The present study was carried out at the Institute of Research in Livestock and Biotechnology of the UNTRM, with the objective of characterizing bromatology of 20 food supplies available in the region, and to be used in domestic animal feeding. The determination of the chemical composition was done by means of proximal analysis, to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ethereal extract (EE), ash (A) and nitrogen free extract (NFE). In addition, the concentration of minerals Ca, P, gross energy (GE) was determined; and in those inputs with ruminant feeding ability, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined. Inputs have been classified according to their nature in: cereals (corn), roots and tubers (cassava flour, potato and bitucón), fruit trees (banana meal, orange pulp, guava), and agroindustry byproducts (coffee pulp, cocoa ...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L) – Peru breed with coffee (Coffea arabica) pulp meal on productive parameters during the rearing and fattening stages. A total of 35 female guinea pigs were monitored from 28 to 91 days of age, and fed with alfalfa and concentrate (1:1). The animals were randomly distributed in five treatments with inclusions of 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35% of coffee pulp meal in the concentrate. The addition of the coffee pulp meal to the concentrate did not affect body weight gain, feed conversion and sensory quality (appearance, odor, carcass color and meat taste) but had an inverse relationship with feed consumption. The highest carcass yields were obtained with the inclusion of up to 25% of coffee pulp meal in the concentrate. Therefore, coffee pulp meal, as an input to formulate guinea pig concentrates, has ...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L) – Peru breed with coffee (Coffea arabica) pulp meal on productive parameters during the rearing and fattening stages. A total of 35 female guinea pigs were monitored from 28 to 91 days of age, and fed with alfalfa and concentrate (1:1). The animals were randomly distributed in five treatments with inclusions of 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35% of coffee pulp meal in the concentrate. The addition of the coffee pulp meal to the concentrate did not affect body weight gain, feed conversion and sensory quality (appearance, odor, carcass color and meat taste) but had an inverse relationship with feed consumption. The highest carcass yields were obtained with the inclusion of up to 25% of coffee pulp meal in the concentrate. Therefore, coffee pulp meal, as an input to formulate guinea pig concentrates, has ...

Existe una gran diversidad de especies forrajeras en las praderas naturales de la región Amazonas, y son escasos los estudios referentes a la identificación de las mismas. Con objeto de profundizar los conocimientos en especies forrajeras, se realizó la identificación de las especies de pastos presentes en las principales microcuencas ganaderas y pisos altitudinales de la región Amazonas. Las microcuencas ganaderas identificadas fueron Shocol, Leyva, Ventilla, Alto Imaza, Pomacochas, Condechaca y Leymebamba. Sobre la base de las microcuencas ganaderas y praderas naturales se definió dos variables referentes a los sistemas de producción (sistemas silvopastoriles, SSP, y sistemas pastoriles a campo abierto, SPCA) y cuatro rangos altitudinales < 1900 m.s.n.m., 1900 – 2400 m.s.n.m., 2400 – 2900 m.s.n.m. y > 2900 m.s.n.m. Se usaron transectos, identificándose un total de 34 ...

Existe una gran diversidad de especies forrajeras en las praderas naturales de la región Amazonas, y son escasos los estudios referentes a la identificación de las mismas. Con objeto de profundizar los conocimientos en especies forrajeras, se realizó la identificación de las especies de pastos presentes en las principales microcuencas ganaderas y pisos altitudinales de la región Amazonas. Las microcuencas ganaderas identificadas fueron Shocol, Leyva, Ventilla, Alto Imaza, Pomacochas, Condechaca y Leymebamba. Sobre la base de las microcuencas ganaderas y praderas naturales se definió dos variables referentes a los sistemas de producción (sistemas silvopastoriles, SSP, y sistemas pastoriles a campo abierto, SPCA) y cuatro rangos altitudinales < 1900 m.s.n.m., 1900 – 2400 m.s.n.m., 2400 – 2900 m.s.n.m. y > 2900 m.s.n.m. Se usaron transectos, identificándose un total de 34 ...

Four silvopastoral systems (SPS) and a system without tress were identified to measure variables such as: fresh matter, dry matter and floristic composition (dry and rainy season); nutritional composition; biomass: arboreal, herbaceous, litter and organic soil carbon (two depths), to determine total carbon and CO2. The greatest growth was recorded by the SPS Aliso pastures in both seasons and obtained the highest dry matter yield (0.27 kg/m2). In the rainy season, the greatest amount of grasses was for the SPS with Cypress (49%) and in weeds the SPS Pona (49%) and in the dry season the greatest amount of grasses was for the SPS Pino (52%) and in weeds SPS Pona (53%); predominantly Dactylis glomerata, Lolium multiflorum and Trifolium repens in both periods. In nutritional composition and digestibility, the SPS Aliso (crude protein (16.06%), neutral detergent fiber (48.23%) and digestibili...

