Con fin de conocer la percepción ambiental de los visitantes a un zoológico de Lima, Perú, se realizó una encuesta de opinión basada en diez preguntas (cuatro respuestas cerradas y seis abiertas). Las encuestas fueron realizadas a 440 visi- tantes al zoológico del Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas (PATPAL) (12°04´13´´ LS, 77°04´39´´ LO y 81 msnm) el 10 de Julio del 2004. La proporción de sexos de los entrevistados fue aproximadamente 1:1. El grupo etario predominante fue mayor de 35 años (31,1 %). Solo el 20,45 % de los entrevistados consideró al deterioro ambiental y a la contaminación como un problema de importancia que enfrenta la humanidad. Los entrevistados confundieron las causas del calentamiento global de la tierra (68,44 %) y de la destrucción de la capa de ozono (28,5 %). Entre las funciones del zoológico se consideró la más importante la educativa, lue...

El río Rímac es la principal fuente de agua potable para la ciudad de Lima, Perú, por lo que se evaluó la diversidad de invertebrados acuáticos en la bocatoma de la Atarjea, durante 1999. Se empleó una malla zooplanctónica de 45μ, filtrándose 2 L de agua por muestra. Para la identificación y cuantificación de los invertebrados se empleó la cámara de Sedgewick-Rafter. El número total de organismos/L (org· L-1 ) fluctúo entre 0 (marzo) a 337,5 (noviembre). El promedio fue de 64,3± 69,2. El grupo más abundante y frecuente fue rotífera con 11 especies. El 50% de las muestras indicó una dominancia relativa por rotífera, el 36,3% por nemátoda, 9,1% para copépoda, 4,5% para protozoos e insectos, respectivamente. Los org· L- 1 para rotífera fueron de 22,6± 41,9, para nemátoda de 25,4± 31,7 y para insecta de 3,1± 5,3. No se encontraron diferencias estacional...

La Ictiohematología es una herramienta de uso común con fines clínicos en peces de importancia económica, con un menor aporte en la comprensión de la fisiología del organismo en relación con su medio. En este contexto y frente a la escasa información publicada en el Perú de aspectos hematológicos de osteictios, se propuso caracterizar los leucocitos del pez angel Pterophyllum scalare (Lichtenstein, 1823) y determinar los valores de referencia cuantitativos. Este pez amazónico exportado como ornamental fue obtenido de un acuario de Lima-Perú. La extracción de la sangre, se llevó a cabo por el método de punción cardiaca, realizándose luego extensiones teñidas con Giemsa y con Wright, y se procedió a realizar el recuento leucocitario. Se relacionaron los parámetros biométricos [longitud estándar (mm), longitud total (mm) y peso (g)] con su caracterización leucocitaria...

Ciento veinte especímenes de Cachema Cynoscion analis Jenyns (Pisces: Sciaenidae) fueron colectados del Terminal Pesquero de Chorrillos, Lima, Perú, entre Enero a Febrero del 2000 y necropsiados para el estudio del monogeneo ectoparásito Cynoscionicola cynoscioni Tantalean, Martinez & Escalante, 1987 y del copépodo Lernanthropus paralonchuri Luque, Bruno & Covarrubias, 1989 de los filamentos branquiales. La prevalencia de infección de C. cynoscioni fue 21,70 %, la intensidad y la abundancia media fueron 1,84 ± 2,38 y 0,39 ± 1,32, respectivamente. Este parasito tuvo una distribución poblacional espacial sobredispersa (3,13), entre los hospederos evaluados. L. paralonchuri tuvo 16,70 % de prevalencia, 1,26 ± 0,73 de intensidad y 0,20 ± 0,54 de abundancia media de infestación. Este parasito no tuvo una distribución poblacional espacial sobredispersa (0,42) entre los hosp...

Treatment of industrial wastewater was evaluated through coagulation-fl oculation using starch of Solanum tuberosum L.‘potato’ as an alternative to the conventional management. Assays were performed in a laboratory scale by performing JarTest with two coagulants: aluminum sulfate and aluminum polychloride, and two fl occulants: anionic polyacrylamideand gelatinized starch, making variations in dose, concentration and speed. To determine the ideal parameters, thefollowing response variables were used: Willcomb index, absorbance, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand. Th e besttreatment was when using aluminum polychloride as coagulant and anionic polyacrylamide as fl occulant, reaching areduction percentage of 83.05% in chemical oxygen demand. Even then, the results suggest that anionic polyacrylamidecan be replaced by starch of S. tuberosum when applying a primary treatment to industr...

