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The sleep as a physiological state, is essential for human life and the processes of sleep and learning are essential for the consolidation of memory. This document aims to present a brief review about sleep and its relationship with learning, from the perspective of neuroscience. The first part of the paper provides a description of the stages of sleep and which are the brain structures involved in controlling them. A brief description of the sleep process in neurophysiological activities (immune system, cardiovascular system and endocrine system) is presented. The learning is related to the changes that occur in the individual at the neuronal, cognitive and behavioral level as a result of the exchange of experiences and stimuli, finally seeking the adaptation with their surroundings. Linked to learning is the memory, ability to acquire, retain, store and evoke these exchanges with the ...

The sleep as a physiological state, is essential for human life and the processes of sleep and learning are essential for the consolidation of memory. This document aims to present a brief review about sleep and its relationship with learning, from the perspective of neuroscience. The first part of the paper provides a description of the stages of sleep and which are the brain structures involved in controlling them. A brief description of the sleep process in neurophysiological activities (immune system, cardiovascular system and endocrine system) is presented. The learning is related to the changes that occur in the individual at the neuronal, cognitive and behavioral level as a result of the exchange of experiences and stimuli, finally seeking the adaptation with their surroundings. Linked to learning is the memory, ability to acquire, retain, store and evoke these exchanges with the ...

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El ritmo circadiano dura 24 horas en el cual están inmersas las horas de vigilia y sueño. El sueño es un estado fisiológico imprescindible para la calidad de vida en particular para el ser humano, igualmente para los procesos cognitivos como el aprendizaje; uno de los aspectos relevantes de esta consideración es la consolidación de la memoria de largo plazo. Presentamos, desde la perspectiva de la neurociencia, una revisión acerca del sueño y su relación con el aprendizaje y la calidad de vida. Luego se desarrolla la relación entre las estructuras sistémicas y las actividades neurofisiológicas, las cuales determinan o coadyuvan al logro de una buena calidad de vida. También nos referimos a los procesos de aprendizaje y su relación con el individuo (a nivel neuronal, cognitivo y conductual) como resultado de la interacción de éste con su entorno a través de las experienci...

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The brain‐computer interface (BCI) uses electrical signals from the brain and uses them as information to control an external device and has the potential to stimulate neuroplasticity in motor impairment. Objective. Implement an immersive virtual reality and BCI system for upper limb rehabilitation and test its safety. Methods: 34 healthy subjects participated. We used an EEG of 16 channels placed on the scalp corresponding to the motor and pre‐motor area, an amplifier (g.USBAmp) and a signal classification method (ANFIS classifier), to detect mu and beta signals related to the intention of movement and used to control an immersive virtual reality representation of an upper limb; and perform 2 movements: flexion and extension, according to the brain signals detected. In addition, the classification percentages and their association with spatial abilities of participants were measured...

Using an immunocytochemical technique, we have studied in the alpaca brainstem the distribution of immunoreactive structures containing prodynorphin (alpha-neoendorphin)- and pro-opiomelanocortin (adrenocorticotrophin hormone (18-39) (ACTH), beta-endorphin (1-27))-derived peptides. No peptidergic-immunoreactive cell body was observed. Immunoreactive fibres were widely distributed, although in most of the brainstem nuclei the density of the peptidergic fibres was low or very low. In general, the distribution of the immunoreactive fibres containing the peptides studied was very similar. A close anatomical relationship occurred among the fibres containing alpha-neoendorphin, ACTH or beta-endorphin (1-27), suggesting a functional interaction among the three peptides in many of the brainstem nuclei. The number of fibres belonging to the prodynorphin system was higher than that of the pro-opio...

walter.riofrio.r@upch.pe; rbraun@ulima.edu.pe; rcallup@pucp.edu.pe; luis.aguilar@upch.pe

En el presente estudio se investigaron los aspectos ergonómicos y dolor postural aplicados a laactividad odontológica, además de proporcionar información en busca de una buena calidad devida y capacidad productiva en el campo de la salud ocupacional del Odontólogo. El objetivo fuedeterminar la correlación entre nivel de conocimientos sobre posturas odontológicas ergonómicas,posturas de trabajo y presencia de dolor postural según zonas anatómicas de respuesta durante lasprácticas clínicas del estudiante del quinto año de la Facultad de Estomatología de la UniversidadPeruana Cayetano Heredia. Se utilizaron: cuestionario de conocimientos en relación a posturasde trabajo ergonómicas, lista de verificación postural que comprobó la postura de trabajo clínicodel estudiante, apoyada por fotografías digitales analizadas por medio de los programas decomputación Autocad y Corel...