Four silvopastoral systems (SPS) and a system without tress were identified to measure variables such as: fresh matter, dry matter and floristic composition (dry and rainy season); nutritional composition; biomass: arboreal, herbaceous, litter and organic soil carbon (two depths), to determine total carbon and CO2. The greatest growth was recorded by the SPS Aliso pastures in both seasons and obtained the highest dry matter yield (0.27 kg/m2). In the rainy season, the greatest amount of grasses was for the SPS with Cypress (49%) and in weeds the SPS Pona (49%) and in the dry season the greatest amount of grasses was for the SPS Pino (52%) and in weeds SPS Pona (53%); predominantly Dactylis glomerata, Lolium multiflorum and Trifolium repens in both periods. In nutritional composition and digestibility, the SPS Aliso (crude protein (16.06%), neutral detergent fiber (48.23%) and digestibili...

The chemical characteristics and in vitro digestibility of eleven inputs, divided into three groups were determined: seeds (sacha inchi [(Plukenetia volubilis], castor [Ricinus communis] and chia [Salvia hispanica]), by-products derived from rice (nielen, husk and powder) and agro-industrial residues of tropical plants and fruits (sugarcane bagasse, coffee pulp, outer shell and mucilage of cocoa [Theobroma cacao], orange pulp [Citrus sinensis] and bean pod [Caesalpinia spinosa]) with potential in animal feed. The samples were collected in the Amazon region, Peru. Its proximal composition, crude fibre content (FC), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), calcium and phosphorus, as well as in vitro digestibility and gross energy (EB) were determined. Oilseeds stood out for their high oil content, high energy value and an important source of calcium and phosphorus; sacha ...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and gastrointestinal parasites in bovines from five districts of the Amazon Region, Peru. A total of 803 bovine faecal samples were collected between October and December 2015 and were analyzed by the coprological spontaneous sedimentation technique. The results indicated a global prevalence of F. hepatica of 59.5%, with a higher prevalence in the districts of Yambrasbamba and Florida, while the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 29.1%, predominating in the districts of Molinopampa and Huambo. The variables origin, category and breed were factors that influenced the degree of infestation by F. hepatica and gastrointestinal parasites (p<0.05), while sex was not significant.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and gastrointestinal parasites in bovines from five districts of the Amazon Region, Peru. A total of 803 bovine faecal samples were collected between October and December 2015 and were analyzed by the coprological spontaneous sedimentation technique. The results indicated a global prevalence of F. hepatica of 59.5%, with a higher prevalence in the districts of Yambrasbamba and Florida, while the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 29.1%, predominating in the districts of Molinopampa and Huambo. The variables origin, category and breed were factors that influenced the degree of infestation by F. hepatica and gastrointestinal parasites (p<0.05), while sex was not significant.

Se realizó la cuantificación de las áreas con presencia de pajonales y la cantidad de carbono retenida por las mismas. La cuantificación de áreas se realizó mediante la manipulación e interpretación de imágenes satelitales. Para el cálculo de biomasa de los pajonales, se establecieron parcelas de corte (Harvest method), teniendo en cuenta dos cuadrantes de 1 m por 1 m por cada hectárea.  Posteriormente, se cortó toda la vegetación cuyas raíces partían del interior del cuadrante, se registró el peso fresco total por metro cuadrado y se colectó una submuestra para su posterior obtención de biomasa seca y su respectiva identificación botánica. Además de ello, se realizó la identificación de las especies vegetales asociadas. Como resultado se generaron mapas de distribución de los pajonales en la zona alta de las microcuencas de las cataratas de Gocta y Chinata. El �...

Los sistemas silvopastoriles, se han convertido en una alternativa sostenible para la producción ganadera, en ese contexto, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar la influencia de los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) con especies arbóreas nativas como Eritryna edulis (Pajuro), Alnus acuminata (Aliso) y Salix babylonica (Sauce) sobre el rendimiento y valor nutricional de Lolium multiflorum (Rye grass) y Trifolium repens (Trébol). El rendimiento se determinó a través de la cuantificación de forraje verde y materia seca, mientras que el valor nutritivo fue calculado mediante la determinación de proteína, grasa bruta, fibra detergente neutra y fibra detergente ácida. Los resultados alcanzados permiten concluir que, en el rendimiento de biomasa y materia seca para ambas especies de pastos existen diferencias estadísticas (p < 0,05) entre los sistemas evaluados; por otro lado...

Se realizó la cuantificación de las áreas con presencia de pajonales y la cantidad de carbono retenida por las mismas. La cuantificación de áreas se realizó mediante la manipulación e interpretación de imágenes satelitales. Para el cálculo de biomasa de los pajonales, se establecieron parcelas de corte (Harvest method), teniendo en cuenta dos cuadrantes de 1 m por 1 m por cada hectárea.  Posteriormente, se cortó toda la vegetación cuyas raíces partían del interior del cuadrante, se registró el peso fresco total por metro cuadrado y se colectó una submuestra para su posterior obtención de biomasa seca y su respectiva identificación botánica. Además de ello, se realizó la identificación de las especies vegetales asociadas. Como resultado se generaron mapas de distribución de los pajonales en la zona alta de las microcuencas de las cataratas de Gocta y Chinata. El �...

