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1
artículo
Plant DNA and RNA extraction methods are well established, with a wide range of protocols, depending on the purposes of each laboratory/research. Nowadays, quick, inexpensive and easy plant DNA and RNA extraction methods are highly sought after. We developed an optimized protocol for plant DNA and RNA extraction that uses an inexpensive bench drill and plastic bags and does not require liquid nitrogen. DNA from leaves and RNA from leaves and roots of banana, pineapple, citrus, papaya, passion fruit and cassava, were extracted using a basic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method. Both nucleic acids were quantified and evaluated for quality based on agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA and RNA extractions were successful for all species, and RNA quality in pellets was maintained after storage at room temperature for three weeks. This protocol can reduce costs considerably in laboratories wi...
2
artículo
At present, the use of DNA extracted from non-invasive samples, especially feces, is common practice in the discipline of conservation genetics. Even though DNA analysis is often difficult mainly due to the composition and preservation of feces has been shown in many species with the development of suitable extraction methods is possible to maximize the reliability and effectiveness of such procedures. The objective of this study has been optimization of a protocol for the extraction of DNA from vicuña feces (Vicugna vicugna mensalis), species classified as Near Threatened in Peru, in order to obtain DNA of sufficient quality for molecular analysis. A total of 51 samples were taken from vicuña dung piles in two communities located 4600 meters above sea level in the dry Puna ecosystems of the regions of Junin and Moquegua between August and September 2008. After observing defecation, sa...
3
documento de trabajo
A fast, simple and reliable method for the extraction of DNA from Gossypium barbadense radioinduced mutants has been developed. This method is cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cTAB) based, and it extracts DNA from seed leaves processed in a 1.5 mL tube with 0.7 mL of extraction buffer; is highly efficient to cotton tissue and much cheaper in terms of time, chemical use and labor input. The described protocol presents consistent yield and good quality of DNA for several molecular analyses (AFLP, SSR, etc.).
4
artículo
The purpose of this study was to select for the extraction of DNA from Leptospira spp from urine samples for the diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis by PCR. Three methods of DNA extraction methods were used: Ethanol-Sodium Hydroxide (EtNa), Chelex® 100 chelating resin and the PureLink® Genomic DNA Mini Kit commercial extraction case. The extracted DNA served for the standardization of three PCR protocols for the identification of the rrl, hap1 and rrs genes, respectively, in the AGROCALIDAD, Ecuador laboratory. A total of 72 bovine urine samples were collected from livestock farms in the province of Manabí, Ecuador. Ten positive samples were obtained by amplifying the rrl gene, which identifies the genus Leptospira. Of the genus-positive samples, eight amplified for the hap1 gene, which codes for the main outer membrane protein of pathogenic species. The agreement between the DNA extrac...
5
artículo
The purpose of this study was to select for the extraction of DNA from Leptospira spp from urine samples for the diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis by PCR. Three methods of DNA extraction methods were used: Ethanol-Sodium Hydroxide (EtNa), Chelex® 100 chelating resin and the PureLink® Genomic DNA Mini Kit commercial extraction case. The extracted DNA served for the standardization of three PCR protocols for the identification of the rrl, hap1 and rrs genes, respectively, in the AGROCALIDAD, Ecuador laboratory. A total of 72 bovine urine samples were collected from livestock farms in the province of Manabí, Ecuador. Ten positive samples were obtained by amplifying the rrl gene, which identifies the genus Leptospira. Of the genus-positive samples, eight amplified for the hap1 gene, which codes for the main outer membrane protein of pathogenic species. The agreement between the DNA extrac...
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artículo
Actualmente es posible determinar el estatus de especies silvestres mediante el análisis de ADN extraído de muestras no invasivas como las heces. Aunque dichos análisis suelen ser dificultosos debido principalmente a la composición y conservación de las heces, se ha demostrado en muchas especies que con el desarrollo de métodos adecuados de extracción es posible maximizar la fiabilidad y eficacia de este procedimiento. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue optimizar un método de extracción de ADN de heces de vicuña Vicugna vicugna mensalis, especie clasificada como casi amenazada en el Perú, con la finalidad de obtener ADN de suficiente calidad para análisis moleculares. Se recolectaron 51 muestras de heces durante los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2008 en dos comunidades vicuñeras ubicadas a más de 4600 msnm en los departamentos de Junín y Moquegua. Luego de o...