El  objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar la estructura comunitaria de la macrofauna  zoobentónica asociada a los  bancos naturales de Argopecten purpuratus (Lamark 1819)  “concha de abanico” de la Isla San Lorenzo en la bahía del Callao - Perú. Para alcanzar el objetivo planteado, se analizaron seis periodos de evaluación entre abril 2006 a octubre 2008 teniendo como principal variable la TSM (Temperatura superficial del mar). Se calculó la diversidad dentro de la comunidad  en base a métodos de riqueza de especies y de distribución proporcional. Se identificaron un total de 78 especies, pertenecientes a 10 grupos  taxonómicos: 27 Gastropoda (34,62%), 20 Malacostraca (25,64%), 9 Bivalvia (%11,54),  8 Polychaeta (10,26%), 4 Echinoidea (5,13%), 4 Polyplacophora (5,13%), 3 Anthozoa (3,85%), 1 Holoturoidea (1,28%), 1 Ophiuroidea (1,28%) y 1 Ast...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una investigación bibliointegrativa de las tesis de pre-grado y post-grado sobre biodiversidad en las Universidades de Lima, Perú entre los años 1989 y 2014. El estudio fue descriptivo, causa-efecto, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se revisaron 126 tesis repartidas en 99 tesis de pregrado y 27 de posgrado relacionadas a la temática de biodiversidad. Se presentaron como promedio 4,8 tesis por año. Del total de tesis, 71% fueron publicadas en repositorios de sus respectivas universidades digitalmente y 29% no se encontraban en línea. Las universidades que presentaron mayor cantidad de tesis fueron las nacionales con el 72 %. El tipo de investigación mostró una mayor cantidad de tesis con aná- lisis descriptivo (59%), seguido del análisis descriptivo-inferencial (47%). El mayor porcentaje según especialidad fue para Biología (83%), seg...

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic illness. As of April 21, 2020, 2,528,396 positive cases and 174,547 deaths from SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 have been registered worldwide in 210 countries and territories. It has been suggested that the disease can be transmitted zoonotically from animals to humans. The objective of this review work was to analyze what was published in relation to the zoonotic link of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to a bat coronavirus, which was identified in Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823, in China’s Yunnan province, where COVID-19 was started. A comprehensive analysis of mammal-host-virus relationships has shown that bats harbor a significantly higher proportion of zoonotic viruses than other orders of mammals. The pangolin Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822, is the main suspect of being the intermediate host...

In the letter we provide an update regarding the zoonotic role of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2), especially when analyzing the letter entitled: "Current and controversies of zoonosis as the origin of SARS-CoV-2" (Mirror -Sotelo & Tello-Arquiñego, 2021), which analyzes and updates the review article "Zoonotic links of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus" (Iannacone et al., 2020). In the aforementioned letter, interesting contributions are mentioned in relation to the theme. However, as of June 2022, controversial conclusions continue to be drawn regarding the issue.  

Pacific Pomfret Brama japonica Hilgendorf, 1878 is a migratory pelagic fish of Pacific Ocean. Between August and September 2011, 51 specimens of B. japonica were obtained in Fishing Terminal of Chorrillos, Lima, Peru for the evaluation of: (1) ecological indices of the parasite components of the metazoan fauna of B. japonica, and 2) aggregation and selectivity of ectoparasites and endoparasites most prevalent in B. japonica. The parasites were collected and counted using standard protocols. The ectoparasitic copepod Hatschekia conifera Yamaguti, 1939 had the highest P (prevalence), MI (Medium Intensity), ANA (Abundance Numeric Average) and IEN (Specific Importance Numerical). The endoparasite Hepatoxylon trichiuri (Holten,1802) Dollfus, 1942 presented the highest values of VAA (volumetric average abundance) and VEI (Volumetric specific importance). In H. conifera, H. trichiuri and Koelli...

