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1
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Authors are very thankful to CONCYTECFONDECYT, process E041-01 (Contract number 123-2018-FONDECYT-BM-IADT/AV), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Process 305250/2019-1, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES) Finance Code 001 and Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado (PNPD).
2
artículo
The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...
3
artículo
The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...
4
artículo
The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...
5
artículo
The coffee industry, coffee shops and restaurants are in constant expansion and growth. Consequently, large amounts of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) are generated, which are solid coffee residues obtained after the ground coffee leaching process. This residue can be reused because of its compounds as phenolics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time (30-90 min) assisted by ultrasound (45kHz and 50 W), liquid-solid ratio (10-40 ml/g) and ethanol concentration (20-93.8%) in the total phenolic compounds (CFT) content expressed as mg gallic acid/g SCG dry matter. Surface response methodology (MSR) was used, as an efficient technique that minimizes the number of experiments, through the central rotational compound design (DCCR) to determine the effect of these 3 factors and to perform the optimization of the extraction process conditions of total phenoli...
6
artículo
Corn is the most cultivated cereal in the world, however, only 20% of the total mass corresponds to the edible part, leaving the rest as wastes, whose recovery is still a challenge. In particular, in Peru, maize crop residues usually get disposed by open-air incineration, impacting the nearby grounds and releasing greenhouse gases. Addressing this problem, this research focus on the extraction of cellulose from corn husk waste through the combination of both mechanical (drying, milling and sieving) and chemical treatments (alkaline treatment and bleaching). The cellulose was extracted with a 79.4% yield while its purity was estimated on 70.3%. On the other hand, the crystallinity and morphology of the sample were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The diffractogram allowed the identification of intense peaks in a characteristic pattern of c...
7
artículo
Publicado 2020
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In the present work, it was proposal a process for the extraction of sodium alginate, which was obtained from the brown macroalgae Macrocystis pyrifera collected in La Punta-Callao. The extraction process presented a yield of 12 % and the alginate obtained was characterized by FT-IR and 13C NMR techniques in solid state, which was compared with a commercial alginate. The evaluation of the presence of mannuronic and guluronic blocks has been carried out through the use of the 2nd derivative, obtaining characteristic signals at 894 cm-1 for C1-H α – L – guluronic in AlgM and at 885 cm-1 for C1-H anomeric region of the β-D-mannuronic in AlgC. Moreover, characteristic signals were assigned for the algae spectrum at 902 cm-1 and at 812 cm-1 corresponding to vibrations of the α – L – guluronic blocks. By 13C NMR in solid state, a characteristic peak was obtained at 102.4 ppm for Alg...
8
artículo
We present a new process for the extraction of carminic acid (ACAR) from cochineal using mass- separating agent R300 (MSA R300) and an organic solvent with affinity only with the ACAR.
9
artículo
We present a new process for the extraction of carminic acid (ACAR) from cochineal using mass- separating agent R300 (MSA R300) and an organic solvent with affinity only with the ACAR.
10
artículo
The aim of this study was to extract collagen from the waste produced in the processing of anchovies (canned and surimi). To this end, non-collagenous proteins was solubilized with a solution of 0,1N sodium hydroxide and neutralized with successive washes with water (pH close to neutral). Then, the residues were decalcified with a EDTA 0,5M solution; degreased with butanol 10% and finally the collagen protein were solubilized with acetic acid 0,5M and precipitated with sodium chloride 2,6M. Collagen precipitated was dialyzed and lyophilized. The hydroxyproline content (Hip) were quantified in waste and lyophilized collagen, getting the values of 6,5 and 52,9 mg of hydroxyproline/g sample, respectively. The solubility of lyophilized collagen decreased about 40% at a concentration of 12% NaCl. Gel electrophoresis showed a strong band of approximately 110 kDa molecular weight that correspon...
11
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Senecio rufescens DC. is a South American Andean plant traditionally used to treat “altitude sickness” and gastrointestinal ailments. In the process of adaptation to extreme conditions, it developed its ability to biosynthesize secondary metabolites of great therapeutic importance such as phenolic compounds. Therefore, this research was developed with the objective of determining of total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols and the antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract of the leaves and its fractions of n - hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanolic, respectively. The methanolic fraction showed the highest content of total phenols (149,81 ± 5,02 GAE/g of extract), flavonoids (47,33 ± 2,27 QE/g of extract) and flavonols (14,34 ± 0,69 QE/g of extract) (p <0,05), while, its antioxidant capacity (529,80 ± 14,30; 444,38 ± 11,31; 406,86 ± 24,58 μmoles ET/g of extra...
12
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Polysaccharides isolated from Pattalus mollis (PPM) were obtained by the method of enzymatic hydrolysis and by precipitation with ethanol. A component analysis was carried out, which consisted in the determination of the content of sulfates, total sugars and total proteins by conventional methods. The objective of this study was to obtain the polysaccharides by enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzyme papain was used to break peptide bonds and ethanol to precipitate polysaccharides. The content of sulfates, total sugars and proteins was 2.36, 2.83 and 22.3%, respectively.
13
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter) Cohn 1872 is one of the bacteria found in the environment that presents colonies with a very characteristic yellowish color. Previously, this color was identified as the result of carotenoid production in this species and that it can have a variety of beneficial properties that may depend on the origin of isolation. Currently, it is important to explore several food grade pigments from natural sources and their potential effects on the food industry, human or veterinary health since they tend to be less harmful. For that reason, the first objective of the study was to extract this carotenoid pigment from M. luteus isolated from the environment with volatile organic solvents. Second, to characterize this pigment using a Thin Layer Chromatography technique. Finally, to perform an antimicrobial essay testing some of most common pathogens in human and animal he...