Morris water maze (MWM) test is widely used to evaluate the learning and memory deficits in rodents. Image processing and pattern recognition can be used to analyse videos and recognize automatically the tracking in MWM. There are several commercial and free access software that allows analyzing the behavioral tasks although they also have limitations such as automation, cost, user intervention among other things. The aim of this paper was to develop a new image processing technique to automatically analyse the track of the rat in the MWM, which we called RatsTrack. The MWM test was performed with an animal model for Alzheimer, and the videos were recorded to measure the distance, time, and speed. The segmentation method based on the projection of the video frames was made for pool identification, eliminating the rat, while conserving the shape of the pool. Then, the Hough transformation...

Tissue repair is one of the great current challenges in regenerative medicine and the mesenchymal stem cells MSCs are the answer to this need because of the multipotential, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects. In the present work, we describe the technique of enzymatic isolation and in vitro culture of MSCs from a real sample of adipose tissue. This will respond to the need for a set of tools necessary in the clinical practice of therapy by stem cells, autotransplant and surgical in different medical specialties and in the field of research as a potential tool for studies of toxicity and in vitro medium lethal dose . It points out the importance that the topic can have for psychology, psychiatry and neurology.

La reparación de tejidos es uno de los grandes retos actuales en medicina regenerativa y las células madres mesenquimales MSC, son la respuesta a esta necesidad por las características multipotencial, inmunosupresoras, antiinflamatorias y efecto paracrino. En el presente trabajo, describimos la técnica de aislamiento enzimático y cultivo in vitro de MSC a partir de una muestra real de tejido adiposo. Ello responderá a la necesidad de un conjunto de herramientas necesarias en la práctica clínica de terapia por células madre, autotransplante y quirúrgicas en las diferentes especialidades médicas y en el campo de la investigación, como potencial herramienta para estudios de toxicidad y dosis letal media in vitro. Se señala la importancia que el tema puede tener para la psicología, la psiquiatría y la neurología.

Tissue repair is one of the great current challenges in regenerative medicine and the mesenchymal stem cells MSCs are the answer to this need because of the multipotential, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects. In the present work, we describe the technique of enzymatic isolation and in vitro culture of MSCs from a real sample of adipose tissue. This will respond to the need for a set of tools necessary in the clinical practice of therapy by stem cells, autotransplant and surgical in different medical specialties and in the field of research as a potential tool for studies of toxicity and in vitro medium lethal dose . It points out the importance that the topic can have for psychology, psychiatry and neurology.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normally produced during cell metabolism, there is strong evidence to suggest that ROS produced in excess impair the cell and may be etiologically related to various neurodegenerative diseases. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) methanol leaf extract on neurotoxicity in PC12 cell exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Fresh samples of “maca” leaves were processed in order to obtain foliar extracts and to evaluate the neurobiological activity on PC12 cells, subjected to the cytotoxic effect of 6-OHDA through the determination of the capacity antioxidant, cell viability and cytotoxicity assays on PC12 cells. The results of the tests of antioxidant activity, showed maximum values of 2262.37 and 1305.36 expressed in Trolox equivalents (TEAC), for the methanolic and aqueous fractions respectively. Cell viability as...

La prevalencia estimada de enfermedad celiaca en Europa y Estados Unidos es del 1%, sin embargo, estudios recientes muestran un incremento de esta tasa. En el Perú, no hay estadísticas ni estudios realizados sobre su prevalencia. Esta enfermedad autoinmune y crónica se produce por una intolerancia al gluten en personas genéticamente predipuestas, la cual afecta principalmente al sistema digestivo pero puede estar asociada también a otras enfermedades como Diabetes, Hipotiroidismo de Hashimoto o enfermedades neurológicas. La evaluación del contenido de gluten en materias primas que son utilizadas para la fabricación de alimentos es de vital importancia para prevenir esta enfermedad Para garantizar la seguridad de los productos sin gluten, es esencial contar con métodos analíticos apropiados con alta especificidad y sensibilidad tal como la cromatografía líquida asociada a la e...