This study aimed to characterize the chemical components of essential oil of Citrus sinensis L., determine its antibacterial activity and make dosageforms, mainly for local use. The essential oil was obtained from the dried leaves of the selected species, using a hydrodistillation system with water steam sweep; tests were conducted miscibility and determination of physical constants, such as specific gravity, refractive index and optical rotation. The chemical composition was determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (CG/EM), standing out in the sugiero: chromatogram spectral signals in the elucidating: Limonene, beta-linalool, decanal and 2 (10)-pinene(1S,5S)-(-)-. The determination of antibacterial activity in vitro was tested by agar diffusion method and the formation of inhibition halos against strains of Gram (+), as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,933 and Staphylococcus epid...

The objective of this research was to provide a pharmacotherapeutic follow-up service (SFT) for elderly adults diagnosed with arterial hypertension, residents in a shelter for the elderly; as well as identifying the causes and factors associated with Problems Related to Medicines (PRM), contributing to improve blood pressure levels. It is a descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study over a period of six months, with 22 patients who met the selection criteria with an average age of 82 years, of which 70% were women. The review of the clinical history, interviews with each patient; identifying that the majori-ty had three diagnoses (Among others: hypertension, gastritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, pain and other diseases); 30% had three medications prescribed and only 5% had completed higher education; Likewise, values of systolic blood pressure of 130 mmHg (p...

Objective: To establish which are the processes that generate value for the patient / user in the Pharmaceutical Office. Material and methods: the literature review and critical reading of the theory of value generation for the patient / user was carried out; as well as the application of these concepts to the generation of professional value of the Pharmaceutical Chemist and the identification of the processes that generate value in the Pharmacy Office. Results: The processes that generate value at the level of activities that the Chemist Pharmacist as Technical Director performs or supervises were identified, and he is responsible in the pharmacy office. These activities have been grouped into: Activities oriented to the Product, the Patient and the Community and, that each one of them is related to the fulfillment of the Good Practices of Storage, Dispensation, Pharmacotherapeutic Fol...

The objective of this research was to measure the impact of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, in relation to the technique in the use of inhalation medications in ambulatory patients with bronchial asthma, as well as to educate the patient about the characteristics of their disease. We worked with seven patients in a period of five months; in which, through pharmaceuti-cal intervention, they were evaluated in the inhalation technique and in the knowledge about their disease. A registry was made of the MRPs identified, their causes and consequences, as well as the intervention of the pharmacist to resolve them and the results of the intervention. Because of the evaluation of the inhalation technique in the patients, it was found that there was error in the technique in 63.35% of the patients, before the intervention, which was reduced to 28.57% after the same. Regarding the patient’s knowl...

This study aimed to characterize the chemical components of essential oil of Citrus sinensis L., determine its antibacterial activity and make dosageforms, mainly for local use. The essential oil was obtained from the dried leaves of the selected species, using a hydrodistillation system with water steam sweep; tests were conducted miscibility and determination of physical constants, such as specific gravity, refractive index and optical rotation. The chemical composition was determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (CG/EM), standing out in the sugiero: chromatogram spectral signals in the elucidating: Limonene, beta-linalool, decanal and 2 (10)-pinene(1S,5S)-(-)-. The determination of antibacterial activity in vitro was tested by agar diffusion method and the formation of inhibition halos against strains of Gram (+), as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,933 and Staphylococcus epid...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue brindar un servicio de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (SFT) a pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial, residentes en un albergue para ancianos; así como identificar las causas y los factores asociados a Problemas Relacionados con los Medicamentos (PRM), contribuyendo a mejorar los niveles de la presión arterial. Es un estudio de tipo descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal durante un periodo de seis meses, con 22 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de selección con edad promedio de 82 años, de los cuales 70 % fueron mujeres. Se realizó la revisión de la historia clínica, entrevistas a cada paciente; identificándose que la mayoría tenía tres diagnósticos (entre otros: hipertensión arterial, gastritis, artrosis, osteoporosis, hipercolesterolemia, dolor y otras enfermedades); 30% tenía prescritos tres med...

Objective: To establish which are the processes that generate value for the patient / user in the Pharmaceutical Office. Material and methods: the literature review and critical reading of the theory of value generation for the patient / user was carried out; as well as the application of these concepts to the generation of professional value of the Pharmaceutical Chemist and the identification of the processes that generate value in the Pharmacy Office. Results: The processes that generate value at the level of activities that the Chemist Pharmacist as Technical Director performs or supervises were identified, and he is responsible in the pharmacy office. These activities have been grouped into: Activities oriented to the Product, the Patient and the Community and, that each one of them is related to the fulfillment of the Good Practices of Storage, Dispensation, Pharmacotherapeutic Fol...

