Clearly there is a public demand for a more suitable method in cancer control which is manifested by the common desire of the population that is made more effective in the attack of the disease.

The involvement of the Internal Mammary Chain has been investigated in an unselected consecutive serie of 94 cases of carcinoma of the breast. In 18 cases or 19.1 per cent metastasis were found in the internal mammary chain, in 2 of which the axillary lymph nodes had not been invaded. Invasion of the internal mammary chain was present in 27.6 per cent when there was metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes and the greater the degree of axillary involvement the more likely it is that the internal mammary chain will be invaded. The location of the tumor plays an important role in the incidence of internal mammary chain involvement. The internal mammary chain was invaded in 43.4 per cent when the tumor was situated in the inner half of the breast and 21.4 per cent when it was in the sub-aereolar region of the breast and 8.7 per cent when it was located in the outer half of the breast. The typ...

Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women, it ranks third as a cause of cancer death in the city of Lima, and the second in the incidence of female cancers. But despite the best efforts to achieve an early diagnosis of breast cancer, through physician education and public education particularly with the recommendation of self breast examination by women, yet the diagnosis it is delayed and therefore advanced breast cancer and inoperable thus constitutes a major problem whose magnitude can be a precious when we consider that in our series, 39 percent of patients when viewed in the first query are inoperable and 50 percent of operated will recurrences or spread of the disease during the first three years following the operation, which means that in the course of this time, nearly 70 percent of patients live with advanced breast cancer.

The involvement of the Internal Mammary Chain has been investigated in an unselected consecutive serie of 94 cases of carcinoma of the breast. In 18 cases or 19.1 per cent metastasis were found in the internal mammary chain, in 2 of which the axillary lymph nodes had not been invaded. Invasion of the internal mammary chain was present in 27.6 per cent when there was metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes and the greater the degree of axillary involvement the more likely it is that the internal mammary chain will be invaded. The location of the tumor plays an important role in the incidence of internal mammary chain involvement. The internal mammary chain was invaded in 43.4 per cent when the tumor was situated in the inner half of the breast and 21.4 per cent when it was in the sub-aereolar region of the breast and 8.7 per cent when it was located in the outer half of the breast. The typ...

Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women, it ranks third as a cause of cancer death in the city of Lima, and the second in the incidence of female cancers. But despite the best efforts to achieve an early diagnosis of breast cancer, through physician education and public education particularly with the recommendation of self breast examination by women, yet the diagnosis it is delayed and therefore advanced breast cancer and inoperable thus constitutes a major problem whose magnitude can be a precious when we consider that in our series, 39 percent of patients when viewed in the first query are inoperable and 50 percent of operated will recurrences or spread of the disease during the first three years following the operation, which means that in the course of this time, nearly 70 percent of patients live with advanced breast cancer.

Accurate knowledge of the total blood loss during surgery, helps to get maximum benefit from transfusions. Blood should be given to the volume and rate of loss. The maintenance of circulating volume of red blood cells in the normal range, should consider it as an elementary fact in surgery patients with poor surgical risk, particularly in heart, arteriosclerotic and those elderly who can not tolerate either an overload or a decrease in circulating volume. The methods used to measure blood loss during surgery are discussed. The authors apply the gravimetric method and recommend it as a routine procedure during surgery. A personal estimates of total blood lost during surgery is worthless. When it comes to control massive bleeding from several liters, the error can be so large that a lack of action may endanger the patient's life. The total blood loss during the operation obtained by the me...

Editorial

We report 30 cases of tuberculosis of the breast observed among 1,023 male and female patients who consulted at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases with the presumption of being carriers of mammary tumors. Tuberculosis of the breast in our study represents 2.94 percent of all breast lesions. The disease has been observed in all ages, most frequently between 30 and 40 years; 67 percent of cases was included in this decade. The clinical course of the disease goes through the stages of nodule, skin adhesion and fistula, with or without lymphadenopathy. From the viewpoint of differential diagnosis with carcinoma of the breast, it is possible to distinguish two periods: an initial one which shares many of the physical signs of carcinoma, and other subsequent, very characteristic that identifies with the stage of fistula and which can make the correct diagnosis. The pathological stud...

We report 30 cases of tuberculosis of the breast observed among 1,023 male and female patients who consulted at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases with the presumption of being carriers of mammary tumors. Tuberculosis of the breast in our study represents 2.94 percent of all breast lesions. The disease has been observed in all ages, most frequently between 30 and 40 years; 67 percent of cases was included in this decade. The clinical course of the disease goes through the stages of nodule, skin adhesion and fistula, with or without lymphadenopathy. From the viewpoint of differential diagnosis with carcinoma of the breast, it is possible to distinguish two periods: an initial one which shares many of the physical signs of carcinoma, and other subsequent, very characteristic that identifies with the stage of fistula and which can make the correct diagnosis. The pathological stud...

Editorial

El Cáncer gástrico continúa siendo una de las neoplasias malignas más comunes en el mundo. A pesar de la disminución en la incidencia de esta enfermedad en países desarrollados; Europa del Este, Asia y América Latina muestran la incidencia más alta representaron el 8,6% de nuevos cánceres en el año 2002. En Lima ha aumentado desde el año 1990 hasta 1997, llegando a tener 24,3/100000 en hombres, y en mujeres 17,6/100000, en el último periodo estudiado, considerándose área de alto riesgo. La mortalidad continúa siendo la primera causa de muerte para ambos sexos, en hombres 19,3/100000 y en mujeres 14,2/100000. La incidencia guarda una relación directamente proporcional con el lugar de origen dentro de Lima Metropolitana, una ciudad de cerca de 8 millones de habitantes, indicando que los distritos que muestran una mayor incidencia son Puente Piedra y Lince seguidos de Villa ...