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artículo
Introduction: Myrciaria dubia known as “camu camu” is a fruit that grows in the Amazon and its main characteristic is its high content of vitamin C. Ascorbic acid has a protective role in spermatogenesis as it is a compound that has excellent reducing action. The purpose of this research was to evaluate in vivo the cytoprotective capacity of the aqueous extract of the fruit of Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh “camu-camu” against the mutagenic damage produced by the antineoplastic drug cyclophosphamide (CP) on the male germ line. Methodology: Mice (n= 60) were divided into five treatment groups: T1= negative control (without treatment); T2 ingested the aqueous extract (10mgkg-1), T3 ingested the aqueous extract (50mgkg-1), T4 ingested the aqueous extract (100mgkg-1); T5 is the positive control. All of them were injected with a single dose of CP (50 mgkg-1) intraperitoneally. Treatm...
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artículo
In this paper we identify an unexpected DNA sequence from the amplicons of 28S rRNA gene of terrestrial mollusks. DNA extractions were performed from foot tissues of land snails using a modified CTAB protocol. PCRs were carried out with universal primers for COI gene and oligonucleotides designed for molluscs, for the markers 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and ITS-2. Amplified lengths were 706 pb for COI, 330 pb for 16S rRNA, 900 pb for ITS-2, and 583 pb for 28S rRNA. One amplicon of the last marker was of an unexpected length, ~340 pb. DNA sequences were compared in the GenBank database through the BLASTn program and the sample, with the unexpected length, resulted in 100% identity and 99% query coverage with 26S rRNA gene of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Phylogenetic analysis with Neighbour-Joining and the divergence values confirmed the identification, providing results that support the taxonom...
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artículo
En el presente trabajo se identifica una secuencia de DNA no esperada proveniente de los amplificados del gen 28S rRNA de moluscos terrestres. Las extracciones de DNA se realizaron del tejido del pie de caracoles terrestres por el método del CTAB modificado. Las PCRs fueron llevadas a cabo con primers universales para el gen COI e iniciadores diseñados para moluscos, para el marcador 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA y la región ITS-2. Los tamaños aproximados de las bandas de los amplificados de moluscos fueron de 706 pb para el COI, 330 pb para el 16S rRNA, 900 pb para el ITS-2 y 583 pb para el 28S rRNA; un amplificado del último marcador fue de una longitud inesperada, ~340 pb. Las secuencias de DNA fueron comparadas con la base de datos del GenBank mediante el programa BLASTn y la muestra con la banda de tamaño inesperado resultó en un 100% de identidad y cobertura del 99% con el gen 26S rRNA...
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artículo
Nuestro país es uno de los principales exportadores de chirimoya en el mundo, siendo Lima la región con mayor producción y exportación. Actualmente, existe poca información genética acerca de la identificación de la especie Annona cherimola Mill “chirimoya” mediante el uso de código de barras de ADN, herramienta molecular que permite tener un registro correcto en la identificación precisa de la especie. El objetivo de este estudio fue optimizar la técnica de extracción y amplificación por PCR como parte de la identificación molecular de Annona cherimola Mill “chirimoya”, mediante el uso de dos marcadores universales como matK y rbcL relacionados al gen de maduración y fotosíntesis. Se analizaron un total de 154 hojas colectadas de chirimoya extraídas de 26 árboles, distribuidas en 6 zonas de la región Lima-Perú (Ate, Callahuanca, Carabayllo, La Molina, Lima y T...
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artículo
The main objective of the study was to identify and evaluate polymorphic microsatellite markers present in genomic DNA D. trífida Lf. To modify this was achieved 2X CTAB protocol that yielded genomic DNA good quality with a ratio of 1.78 showing to be acceptable for the amplification and an amount of 186.9 g/ml of the microsatellites, the same way were standardized and polymorphic microsatellite markers amplified with six pairs of primers, whose amplification products varied in the range of 100 to 200 bp. The 6 microsatellites primer pairs showed no nonspecific products, resulting initiators MTI10 MTI3 and more polymorphic polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.84 and 0.81 respectively. However; the initiator was less polymorphism MTI4 with a PIC of 0.52. There was a slight dependence between the number of different alleles and polymorphic information content (PIC) with a relativ...
12
tesis doctoral
El objetivo fue caracterizar la población bacteriana del suelo en un bosque húmedo tropical de San Martín. La Población comprende el área de la Biodiversidad nombre del lugar de estudio, 505,000m2 en tres parcelas de 10,000 m2 Las muestras de suelo fueron preparadas para extracción de ADN metagenómica según el Quick-Start Protocol DNeasy PowerLyzer Powersoil Kit (Qiagen N.V., 2016). La presencia y calidad de ADN se comprobó mediante electroforesis según (Mancilla, 2019); la secuenciación se realizó utilizando el método MiSeq Reagent Nano Kit v2 (Illumina Inc., 2018), en Fisabio, Valencia – España, el análisis de datos fue ejecutado en la plataforma Kraken Metagenomics Base Space, Illumina, que permitió obtener Unidades Taxonómicas Operativas. Las categorías taxonómicas identificadas fueron de 218 géneros de bacterias pertenecientes a 30 filotipos diferentes, siendo ...
