The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

Las actividades agropecuarias, sin considerar las potencialidades y limitaciones en el uso de la tierra, son una fuente potencial de degradación del medio ambiente, la erosión hídrica es uno de los principales procesos de degradación ambiental. Se realizó un diagnóstico del potencial de erosión hídrica en la sub-cuenca del río Angasmarca, mediante aplicación de la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelos (USLE) y las técnicas de Geoprocesamiento, que en conjunto se constituyen en una herramienta eficaz para los estudios de este fenómeno. Los factoresde erosiónde USLE objeto de evaluación, la erosividad de las lluvias (R), la erodibilidad del suelo (K), el factor topográfico (LS) y el factor antrópico (CP). La Base de datos fue elaborada con datos de precipitaciones, datos de suelos, datos de topografía, cobertura y uso del suelo a partir de imágenes de satélite, ASTER...

El cuadrángulo de Cotahuasi, corresponde al departamento de Arequipa en una área aproximada a los 3,000 km2, políticamente pertenece a la provincia andina de la Unión siendo su capital Cotahuasi. Sus características desde su marco geomorfológico presenta rasgos que caracterizan el predominio de Valles lnterandinos y de la cordillera del segmento sur-occidental andino, desarrollados entre los 2,350 hasta los 5,230 m.s.n.m observándose episodios volcánicos y geoformas glaciares. Geológicamente las rocas más antiguas corresponden al grupo Yura del Jurásico superior abarca hasta el Cuaternario reciente en síntesis las unidades que se pueden distinguir son las Siguientes rocas sedimentarias del Mesozoico, rocas intrusivas del Terciario, rocas volcánicas del Terciario, así como del Cuatemario y depósitos recientes. La actividad volcánica tuvo largos periodos durante el Plioceno...

Objetivo: Evaluar la depleción del suministro de sangre y el costo por donaciones indeterminadas del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen durante el 2014. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal y análisis de costo-utilidad en donaciones con resultados en zona gris (valor de la muestra/ valor de corte entre los límites > 0.85 y < 1) luego del tamizaje serológico para los siete marcadores infecciosos (HIV, HBsAg, HBcAb, HCV, HTLV-1/2, SÍFILIS y CHAGAS) y la determinación en simultáneo del HIV Ag/Ab combo, por ELISA de cuarta generación. Desde el sistema e–Delphyn® se codificaron y tabularon los datos. El análisis de costos se realizó considerando el tipo de cambio vigente. Resultados: De 9 560 donaciones, el 20.7 % (1977 donaciones) fueron resultados en zona gris lo que ocasionó una pérdida de 863.9 litros de sangre y 92 640 USD. HbcAb con...

Objective: To evaluate the depletion of blood supply and the cost of indeterminate donations at the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital during 2014. Materials and methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study and cost-utility analysis in donations with gray zone results (sample value/cut-off value between the limits > 0.85 and < 1) after serological screening for the seven infectious markers (HIV, HBsAg, HBcAb, HCV, HTLV-1/2, SYPHILIS and CHAGAS) and simultaneous determination of HIV Ag/Ab combo, by fourth-generation ELISA. The data were coded and tabulated from the e-Delphyn® system. The cost analysis was performed considering the current exchange rate. Results: Out of 9,560 donations, 20.7% (1977 donations) were gray zone results, resulting in a loss of 863.9 liters of blood and 92,640 USD. HbcAb with 10.18% (973 indeterminate results) and anti-HIV with 0.39% (37 indete...

Statistical data of prevalence of neoplasms and risks in canines associated to age, sex and breed are not available in Quito, Ecuador. In the present study, 13 573 medical records from 2011 to 2014 were evaluated to identify animals diagnosed by cytology and histopathology as positive for some type of neoplasm. The prevalence of tumors in the population was 4.94%, and the most frequent location was in soft tissues (39.3%), skin and annexes (24.4%) and in females, in the mammary gland (14.3%). The relative risk of developing tumors was four times higher in animals older than 6 years of age; moreover, the predisposition of males to develop tumours skin and annexes was two times higher than in females. Purebred animals older than four years of age are up to 70% more likely to develop tumors than crossbred dogs of similar age.

En Quito, Ecuador, no se dispone de información estadística sobre la prevalencia de neoplasias ni su riesgo asociado a edad, sexo y raza de los caninos. En el presente estudio, a partir de 13 573 historias clínicas recabadas entre 2011 y 2014 se identificaron los animales que fueron diagnosticados mediante citología e histopatología como positivos a algún tipo de neoplasia. La prevalencia de tumoraciones en la población fue de 4.94%, siendo más frecuente en tejidos blandos (39.3%), piel y anexos (24.4%) y en hembras, en la glándula mamaria (14.3%). El riesgo relativo de desarrollar tumores fue cuatro veces mayor en animales de seis o más años de edad; asimismo, los machos son dos veces más predisponentes que las hembras a presentar tumoraciones en piel y anexos. Los animales de razas puras y mayores de cuatro años tendrían hasta 70% mayor probabilidad de desarrollar tumores...