Los sistemas silvopastoriles, se han convertido en una alternativa sostenible para la producción ganadera, en ese contexto, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar la influencia de los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) con especies arbóreas nativas como Eritryna edulis (Pajuro), Alnus acuminata (Aliso) y Salix babylonica (Sauce) sobre el rendimiento y valor nutricional de Lolium multiflorum (Rye grass) y Trifolium repens (Trébol). El rendimiento se determinó a través de la cuantificación de forraje verde y materia seca, mientras que el valor nutritivo fue calculado mediante la determinación de proteína, grasa bruta, fibra detergente neutra y fibra detergente ácida. Los resultados alcanzados permiten concluir que, en el rendimiento de biomasa y materia seca para ambas especies de pastos existen diferencias estadísticas (p < 0,05) entre los sistemas evaluados; por otro lado...

En el ámbito del manejo de los ambientes montanos es muy importante generar soluciones técnicas a problemas complejos, y que se lo haga localmente con pericia y destreza en la búsqueda de energías alternativas no convencionales. Al proporcionar una opción económicamente rentable que limite el uso del combustible de leña, deforestando la poca biomasa remanente que se encuentra amenazada en la Ceja de Selva peruana, la utilización del biogás, gracias a la construcción de digestores anaeróbicos que aprovechen la materia prima de desecho de las operaciones agrícolas y ganaderas, es una solución acertada para mantener el agroecosistema operando eficientemente sin aumentar el uso de combustibles fósiles y sin contribuir al calentamiento global. Son pocas las oportunidades de tener un texto tan claro, bien ilustrado y explicativo de la técnica y la teoría de uso de recursos del ...

Grassland ecosystems cover about 25% of the Earth’s surface, providing essential ecosystem services that benefit nature, people, and food security. This study evaluated agronomic and nutritional parameters of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) based on fertilization levels and cutting frequency in the Amazonas department. The INIA 910—Kumymarca variety was used with nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg/ha) and cutting intervals of 30 and 45 days for agronomic traits and 30, 45, and 60 days for nutritional traits. A randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications was applied. Repeated measures analysis and Tukey’s mean comparison tests (p < 0.005) were performed, along with Pearson correlation and response surface analysis using the central composite design in R. The results showed that applying 180 kg/ha of nitrogen with a 45-day cutting in...

This study provides a comprehensive mitochondrial genome sequence and a phylogenetic analysis of Jakumaru (Bos taurus), a prominent bull from a Peruvian breeding program. The mitochondrial genome, spanning 16,340bp, comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes, with a GC content of 40%. The gene arrangement and structural organization are highly conserved, closely resembling those of related Bovine species, indicating a stable genomic architecture essential for mitochondrial function. Phylogenetic analysis, incorporating 35 complete bovine mitochondrial genomes, positions Jakumaru within Subclade I, revealing a close relationship with European Simmental cattle. The study emphasizes the biological diversity and the evolution of the Simmental breed, influenced by natural selection, breeding practices, and genetic drift. These findings enhance our understanding of the ...

The mitochondrial genome of Pumpo (Bos taurus), a prominent breed contributing to livestock farming, was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genome were achieved through a multifaceted approach employing bioinformatics tools such as Trim Galore, SPAdes, and Geseq, followed by meticulous manual inspection. Additionally, analyses covering tRNA secondary structure and codon usage bias were conducted for comprehensive characterization. The 16,341 base pair mitochondrial genome comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis places Pumpo within a clade predominantly composed of European cattle, reflecting its prevalence in Europe. This comprehensive study underscores the importance of mitochondrial genome analysis in understanding cattle evolution and highlights the potential of genetic improv...

This study investigates gender-based differences in the gut microbiota of Simmental cattle, focusing on bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, with taxonomic classification performed through the SILVA and UNITE databases. Alpha and beta diversity metrics were assessed, revealing significant differences in the diversity and composition of archaeal communities between males and females. Notably, females exhibited higher alpha diversity in archaea, while beta diversity analyses indicated distinct clustering of bacterial and archaeal communities by gender. The study also identified correlations between specific microbial taxa and hematological parameters, with Treponema and Methanosphaera showing gender-specific associations that may influence cattle health and productivity. These findings highlight the importa...

This study evaluated the gut microbiota and meat quality traits in 11 healthy female cattle from the Huaral region of Peru, including 5 Angus, 3 Braunvieh, and 3 F1 Simmental × Braunvieh. All cattle were 18 months old and maintained on a consistent lifelong diet. Meat quality traits, including loin area, fat thickness, muscle depth, and marbling, were assessed in vivo using ultrasonography. Fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis, and DNA was extracted for 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing to characterize bacterial, fungal, and protist communities. Significant correlations were observed between microbial genera and meat traits: Christensenellaceae R-7 and Alistipes were positively associated with marbling and muscle area, while Rikenellaceae RC9 showed a negative correlation with fat thickness. Among fungi, Candida positively correlated with marbling, while Trichosporon was negat...