Antes de escribir este trabajo el primer problema fue establecer una definición precisa de la expresión «no invasiva». Según el diccionario, se puede ver que la «invasión» es una entrada violenta en un país o en el cuerpo. Es así como normalmente se deben presentar los métodos in vitro para el estudio de las nuevas formas de administración. Sin embargo, no es eso lo que la gente espera. Se considera las técnicas no invasivas como «técnicas no violentas, no traumatizantes», porque se hacen en seres humanos sanos a quienes se administran las formas farmacéuticas cuyo destino es estudiado directamente in situ. Estas técnicas no presentan peligro para el voluntario, no son violentas y además tienen una gran sensibilidad ya que durante el trabajo se puede tomar muchas muestras, y emplear dispositivos para facilitar la observación directa.

Antes de escribir este trabajo el primer problema fue establecer una definición precisa de la expresión «no invasiva». Según el diccionario, se puede ver que la «invasión» es una entrada violenta en un país o en el cuerpo. Es así como normalmente se deben presentar los métodos in vitro para el estudio de las nuevas formas de administración. Sin embargo, no es eso lo que la gente espera. Se considera las técnicas no invasivas como «técnicas no violentas, no traumatizantes», porque se hacen en seres humanos sanos a quienes se administran las formas farmacéuticas cuyo destino es estudiado directamente in situ. Estas técnicas no presentan peligro para el voluntario, no son violentas y además tienen una gran sensibilidad ya que durante el trabajo se puede tomar muchas muestras, y emplear dispositivos para facilitar la observación directa.

p. 16-22

Informe IMARPE; n° 81, 1981, p. 111-170 (parte III)

In this work, we synthesized and characterized structurally the rare earth iron garnets R3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 (R = Sm, Gd) by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman microscopy, and magnetization. The samples were synthesized using the co-precipitation synthesis method and calcined at a temperature between 500 and 900 °C stepwise 100 °C. Sm3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 and Gd3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 powder samples were indexed with a garnet cubic structure belonging to the Ia3?d space group. Structural analyzes indicate that the inclusion of Al instead of Fe slightly decreases the temperature of magnetic ordering. Crystallite sizes calculated from Scherrer's equation and Williamson-Hall method from XDR were 118 nm and 103 nm for Sm3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 and Gd3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 respectively. The SEM analysis results revealed that the particles were formed with average sizes of 469 nm to Sm3Fe4.9Al0.1O...

Chitosan is a biodegradable, antibacterial, and nontoxic biopolymer used in a wide range of applications including biotechnology, pharmacy, and medicine. The physicochemical and biological properties of chitosan have been associated with parameters such as the degree of polymerization (DP) and the fraction of acetylation (FA). New methods are being developed to yield chitosans of specific acetylation patterns, and, recently, a correlation between biological activity and the distribution of the acetylated units (PA: pattern of acetylation) has been demonstrated. Although there are numerous well-established methods for the determination of DP and FA values, this is not the case for PA. The methods available are either not straightforward or not sensitive enough, limiting their use for routine analysis. In this study, we demonstrate that by applying HOmodecoupled Band-Selective (HOBS) decou...

Chagas disease is a trypanosomiasis disease inflicted by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. In Latin America, at least 10 million people are infected and annually, 10,000 casualties are deplored. Macrophage infectivity potentiator protein is one of the major virulence factors secreted by T. cruzi (TcMIP) in order to infect its host but little is known about its mechanism of action. Studies confer TcMIP an important role in the extracellular matrix transmigration and basal lamina penetration. Here, we report the backbone 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignment of TcMIP and the comparison of the secondary structure obtained against reported X-ray crystallography data.

