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1
artículo
Publicado 2015
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The involvement of the Internal Mammary Chain has been investigated in an unselected consecutive serie of 94 cases of carcinoma of the breast. In 18 cases or 19.1 per cent metastasis were found in the internal mammary chain, in 2 of which the axillary lymph nodes had not been invaded. Invasion of the internal mammary chain was present in 27.6 per cent when there was metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes and the greater the degree of axillary involvement the more likely it is that the internal mammary chain will be invaded. The location of the tumor plays an important role in the incidence of internal mammary chain involvement. The internal mammary chain was invaded in 43.4 per cent when the tumor was situated in the inner half of the breast and 21.4 per cent when it was in the sub-aereolar region of the breast and 8.7 per cent when it was located in the outer half of the breast. The typ...
2
artículo
Publicado 2015
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The involvement of the Internal Mammary Chain has been investigated in an unselected consecutive serie of 94 cases of carcinoma of the breast. In 18 cases or 19.1 per cent metastasis were found in the internal mammary chain, in 2 of which the axillary lymph nodes had not been invaded. Invasion of the internal mammary chain was present in 27.6 per cent when there was metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes and the greater the degree of axillary involvement the more likely it is that the internal mammary chain will be invaded. The location of the tumor plays an important role in the incidence of internal mammary chain involvement. The internal mammary chain was invaded in 43.4 per cent when the tumor was situated in the inner half of the breast and 21.4 per cent when it was in the sub-aereolar region of the breast and 8.7 per cent when it was located in the outer half of the breast. The typ...
3
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Metastatic lymph node involvement is the most important prognostic factor in breast cancer. To know the degree of infiltration of the same involved progression-free survival, global survival and risk of early recurrence of the disease, and this in turn would help to know the adjuvant therapies that patients will receive. We present a case with a diagnosis of stage IB invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast undergoing selective sentinel lymph node biopsy showing lymphocentellography, single migration to the internal mammary gland without access to it due to its retrocostal anatomical location, and axillary exploration and dissection were decided because this is what our protocol includes, based on cases like this, it forces us to carry out a review and update of the subject, and thus readjust our action protocols with the introduction of novel techniques in our country and the result...
4
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Metastatic lymph node involvement is the most important prognostic factor in breast cancer. To know the degree of infiltration of the same involved progression-free survival, global survival and risk of early recurrence of the disease, and this in turn would help to know the adjuvant therapies that patients will receive. We present a case with a diagnosis of stage IB invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast undergoing selective sentinel lymph node biopsy showing lymphocentellography, single migration to the internal mammary gland without access to it due to its retrocostal anatomical location, and axillary exploration and dissection were decided because this is what our protocol includes, based on cases like this, it forces us to carry out a review and update of the subject, and thus readjust our action protocols with the introduction of novel techniques in our country and the result...
5
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (a novel coronavirus), which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan, China and declared a global health emergency, is currently considered an additional challenge in the management of patients with breast cancer (BC). Cancer patients are more vulnerable to becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and are more likely to suffer additional complications that can increase mortality. Identifying those BC patients who require more urgent therapy than others in the current situation is essential. These recommendations are based on and have been adapted from those similarly published by international scientific societies for BC management. They are divided mainly by clinical stage (early, advanced), subtype [lumi...
6
artículo
Publicado 2017
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Purpose: To evaluate the benefit of low-dose cyclophosphamide and methotrexate (CM) maintenance, which previously demonstrated antitumor activity and few adverse effects in advanced breast cancer, in early breast cancer. Patients and methods: International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial 22-00, a randomized phase III clinical trial, enrolled 1,086 women (1,081 intent-to-treat) from November 2000 to December 2012. Women with estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-negative (< 10% positive cells by immunohistochemistry) early breast cancer any nodal and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, were randomly assigned anytime between primary surgery and 56 days after the first day of last course of adjuvant chemotherapy to CM maintenance (cyclophosphamide 50 mg/day orally continuously and methotrexate 2.5 mg twice/day orally on days 1 and 2 of every week for 1 year) or t...
7
artículo
Publicado 2020
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This ESO-ESMO ABC 5 Clinical Practice Guideline provides key recommendations for managing advanced breast cancer patients. It provides updates on managing patients with all breast cancer subtypes, LABC, follow-up, palliative and supportive care. Updated diagnostic and treatment algorithms are also provided. All recommendations were compiled by a multidisciplinary group of international experts. Recommendations are based on available clinical evidence and the collective expert opinion of the authors.
