The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of canine brucellosis(Brucella canis) in two districts of the province of Callao. A total of 456 sera werecollected from dogs without distinction of breed, sex and age. Samples were analyzed bythe Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) test using B. ovis antigen. The results indicatedthat 15.6 ± 3.3 (71/456) of sampled animals were positive. No statistical differences werefound due to district, breed, sex or age; however, differences were found (p<0.05) beetweendogs with and without reproductive history (26.5 and 8.6% respectively).

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de brucelosis canina (Brucella canis) en dos distritos de la Provincia Constitucional del Callao. Se recolectaron 456 sueros de perros sin distinción de sexo, raza y edad, que se analizaron mediante la prueba de Inmunodifusión en Gel de Agar (IDGA) con antígeno de B. ovis. Se encontró una prevalencia de 15.6 ± 33% (71/456). No se encontró diferencia estadística significativa entre las variables distrito, sexo, raza o grupo etáreo, pero se encontró diferencia estadística significativa (p<0.05) entre animales con y sin historia reproductiva (26.5 y 8.6%, respectivamente).

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A coprological survey including 476 2–18 year old school children from six rural localities between 2627 and 3061 m altitude was performed in Cajamarca province, Peru. Prevalences of fascioliasis ranging from 6.7 to 47.7% (mean 24.4%) proved to be the highest so far recorded in that human hyperendemic area. Higher prevalences in females and in the 2–5 year old group were not significant. Intensities ranged from 24 to 864 eggs per gram (arithmetic mean: 113; geometric mean: 68), the majority shedding less than 100, and without significant differences according to gender or age group. Fasciola hepatica was the most common helminth within a spectrum of 11–12 protozoan and 9–11 helminth species, 97.3% of the children showing infection with at least one parasite. The highest levels corresponded to coinfection with seven different species in females and subjects older than 5 years. Fas...

Climate change will damage a scale difficult to measure. Its magnitude and peculiarity may lead us to reconsider how we understand some fundamental legal and moral concepts. In this paper the concept of legal responsibility is analyzed, trying to determine what would be the changes that should operate in their traditional use to deal with situations that can lead to global climate change in the coming decades. To do this we will make a general reflection on the limits and foundations of legal responsibility, analyzing the subjective or personal responsibility, and establishing the conditions that could accept collective legal liability for damages that could generate climate change. Finally we reflect on the feasibility of considering as the main contributor to climate change the capitalist mode of production and political alternatives that are available to mitigate their effects.

The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...

Background: Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction. The adaptive immune response associated with T helper-2 lymphocytes appears to be altered in these patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-5, and IL-4 in patients with pSS when compared to a healthy control (HC) group. The secondary objectives were to study whether ILs levels in pSS patients were associated with salivary flow, patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) for xerostomia and oral health quality of life (Oral Health Impact Profile-14 [OHIP-14]), pSS classification criteria and presence of extraglandular manifestations. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 36 patients with pSS and 35 HCs. Cytokine levels were measured using high-sensitivity multiplex map human immunoassays. Unstimul...

Funding: This research was funded by the Project Concytec – Banco Mundial “Mejoramiento y Ampliación de los Servicios del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica” 8682, through its executing unit Fondecyt [Contrato N° 119-2018-FONDECYT-BM-IADT-MU]. M. J. S acknowledge fondecyt 1180059.

Objetivo. Determinar la concordancia entre cinco criterios diagnósticos de síndrome metabólico (SM) entre adolescentes residentes de una zona altoandina del Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con datos secundarios de un estudio de intervención en dos escuelas públicas en el año 2019. Participaron 397 adolescentes que residen en la ciudad de Cajamarca ubicada en la región andina del Perú. Se aplicaron cinco criterios diagnósticos: Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP-III) modificados por Cook, de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes (IDF), de la American Heart Association (AHA), de Ferranti, y de la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS). Se estimaron las prevalencias puntuales y de intervalo con los cinco criterios. Se estimó el coeficiente de concordancia de Kappa con su respectivo intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). Resultados. El criterio de F...