The first weather radar campaign over Lima, the capital of Peru, a desertic area on the western side of the Peruvian Andes, was carried out to study the occurrence of rain events in summer 2018. The weather radar was installed strategically and was able to overlook three river basins: Rimac, Chillón, and Lurin. An X-band radar (PX-1000) was used, which operates at 9.55 GHz. PX-1000 was built by the Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) at the University of Oklahoma (U.S.A.). The radar operated from January 26th to April 1st, 2018, at Cerro Suche located 2910 m ASL and 55 km from the city of Lima. The PX-1000 performed plan-position-indicators (PPI) for elevations starting at 0° up to 20°. The data presented here were obtained using a three-dimensional constant-altitude plan-position-indicator (3D CAPPI), which was generated by high resolution (250 m) nearest point algorithm. © 2021

A millenary building material that has been used in many cultures is "adobe". In the Peruvian Andean regions during the winter, the temperature decreases drastically (+5 to -15°C), affecting the health of people of vulnerable age, agriculture and bovine livestock. Bioclimatic techniques must be considered to provide a comfortable thermal environment in the interior of housing. Furthermore, knowing the thermal conductivity of the elements that compose the houses allows us to perform thermal exchange simulations before construction is developed. Specifically, in this investigation, the thermal conductivity of adobe with and without Stipa ichu was measured as 0.371 W/m K and 0.349 W/m K, respectively, considering the norm ASTM C177 for that purpose. The mechanical behavior is as important as the thermal properties, and a value of 2.41 N/mm2 was obtained for unit compression. Additionally, ...

The main objective of this study is to assess the ability of several high-resolution satellite-based precipitation estimates to represent the Precipitation Diurnal Cycle (PDC) over Brazil during the 2014–2018 period, after the launch of the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite (GPM). The selected algorithms are the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP), The Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and Climate Prediction Center (CPC) MORPHing technique (CMORPH). Hourly rain gauge data from different national and regional networks were used as the reference dataset after going through rigid quality control tests. All datasets were interpolated to a common 0.1° × 0.1° grid every 3 h for comparison. After a hierarchical cluster analysis, seven regions with different PDC characteristics (amplitude and phase) were selected for this study. The main results of...

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The merceologia is the discipline that studies the classification of goods by either animal, vegetable or mineral or function, according to the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System - SA, based on the following questions: what is it?; what is done?; what is? bearings allowing the correct classification, and for this reason that according to the characteristics of the training chemists and chemical engineering to merceologia proposed as an elective.

A lthough stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a native of Peru, has become a business opportun ity far the development of the crop due to the variety of ecologica l zones to the country. The contribution of the show lies in chemical engineering with firsthand information source for the competitive advantage that this plan! will become a new alternative crop for Peru, showing al the preliminary technical and economic feasibility of processing.

El hidróxido de calcio entre otros han sido usados por mucho tiempo en la odontología debido a sus propiedades antibacterianas y a su favorable biocompatibilidad cuando se compara con otros agentes antibacteriales.

Introduction: The healthy carrier is the main disseminator of pneumococcal infections through nasopharynx; an alternative for treatment is a medicinal plant. Objectives: To determine the effectivity of ten medicinal plants against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Design: In vitro experimental study. Biologic materials: Medicinal plant extracts and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Interventions: Ten medicinal plant extracts were put in contact in vitro with 10 different Streptococcus pneumonia strains. Main outcome measures: Medicinal plant extracts activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Results: Only almendro y Bellaco caspi showed small inhibition halos with some strains; with almendro two of 10 Pneumococcus strains were inhibited and with Bellaco caspi seven strains were inhibited and three were resistant. These results had no relation either with Pneumococcus serotype or with an...

El hidróxido de calcio entre otros han sido usados por mucho tiempo en la odontología debido a sus propiedades antibacterianas y a su favorable biocompatibilidad cuando se compara con otros agentes antibacteriales.

The merceologia is the discipline that studies the classification of goods by either animal, vegetable or mineral or function, according to the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System - SA, based on the following questions: what is it?; what is done?; what is? bearings allowing the correct classification, and for this reason that according to the characteristics of the training chemists and chemical engineering to merceologia proposed as an elective.

Aunque la stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) no es oriunda del Perú, se ha convertido en una oportun idad de negocios para el desarrollo de su cultivo debido a la variedad de pisos ecológicos que cuenta el país. La contribución de la ingeniería química reside en demostrar, con información de primera fuente, la ventaja competitiva para que esta planta se convierta en un nuevo cultivo alternativo para el Perú, demostrándose a nivel preliminar la factibil idad técnico-económica de su procesamiento.

No presenta resumen