8
artículo
Publicado 2021
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The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) has immunogenic infiltration of lymphocytes with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These patients may potentially benefit from ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling axis. The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as predictive and prognostic biomarkers has been under intense examination. Emerging data suggest that TILs are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly for patients with triple-negative BC. In this review from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, we discuss (a) the biological understanding of TILs, (b) their analytical and clinical validity and efforts toward the clinical utility in BC, and (c) t...
9
artículo
Publicado 2017
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Purpose To describe benefits and toxicities of adjuvant endocrine therapies in women younger than 35 years with breast cancer (n = 582) enrolled in the Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial (SOFT) and Tamoxifen and Exemestane Trial (TEXT). Methods In SOFT, women still premenopausal after surgery with or without chemotherapy were randomly assigned to tamoxifen alone, tamoxifen plus ovarian function suppression (OFS), or exemestane plus OFS. In TEXT, all received OFS with or without concomitant chemotherapy and were randomly assigned to exemestane plus OFS or tamoxifen plus OFS. We summarize treatment efficacy, quality of life, and adherence of the cohort of women younger than 35 years in SOFT and TEXT, alongside data from the cohort of older premenopausal women. Results For 240 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative patients younger than 35 years enrolled in SOFT after receivin...
10
artículo
Publicado 2015
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Our behavior we adopt the criterion of "operability" of Haagansen and Stout and continue practicing Radical Mastectomy associating postoperative radiotherapy, and for the moment we do not support expanded operations: a) the supraclavicular for consideration at the group of inoperable b) of the internal mammary chain, because we expect to be sanctioned by time; rather we advise exploratory behavior, in order to establish an accurate forecast. We recommended in elderly with high surgical risk and simple mastectomy and ulcerated tumors as a palliative measure. We remove the only recurrences and ordered the radiotherapy treatment. The oophorectomy in young, we do not do routine; remissions observed when practiced in recurrences and metastases. The other procedures await the sanction of time.
11
artículo
Publicado 2015
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Our behavior we adopt the criterion of "operability" of Haagansen and Stout and continue practicing Radical Mastectomy associating postoperative radiotherapy, and for the moment we do not support expanded operations: a) the supraclavicular for consideration at the group of inoperable b) of the internal mammary chain, because we expect to be sanctioned by time; rather we advise exploratory behavior, in order to establish an accurate forecast. We recommended in elderly with high surgical risk and simple mastectomy and ulcerated tumors as a palliative measure. We remove the only recurrences and ordered the radiotherapy treatment. The oophorectomy in young, we do not do routine; remissions observed when practiced in recurrences and metastases. The other procedures await the sanction of time.
12
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Of the various objective factors that have been evaluated and could be used to predict a particular case that has just been treated surgically , has been considered : the size of the primary tumor nodule , the presence or absence of nodal metastases , type of neoplasia , degree of cell differentiation, degree of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis. From the above elements we found that the degree of fibrosis and the degree of cell differentiation does not appear to be useful because no significant differences between the group of patients alive and dead by the group of neoplasia. In other words, these factors do not appear to influence the course of the disease . Instead, the following factors: primary tumor size , degree of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the tumor and lymph node metastasis is if valuable elements in the prediction of evolution. In short, one could argue that ...
13
artículo
Background: In the Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial (SOFT) and the Tamoxifen and Exemestane Trial (TEXT), the 5-year rates of recurrence of breast cancer were significantly lower among premenopausal women who received the aromatase inhibitor exemestane plus ovarian suppression than among those who received tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression. The addition of ovarian suppression to tamoxifen did not result in significantly lower recurrence rates than those with tamoxifen alone. Here, we report the updated results from the two trials. Methods: Premenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive 5 years of tamoxifen, tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression, or exemestane plus ovarian suppression in SOFT and to receive tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression or exemestane plus ovarian suppression in TEXT. Randomization was stratified according to the receipt of chemotherapy. Results: In SOFT, th...