14
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter) Cohn 1872 is one of the bacteria found in the environment that presents colonies with a very characteristic yellowish color. Previously, this color was identified as the result of carotenoid production in this species and that it can have a variety of beneficial properties that may depend on the origin of isolation. Currently, it is important to explore several food grade pigments from natural sources and their potential effects on the food industry, human or veterinary health since they tend to be less harmful. For that reason, the first objective of the study was to extract this carotenoid pigment from M. luteus isolated from the environment with volatile organic solvents. Second, to characterize this pigment using a Thin Layer Chromatography technique. Finally, to perform an antimicrobial essay testing some of most common pathogens in human and animal he...
15
artículo
Publicado 2020
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the extraction and microencapsulation of antioxidant compounds from Oenocarpus bataua Mart seed, commonly known as “ungurahui” or “patawa”. The extraction process was performed in an ultrasonic bath and the orthogonal composite central design of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal extraction conditions, using two factors: ethanol concentration (48.44 to 91.56%) and extraction time (13.83 to 46.17 min). The optimal extraction conditions (48.44% ethanol and 13.83 min) allowed to obtain the extract (EUL) with the highest number of antioxidants (yield (YI): 24.64%, total phenolic content (TPC): 452.76 mg GAE/g EUL and DPPH: 74.26%). Microencapsulation of EUL with maltodextrin by spray drying produced microcapsules (EUM) of homogeneous size (5 µm), without cracks or fissures and that preserved its...
16
artículo
Publicado 2020
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the extraction and microencapsulation of antioxidant compounds from Oenocarpus bataua Mart seed, commonly known as “ungurahui” or “patawa”. The extraction process was performed in an ultrasonic bath and the orthogonal composite central design of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal extraction conditions, using two factors: ethanol concentration (48.44 to 91.56%) and extraction time (13.83 to 46.17 min). The optimal extraction conditions (48.44% ethanol and 13.83 min) allowed to obtain the extract (EUL) with the highest number of antioxidants (yield (YI): 24.64%, total phenolic content (TPC): 452.76 mg GAE/g EUL and DPPH: 74.26%). Microencapsulation of EUL with maltodextrin by spray drying produced microcapsules (EUM) of homogeneous size (5 µm), without cracks or fissures and that preserved its...
17
artículo
At present, the use of DNA extracted from non-invasive samples, especially feces, is common practice in the discipline of conservation genetics. Even though DNA analysis is often difficult mainly due to the composition and preservation of feces has been shown in many species with the development of suitable extraction methods is possible to maximize the reliability and effectiveness of such procedures. The objective of this study has been optimization of a protocol for the extraction of DNA from vicuña feces (Vicugna vicugna mensalis), species classified as Near Threatened in Peru, in order to obtain DNA of sufficient quality for molecular analysis. A total of 51 samples were taken from vicuña dung piles in two communities located 4600 meters above sea level in the dry Puna ecosystems of the regions of Junin and Moquegua between August and September 2008. After observing defecation, sa...
18
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fructose polymers, linked by β-glucosidic bonds (2-1), considered low caloric food sweeteners with prebiotic function and can be obtained from sucrose by biosynthesis. The fruits of the carob tree (Prosopis pallida) contain mainly carbohydrates where sucrose stands out. For this reason, the production of FOS from carob extract was optimized using a pectinase from A. aculeatus. The response surface methodology using was applied to optimize the parameters that affected production: time, temperature and carob extract; then they were verified experimentally. The biosynthesis process of FOS was carried out with carob extract at the concentrations of 20, 35 and 50 ° Bx, Pectinase at 10, 35 and 61mg, at 45, 55 and 65 °C for 0,5, 9,5 and 18 h, with stirring at 150 rpm The analysis methods were glucose oxidase and AOAC 999.03, for glucose and FOS respectively a...
19
artículo
Publicado 2013
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The present article discusses the way we approach the process of change in rural communities with active presence of extractive industries. As an example, it presents a study about a peasant community from the Peruvian northern coast where a petroleum extraction project is being developed. The case analysis suggests that, in such contexts, different and conflicting patterns of resource, such as land usage, valuation, access and appropriation are configured, leading to a very complex scenario for the decision making process about the future of these resources. The article thus states that categories such as social-environmental management, conflict resolution, and negotiation can lead to a simplified interpretation of reality. In this sense, by presenting some critical issues, it argues the importance of adopting anthropological and sociological approaches in order to consider the...
20
artículo
Publicado 2014
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The amount of oleoresin was determined and the bioactive components were quantified by high efficiency liquid chromatograph (HPLC) obtaining, in the chromatograms, lutein, beta-carotene and licopene in large quantities. After determination of fruit maturity index, the fruits were conditioning –it was 4,71–; then were dehydrated at 40°C for 96 hours on a tray dryer, and were ground and sieved by) a mesh with diameter smaller than 425 μm. Subsequently, the cell walls were hydrolyzed to extract lutein from dry tissue using a cellulose enzyme complex. Following leaching was performed using a mixture of hexane, ethanol, acetone and toluene in a ratio of 10:6:7: 7 (v/v/v/v) at a temperature of 35°C for a time of 3 hours. The third treatment gave better results in the extraction of lutein, this was performed at 30°C for 4 hours and substrate:enzyme ratio 1:16. A yield of 98,30 mg lutein...