13
artículo
La Ley Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre en el Perú, permite la caza de subsistencia de la fauna silvestre para autoconsumo y el comercio de pieles por las comunidades locales. Estas pieles son secadas en la modalidad de seco dulce y luego almacenadas en las viviendas de los pobladores hasta su comercialización. Por lo tanto, son altamente manipuladas y expuestas a efectos ambientales diversos. En el estudio se recolectó 300 muestras de pieles, procedentes de tres cuencas de ríos (Amazonas, Napo y Pacaya- Samiria) y se estandarizó un protocolo de extracción del ADN para pieles de Pecari, evaluándose dos métodos de extracción de ADN (Fenol– Cloroformo – Alcohol isoamilico y por columna). Se logró cuantificar el ADN con valores entre 164 y 3461 ng/µL obtenido por el Fenol– Cloroformo – Alcohol isoamilico. Asimismo, se estandarizó un protocolo de PCR para evaluar la eficienc...
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artículo
Hookworm is generally caused by Necator americanus (Stiles, 1902), causing digestive symptoms and anemia. The diagnosis by coprology can have low sensitivity, especially in light parasite loads. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a sensitive and specific technique, which must be adapted to laboratory conditions and positive controls are necessary. The objective of this work was the standardization of the PCR technique for the amplification of the ITS-1 sequence of N. americanus in stool samples and its cloning for its use as a control. Three DNA extraction protocols were standardized (Phenol/chloroform, Saline Precipitation, and Chelex® 100 Resin). Optimal reagent concentrations (MgCl , BSA, dNTP, primers, and Taq polymerase) were determined, as well as the hybridization 2 temperature and number of cycles. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the technique was determined. F...
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tesis de grado
The study of malaria in birds in these last two decades has been increasing, for this, rapid and low-cost protocols are being developed for the extraction of genomic DNA, amplification and screening, allowing the presence of these hemoparasites to be detected. The objective of this research was to compare genomic DNA isolation protocols and to identify birds parasitized by the Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon genera that cause avian malaria in the Loreto Region, for which the salt precipitation protocol was used and modified ( Salting-out) and the method of isolation of blood cells by density gradient according to the conditions of the collected sample, proceeding to amplify by means of the Polymerase Chain Reaction in real time (qPCR) obtaining as results that the salt precipitation protocol showed better results in terms of its concentration and quality of ratios compared to ...
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tesis de grado
Dentro de la gama de especies de la selva peruana, se encuentran caracoles terrestres de la familia Megalobulimidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda), entre las que destacan Megalobulimus popelairianus, Megalobulimus huascari y Megalobulimus capillaceus, que tienen importancia económica por las propiedades nutricionales de su carne y cosméticas de su baba. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo principal desarrollar perfiles de ADN de los Megalobulimidae de San Martín, que hagan posible su reconocimiento a nivel específico y estudiar su salud genético poblacional mediante la diversidad genética, todo ello para garantizar su uso sustentable y eventualmente certificar a estas especies en el biocomercio peruano. Se evaluaron 65 muestras biológicas que fueron colectadas en septiembre de 2007 y enero, febrero y marzo de 2008. Se realizó la extracción de ADN con el método del CTAB y cloroformo, alcohol...
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artículo
The aim of the study was to evaluate Escherichia coli isolates for the presence or absence of the f18 and stx2e genes. In total, 186 isolates obtained from piglets under 50 days of age that did not have diarrhoea at the time of sampling were studied. The animals were from four high-tech breeding farms located in the Lima region. Sampling was done in 2019 as part of a preliminary study using rectal swabs. A commercial purification kit was used for DNA extraction and a conventional PCR protocol was used for gene detection. No PCR product for stx2e or f18 could be detected in any of the E. coli isolated from these piglets.
18
tesis de grado
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Académico de Biología
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tesis de grado
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Académico de Biología
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tesis de maestría
La heterorresistencia (HR), es definida como la coexistencia de subpoblaciones bacterianas susceptibles y resistentes a un fármaco, representa un desafío clínico importante en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis (TB), ya que puede pasar desapercibida mediante métodos convencionales de cultivo. La HR puede originarse por coinfección con múltiples cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (una susceptible y otra resistente) o por la aparición espontánea de mutantes resistentes dentro de una población susceptible. Tradicionalmente, el método de proporciones en agar considerado el gold standard para la detección de resistencia permite identificar cepas resistentes incluso cuando representan apenas el 1% de la población bacteriana. Sin embargo, su aplicación rutinaria es limitada debido al tiempo prolongado de incubación (2–3 semanas) y a la infraestructura especializada que requiere....