14
artículo
Publicado 2023
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Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the breast. Treatment for breast cancer usually involves X-ray, chemotherapy, or a combination of both treatments. Detecting cancer at an early stage can save a person's life. Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a very important role in this area. Therefore, predicting breast cancer remains a very challenging issue for clinicians and researchers. This work aims to predict the probability of breast cancer in patients. Using machine learning (ML) models such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), K-Nearest Neightbot (KNN), AdaBoost (AB), Bagging, Gradient Boosting (GB), and Random Forest (RF). The breast cancer diagnostic medical dataset from the Wisconsin repository has been used. The dataset includes 569 observations and 32 features. Following the data analysis methodology, data cleaning, exploratory analysis, training, testing, and...
15
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Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with aggressive biology and complex tumor evolution. Our purpose was to identify enrichment patterns of genomic alterations in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Methods: Genomic data were retrieved (mutations and copy number variations) from 550 primary TNBC tumors from the Molecular Tax- onomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets and 58 mTNBC tumors from “Mutational Profile of Metastatic Breast Cancers” and “The Metastatic Breast Cancer Project.” Statistical analysis of microarray data between primary and metastatic tumors was performed using a chi-square test, and the percentage of mutation enrichment in mTNBC cases was estimated. P-values were adjusted for multiple testing with Benjamini-Hochberg method with a false-discovery ...
16
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The goal of this report is to analyze, in a general way, the structure and mechanism of action of drug-conjugated monoclonal (ADC) and examine the studies that led their approval in advanced/metastatic breast cancer (ABC). PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases were used between 2000 and 2022; Bibliographic references were searched for the keywords associated with ADC and ABC. ADCs combine classical monoclonal assays with a linker and a cytotoxic payload to destroy cancer cells in a targeted manner, when there is internalization of the corresponding receptor. There are currently three ACDs that have been approved for the treatment of CMAM; studies that have demonstrated significant advantages in progression-free survival when compared to standard treatment; evaluation of its main adverse events; implications for its management in our everyday lives; and potential inclusion in the current tr...
17
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A female patient with a history of ductal carcinoma in situ in the left breast, status-post bilateral mastectomy with deep inferior epigastric perforator artery flap reconstructive surgery, presented with a right breast asymmetry concerning for fat necrosis. Histological analysis revealed the presence of benign glands and associated stroma within fibroadipose tissue, confirmed as endometriosis by immunohistochemical analysis. Further investigation revealed that the patient had a previous diagnosis of endometriosis associated with a cesarean section scar that likely seeded the ectopic endometrial glands into a tertiary site by utilizing abdominal tissue that may have harbored endometriosis.
18
artículo
Publicado 2023
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Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide. One of the biggest challenges for physicians and technological support systems is early detection, because it is easier to treat and establish curative treatments. Currently, assistive technology systems use images to detect patterns of behavior with respect to patients who have been found to have some type of cancer. This work aims to identify and classify breast cancer using deep learning models and convolutional neural networks (CNN) with transfer learning. For the breast cancer detection process, 7803 real images with benign and malignant labels were used, which were provided by BreaKHis on the Kaggle platform. The convolutional basis (parameters) of pre-trained models VGG16, VGG19, Resnet-50 and Inception-V3 were used. The TensorFlow framework, keras and Python libraries were also used to retrain the parameters of t...
19
artículo
Publicado 2023
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Background: Fertility is an important issue for young women with breast cancer, but studies about physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward fertility preservation (FP) are largely based on Western populations and do not reflect recent international guidelines for FP. In this international study, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians from South Korea, other Asian countries, and Latin America toward FP in young women with breast cancer, and identify the related barriers. Methods: The survey was conducted anonymously among physicians from South Korea, other Asian countries, and Latin America involved in breast cancer care between November 2020 and July 2021. Topics included knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward FP; practice behaviors; barriers; and participant demographics. We grouped related questions around two main themes—discuss...
20
artículo
Publicado 2023
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the deaths in Peru were related to COVID-19; however, cancer deaths have also been exacerbated in the first months of the pandemic. Despite this, excess mortalities of prostate, breast, and uterus cancer are not available by age group and region from January to December 2020. Therefore, we estimated the excess deaths and excess death rates (per 100,000 habitants) due to prostate, breast, and uterus cancer in 25 Peruvian regions. We did a time series analysis. Prostate, breast, and uterus cancer death data for 25 Peruvian regions were retrieved during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, as well as data for up to 3 years prior (2017–2019) from the Sistema Informatico Nacional de Defunciones at the Ministry of Health of Peru. Deaths in 2020 were defined as observed deaths. The expected deaths (in 2020) were estimated using the average deaths over 3 precedi...