The objective of this research was to measure the impact of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, in relation to the technique in the use of inhalation medications in ambulatory patients with bronchial asthma, as well as to educate the patient about the characteristics of their disease. We worked with seven patients in a period of five months; in which, through pharmaceuti-cal intervention, they were evaluated in the inhalation technique and in the knowledge about their disease. A registry was made of the MRPs identified, their causes and consequences, as well as the intervention of the pharmacist to resolve them and the results of the intervention. Because of the evaluation of the inhalation technique in the patients, it was found that there was error in the technique in 63.35% of the patients, before the intervention, which was reduced to 28.57% after the same. Regarding the patient’s knowl...

In this research was evaluated the impact of use of automated technology in unit operations and manufacturing productivity of ciprofloxacin 500 mg coated tablets, kneading and drying stages of granulated were moved to automated equipment, identifying critical parameters of new process; also were quantified and compared the man/hours used in new process. The process was carried out through two stages: kneading in High Shear mixer granulator and drying in fluid bed dryer. The physical, chemical and microbiological product results obtained by new design were in accordance with previously established quality specifications for this product, as 98,67% dissolution and compliance of accelerated stability studies. Were concluded that the use of automated technology under the proposed design was satisfactory, quality attributes were improved and reported a 50% saving in time about man/hours and m...

The present study has the following objective: to design, implement and optimize a new method of washing glass bottles for the packaging of non-sterile liquid dosage forms, in a way that is a continuous process and in line with the packaging of this type of products. To carry out this new methodology was enabled in the equipment of glass bottle washing, as one of the improvements, a hot soft water inlet for the sanitization. This allowed us that within the washing sequence prior to its rinsing with purified water, placing a station where the bottles are sanitized with warm and soft water. To demonstrate that the new method of glass bottle washing is effective in eliminating viable and non-viable contaminants, as well as demonstrating that the physical and physicochemical properties of the products that are packaged in this bottles are not altered, tests were performed based in risk analy...

Se evaluó el impacto del uso de tecnología automatizada en las operaciones unitarias y en la productividad de la fabricación de ciprofloxacino 500 mg tabletas recubiertas. Se trasladaron las etapas de amasado y secado del granulado a equipos automatizados, identificando los parámetros críticos del nuevo proceso; asimismo, se cuantificaron y compararon las horas/hombre empleadas en el nuevo proceso. El proceso se llevó a cabo a través de dos etapas: amasado en amasador High Shear y secado en secador de lecho fluido. Los resultados físicos, fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos del producto obtenido por el nuevo diseño estuvieron conformes a las especificaciones de calidad previamente establecidas, como 98,67% de disolución y cumplimiento de los estudios de estabilidad acelerada. Se concluyó que el empleo de tecnología automatizada bajo el diseño propuesto fue satisfactorio, se m...

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar, implementar y optimizar un nuevo método de lavado de frascos de vidrio para el envasado de formas farmacéuticas líquidas no estériles, de tal modo que sea un proceso continuo y en línea con el envasado de este tipo de productos. Para esta nueva metodología, como una de las mejoras en el equipo de lavado de frascos de vidrio, se habilitó una entrada de agua blanda caliente para sanitización de los mismos; lo que permitió que, dentro de la secuencia de lavado previo a su enjuague con agua purificada, exista una estación donde se sanitice los frascos con agua blanda caliente. Para demostrar que el nuevo método de lavado es efectivo en la eliminación de contaminantes viables y no viables, así como evidenciar que las propiedades físicas y químicas de los productos que se envasan en estos no se vean alteradas, se...

We reviewed the risk factors and indicators of hepatotoxicity in patient medical records from outpatients HIV(+) who received the first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), from 1997 to 2003, in the doctor’s office from the service of Medicine I in the National Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI). The studied sample was constituted by 313 patients, both genders, 18 to 65 years old, with three and more months after starting antiretroviral therapy. The factors evaluated were: sex, chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV), glutamate pyruvate GPT and glutamate oxaloacetate GOT elevated basal transaminase, increase of CD 4+ T-cell count after iniciation of HAART. The results indicate that 54% (169 patients) from the studied sample (313 patients) developed hepatotoxicity demonstrated through: GPT and GOT basal high (14,38% y 15,66%, respectively). For our study, by statistical ...