We evaluate rotifers and other littoral zooplankton species of high Andean lagoons (~3400 m) of Paca (75 ° 30'LW, 11 ° 40 ¨ LS) and Ñahuinpuquio (75 ° 32'LW, 11 ° 46'LS), Junin, Peru. In August 1994, were monitored quantitatively rotifers and other zooplankton species from Andean lagoons of Ñahuinpuquio and Paca using a plankton net at 45 um mesh diameter. Values are expressed in N ° org·L-1. In the 16 stations, Paca lagoon were recorded a total of 22 species, an average of six species (0-12), 30 org·L-1 (0-164) and a value of Shannon-Wiener index of 2.11 bits·ind-1. Registered rotifers were Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) (37.5% of the stations) and Rotaria sp. (12.5% of the stations). In the 17 stations, in Ñahuinpuquio lagoon we recorded a total of 34 species, an average of 12 species (0-27), 22 org·L-1 (0-53) and a value of Shannon-Wiener index 2.95 bit·ind-1. The ro...

One of the most studied plant families in the search for new therapeutic agents is the Asparagaceae, comprising 2480 species, Agave americana L. with the common name maguey and Furcraea andina Trel., named fique plant belong in this family. Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) known as western soapberry is a widely distributed tree, whose fruit was observed to have larvicidal effects on ticks, antimicrobial activity, spermicide, fungicide and molluscicide. Melanoides tuberculata (Muller 1774) (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) is a snail with cosmopolitan distribution especially in tropical areas with high ecological importance. The invasive impact on the diversity of threatened native snails, or at least decrease the native shellfish populations, due to its high biotic potential and high reproductive rate. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of leaves of A. american...

Agave americana L. and Furcraea andina Trel. (Asparagaceae), are important species for search of new pesticide agents. The dipteran Culex quinquefasciatus is common in aquatic environments of Lima and causes painful stings in people. The gastropod Heleobia cumingii D'Orbigny, 1835 (Cochliopidae) is a native snail found in lotic and lentic aquatic environments of Peru. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the insecticide and molluscicide of dry leaves powder and juice in aqueous of A. americana and F. andina on C. quinquefasciatus and H. cumingii. The end point was the mortality of the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus and of the snail H. cumingii. Bark of F. andina showed higher insecticidal effect in relation to other aqueous extracts in toto and periderm evaluated in both plant species. The extract in toto of A. americana showed a greater effect molluscicide in relatio...

Soil contaminated with helminth parasites of animals can pose risks of zoonoses to humans. It is important to determine the transmission dynamics of embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782). The aim of this study was to evaluate soil contamination by T. canis eggs in public parks in the district of Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru in 2007 and 2008. The study was descriptive, longitudinal and comparative. Soil samples were evaluated in November-2007 (spring, n = 39), June-2008 (autumn, n = 37) and November-2008 (spring, n = 41); a total of 117 samples of soil (n = 84) and grass (n = 33) from 51 public parks representing the district of Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru. At each site we measured the area of the park, collecting between 1 to 1.5 kg of soil sample into five equidistant points (four laterals and one central) at a depth of 5 cm. The samples were stored at room temperature fo...

The giant blenny, Scartichthys gigas (Steindachner, 1876) (Blenniidae), is endemic to the eastern South Pacific and abundant in rocky intertidal environments. We investigated some ecological indices of the parasitefauna of 72 S. gigas acquired at Fishing Terminal from Chorrillos, Lima, Peru fromSeptember 2008 to August 2009. Fish were necropsied to census helminth and crustacean parasites. Four species of parasites were found with the following prevalence and mean abundance,respectively: an isopod, Ceratothoa gaudichaudii (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) (1.4% and 0.01), a copepod, Acanthocondria syciasis (Kroyer, 1863) (55.6 and 1.56), a digenean, Zoogonus rubellus (Olson, 1868) (26.4% and 0.26), a nematode, Johnstonmawsonia sp., (6.9 % and 0.17). Only linear correlation was observed between the size of host fish, and the prevalence and total abundance of Z. rubellus. Similarly, the size was fo...

