the selected species, using a hydrodistillation system with water steam sweep; tests were conducted miscibility and determination of physical constants, such as specific gravity, refractive index and optical rotation. The chemical composition was determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (CG/EM), standing out in the sugiero: chromatogram spectral signals in the elucidating: Limonene, beta-linalool, decanal and 2 (10)-pinene(1S,5S)-(-)-. The determination of antibacterial activity in vitro was tested by agar diffusion method and the formation of inhibition halos against strains of Gram (+), as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,933 and Staphylococcus epid...

This study aimed to characterize the chemical components of essential oil of Citrus sinensis L., determine its antibacterial activity and make dosageforms, mainly for local use. The essential oil was obtained from the dried leaves of the selected species, using a hydrodistillation system with water steam sweep; tests were conducted miscibility and determination of physical constants, such as specific gravity, refractive index and optical rotation. The chemical composition was determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (CG/EM), standing out in the sugiero: chromatogram spectral signals in the elucidating: Limonene, beta-linalool, decanal and 2 (10)-pinene(1S,5S)-(-)-. The determination of antibacterial activity in vitro was tested by agar diffusion method and the formation of inhibition halos against strains of Gram (+), as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,933 and Staphylococcus epid...

Objective of the study was to compare the sunscreen effect in vivo of a cream made with the hydroalcoholic extract of the brown seaweed Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnapus) Agardh, with comercial sunscreens in skin lesions prevention. The biological sample was collected in the continental socket from Yanyarina beach, San Juan de Marcona, Ica region. Hydroalcoholic extract (ethanol 1:1) was obtained for maceration process since 300 g seaweed. With the extract was formulated and design the blocker dermocosmetic using concentrations of 5, 10, and 15%, respectively, with a mixture of solids aliphatic alcohols, consisting mainly of Cetyl alcohol (C16H3O) and Stearyl alcohol (C18H39O) 50/70%. Were used albino mice, mus musculus specie, bald c53 strain, adult males, with average weight 30 g. Photoprotective potential in vivo was tested through topical application on mice skin, in the dorsal anterior...

El estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el efecto fotoprotector in vivo de una crema elaborada con el extracto hidroalcohólico de la macroalga parda Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnapus) Agardh frente a bloqueadores solares comerciales en la prevención de lesiones de piel. La muestra biológica fue colectada en el zócalo continental de la playa Yanyarina de San Juan de Marcona de la región Ica. El extracto hidroalcohólico (etanol-agua 1:1) se obtuvo por proceso de maceración a partir de 300 g de alga. Con el extracto se formuló y diseño el bloqueador dermocosmético empleando concentraciones 5, 10 y 15%, respectivamente, con una mezcla de alcoholes alifáticos sólidos, conformados principalmente por alcohol cetílico (C16H3O) y alcohol estearílico (C18H39O) 50/70%. Se emplearon 35 ratones albinos adultos machos de la especie Mus musculus cepa Bald C53 de peso promedio 30g. El potencia...