Los MOFs (Metal-Organic Frameworks), son una nueva clase de materiales híbridos microporosos definidos como redes extendidas, conformados por iones metálicos unidos mediante enlaces covalentes coordinados con ligandos orgánicos polifuncionales, formando estructuras en 1D, 2D y 3D. Este estudio computacional evalúa las propiedades electrónicas y reactividad química de una sección de la red metal-orgánico (MOFs) para el cobre con ligandos carboxilato (benzoato) reportado en la Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) denominado clúster de cobre hexaquis (m2-Benzoato-O,O')-hexacobre(I), con el fin de explicar el comportamiento de los sitios activos presentes en su estructura. El cálculo se realizó con el programa Q-Chem 4.0, el cual es utilizado para predicciones precisas de estructuras moleculares, reactividades y espectros vibratorios, electrónicos y de RMN, utilizando la interfaz ...

La pitajaya (Selenicereus megalanthus) es una fruta exótica que se encuentra en las selvas amazónicas, en el caso de Perú, se encuentra con mayor frecuencia en la selva alta. Se caracteriza por tener alto contenido de vitamina C y antioxidantes, lo que la hace apetecible de ser comercializada. Respecto a su procesamiento, este debe ser realizado cerca a la fuente de materias primas, para reducir los costos que se generen. Por el tipo de fruta, no cabe duda que ya procesado puede ser considerado una oportunidad para los pueblos amazónicos eleven su nivel de vida comercializando la pitajaya.

The merceologia is the discipline that studies the classification of goods by either animal, vegetable or mineral or function, according to the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System - SA, based on the following questions: what is it?; what is done?; what is? bearings allowing the correct classification, and for this reason that according to the characteristics of the training chemists and chemical engineering to merceologia proposed as an elective.

La pitajaya (Selenicereus megalanthus) es una fruta exótica que se encuentra en las selvas amazónicas, en el caso de Perú, se encuentra con mayor frecuencia en la selva alta. Se caracteriza por tener alto contenido de vitamina C y antioxidantes, lo que la hace apetecible de ser comercializada. Respecto a su procesamiento, este debe ser realizado cerca a la fuente de materias primas, para reducir los costos que se generen. Por el tipo de fruta, no cabe duda que ya procesado puede ser considerado una oportunidad para los pueblos amazónicos eleven su nivel de vida comercializando la pitajaya.

The merceologia is the discipline that studies the classification of goods by either animal, vegetable or mineral or function, according to the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System - SA, based on the following questions: what is it?; what is done?; what is? bearings allowing the correct classification, and for this reason that according to the characteristics of the training chemists and chemical engineering to merceologia proposed as an elective.

Condylar hyperactivity (CH) is a rare condition that entails a progressive deviation and deformation of the mandible. There is no consensus regarding characteristic histopathological features or a standardized diagnostic process; thus, histopathological analysis of the condyle cannot confirm or exclude an active CH after condylectomy is performed. An electronic search was performed in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS and grey literature up to December 2019. Additionally, a manual search was performed. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the Institute of Health Economics Quality Appraisal. All analyses were performed independently and in duplicate. Seventeen articles from 660 were included. Six articles were crosssectional studies and 11 were case series. Almost all the articles (14) described an augmented thickness of the cartil...

This work was supported by grant CTQ2009-14629-C02-01 (Spain) and the Collaborative Research Project CSIC-CONCYTEC (Peru). W. R. M. thanks MAE-AECI (Spain) for a predoctoral fellowship. We also thank S. Carlin for language advice.

Background: Abandonment of treatment is a major cause of treatment failure and poor survival in children with cancer in low- and middle-income countries. The incidence of treatment abandonment in Peru has not been reported. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with treatment abandonment by pediatric patients with solid tumors in Peru. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the sociodemographic and clinical data of children referred between January 2012 and December 2014 to the two main tertiary centers for childhood cancer in Peru. The definition of treatment abandonment followed the International Society of Paediatric Oncology, Paediatric Oncology in Developing Countries, Abandonment of Treatment recommendation. Results: Data from 1135 children diagnosed with malignant solid tumors were analyzed, of which 209 (18.4%) abandoned treatment. Bivariate ...

Convenio UNSA-INGEMMET

Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Organizaciòn Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el Centro para el Control de las Enfermedades (CDC) en la protecciòn de los trabajadores de la salud contra la hepatitis viral tipo B (VHB), en 1993 el Instituto Peruano del Seguro Social ( hoy ESSALUD), 1993 orientó la vacunaciòn del personal de riesgo en los 4 Hospitales Nacionales, utilizando la vacuna cubana Heberbiovac HB (20mg, esquema 0. 1. 2 meses). Nos propusimos evaluar la persistencia de los anticuerpos en los vacunados después de seis años de la inmunización y la posible existencia de marcadores de infección por el virus B. Se estudiaron los sueros de 144 trabajadores de la salud, para una cobertura de 70,24 % con relación a los 203 seroprotegidos en el estudio inicial. Para la detección de los marcadores en el suero se emplearon métodos inmunoenzimáticos comerciales. El antecedente fué ...