We reviewed the risk factors and indicators of hepatotoxicity in patient medical records from outpatients HIV(+) who received the first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), from 1997 to 2003, in the doctor’s office from the service of Medicine I in the National Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI). The studied sample was constituted by 313 patients, both genders, 18 to 65 years old, with three and more months after starting antiretroviral therapy. The factors evaluated were: sex, chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV), glutamate pyruvate GPT and glutamate oxaloacetate GOT elevated basal transaminase, increase of CD 4+ T-cell count after iniciation of HAART. The results indicate that 54% (169 patients) from the studied sample (313 patients) developed hepatotoxicity demonstrated through: GPT and GOT basal high (14,38% y 15,66%, respectively). For our study, by statistical ...

The present study aimed to determine the drying kinetics parameters in Pisum sativum L., such as speed and drying time, equilibrium moisture and critical moisture; wich are very important for efficient drying and quality. Moreover, was studied removal of water present in the food, for which was used a tray dryer with hot air at 50 °C, determining moisture content of the food at different times of exposure to hot air, until achieving constant weight of food. The results obtained were: drying time and speed of Pisum sativum L. (peas green), 594,36 minutes and 0,00108 gH2O/m2.min, respectively; equilibrium moisture, 0,071 gH2O/g dry solids, and critical moisture, 0,501 gH2O/g dry solids. The values obtained were analyzed using the drying curve and determined by the analytical method of food drying theory.

This descriptive and analytical work, aims to evaluate the need to implement a Technical Directive for studies that ensure interchangeability of multisource drugs in Peru, based on quality, efficacy and safety. It is suggested the interchangeability through compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices, quality specifications and therapeutic equivalence, as well as, a list of active ingredients that had proven to be interchangeable in vivo and in vitro studies. We conclude that regulation is needed to ensure the interchangeability of multisource drug, that permit update regulation systems according to international harmonization programs, ensure quality, efficacy and safety of this drug, reduce public health spending providing medicines universal access and generate greater confidence regarding the quality of our products.

The present study aimed to determine the drying kinetics parameters in Pisum sativum L., such as speed and drying time, equilibrium moisture and critical moisture; wich are very important for efficient drying and quality. Moreover, was studied removal of water present in the food, for which was used a tray dryer with hot air at 50 °C, determining moisture content of the food at different times of exposure to hot air, until achieving constant weight of food. The results obtained were: drying time and speed of Pisum sativum L. (peas green), 594,36 minutes and 0,00108 gH2O/m2.min, respectively; equilibrium moisture, 0,071 gH2O/g dry solids, and critical moisture, 0,501 gH2O/g dry solids. The values obtained were analyzed using the drying curve and determined by the analytical method of food drying theory.

This descriptive and analytical work, aims to evaluate the need to implement a Technical Directive for studies that ensure interchangeability of multisource drugs in Peru, based on quality, efficacy and safety. It is suggested the interchangeability through compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices, quality specifications and therapeutic equivalence, as well as, a list of active ingredients that had proven to be interchangeable in vivo and in vitro studies. We conclude that regulation is needed to ensure the interchangeability of multisource drug, that permit update regulation systems according to international harmonization programs, ensure quality, efficacy and safety of this drug, reduce public health spending providing medicines universal access and generate greater confidence regarding the quality of our products.

The consumption of trastuzumab in oncological mixtures Unit (UMO) of the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins was studied during 2009 through retrospective descriptive analysis of the worksheets from the UMO and using of Hospital Management System (SGH) and analysis of written and dispensed prescriptions. The results show that the cost accounting of chemotherapy schemes was S/.72798,21 for each patient, still the most widely consumed trastuzumab more ixabepilone mixture with an average cost for six cycles S/. 68684, 52. The UMO attended 542 prescriptions and 521 preparations with trastuzumab, which generated an expense of S/. 3798426 and refunds amounted to S/. 704442, this generated a savings of 18,55%.

The consumption of trastuzumab in oncological mixtures Unit (UMO) of the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins was studied during 2009 through retrospective descriptive analysis of the worksheets from the UMO and using of Hospital Management System (SGH) and analysis of written and dispensed prescriptions. The results show that the cost accounting of chemotherapy schemes was S/.72798,21 for each patient, still the most widely consumed trastuzumab more ixabepilone mixture with an average cost for six cycles S/. 68684, 52. The UMO attended 542 prescriptions and 521 preparations with trastuzumab, which generated an expense of S/. 3798426 and refunds amounted to S/. 704442, this generated a savings of 18,55%.