The objective of this research was to evaluate the microecology of the monogenean Mexicana sp., a gill parasite of Anisotremus scapularis (Tschudi, 1846) (Haemulidae), which included: (1) determine the selectivity in relation to the prevalence (P) and numerical average abundance (AMN) to right and left (asymmetry), preference for each of the four gill arches in the host (windshear), sex and size, and (2) use of five indices of aggregation [dispersion index (DI): Variance (S2) / AMN, Green Index (Ig), Morisita index (Id), average aggregation Lloyd (m *) and the rate of aggregation patchiness or half of Lloyd (L)] of Mexicana. Twenty specimens of A. scapularis measuring 17.4 cm to 29 cm were purchased from fish market, district of Chorrillos, Lima, Peru in November 2011. Statistical package was used PASSaGE2 (Pattern Analysis, Spatial Statistical and Geographical Exegesis) to determine the...

The fish Sicyases sanguineus (Müller & Troschel, 1843) lives in rocky intertidal coastal zone attached to rocks and under the influence of waves. It is found between Salaverry (Peru) to Punta Arenas (Chile). Between August and September 2009, 99 specimens of S. sanguineus were obtained from the Fisheries Terminal Chorrillos, Lima, Peru to assess its parasite fauna. Of the fish tested, 47 were females and 52 were males. The fish had a total length of 24.5 ± 4.5 cm (11 cm to 35 cm). The parasite assemblage registered a higher percentage of endoparasites (83.3%) than ectoparasites. The mean parasite species richness was 1.05 ± 1.4 (0 to 4). Twenty hosts showed no parasite (20.2%) and 79 hosts showed infection with at least one parasite (79.8%). The site of infection, prevalence, and mean abundance of the six parasite species found was: a copepod Acanthochondria sicyases (Kroyer, 1863...

Labrisomus philippii (Steindachner, 1866) is a marine fish species of intertidal-subtidal rocky bottom with distribution on the coast of Peru and Chile. 124 specimens of L. philippii were acquired in the Chorrillos Fishmarket, Lima, Peru, between May to September 2008 to evaluate parasitefauna infracommunities. Fish showed a mean length of 19.1 cm (10 cm to 24.5 cm). Parasites were collected and counted employing conventional techniques. Parasite assemblages were higher for endoparasite (99.3%) than ectoparasites abundance (0.70%). The mean parasite species richness as 1.1 (0-5). Forty-seven hosts were not parasited and seventy-seven hosts showed infection at least with one parasite specie. Eight parasites with the following prevalence and mean abundance were found: an unidentified mixosporea (7.2%; 0.1±0.5), the copepod Acanthochondria syciasis (Kroyer, 1863) (4%; 0.04±0.2), three tre...

Thirty-six specimens of Rhinobatos planiceps (Garman, 1880) "Pacific guitar fish" were acquired from the Chorrillos Fishmarket, Lima, Peru between September 2009 and August 2010 to assess the population dynamics of parasitic metazoa. Of the fish examined, 14 were females and 22 were males. The fish had an average total length of 85.0 ± 19.3 cm (27 to 125). Metazoan parasites were collected and counted using standard parasitological protocols. The parasite assemblage recorded a higher percentage of endoparasites than ectoparasites. All hosts showed infection with at least one parasitic species. Ten species were found with the following prevalence of infection and mean abundance: three species of Monogenea: Anoplocotyloides papillatus (41.6% and 1.1), A. chorrillensis (30.5% and 0.5) and Rhinobatonchocotyle pacifica (63.8% and 4.1), three species of cestodes: Rhinebothrium rhinobati (8.3%...

Flathead mullet Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mugilidae) is a carnivore benthopelagic fish of the central coast from Peru. We research some community components of parasitofauna of 74 M. cephalus acquired from Chorrillos Fishmarket, Lima, Peru, between August and December 2008. We necropsy fishes with aim to characterize parasite community, evaluate influence of length and sex of host on its main helminths and crustacean parasites and in addition some diversity patterns on ecology of communities and gill co-occurrence of ectoparasites more prevalents. Fishes showed a total length mean of 31,4 ± 2,7 cm. Mean abundance of infection and mean parasite species richness was 2.3 (0-32) and 0.79 (1-3), respectively. Thirty hosts were not parasited (40.5 %). Infection, with 1, 2 and 3 species of parasites were 32 (43.2 %), 9 (12.2 %) and 3 (4.1 %), respectively. Three ectoparasites were found: ...