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artículo

Low-Dose Oral Cyclophosphamide and Methotrexate Maintenance for Hormone Receptor-Negative Early Breast Cancer: International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 22-00

Publicado por
Colleoni, M, Gray, KP, Gelber,S, Láng, I, Thürlimann, B, Gianni, L, Abdi, EA, Gomez, HL, inderholm, BK, Puglis,i F, Tondini, C, Kralidis, E, Eniu, A, Cagossi, K, Rauch, D, Chirgwin, J, Gelber, RD, Regan, MM, Coates, AS, Price, KN, Viale, G, Goldhirsch, A

Publicado 2017

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Purpose: To evaluate the benefit of low-dose cyclophosphamide and methotrexate (CM) maintenance, which previously demonstrated antitumor activity and few adverse effects in advanced breast cancer, in early breast cancer. Patients and methods: International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial 22-00, a randomized phase III clinical trial, enrolled 1,086 women (1,081 intent-to-treat) from November 2000 to December 2012. Women with estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-negative (< 10% positive cells by immunohistochemistry) early breast cancer any nodal and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, were randomly assigned anytime between primary surgery and 56 days after the first day of last course of adjuvant chemotherapy to CM maintenance (cyclophosphamide 50 mg/day orally continuously and methotrexate 2.5 mg twice/day orally on days 1 and 2 of every week for 1 year) or t...

artículo

The tale of TILs in breast cancer: A report from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

Publicado por
El Bairi, K, Haynes, HR, Blackley, E, Fineberg, S, Shear, J, Turner, S, de Freitas, JR, Sur, D, Amendola, LC, Gharib, M, Kallala, A, Arun, I, Azmoudeh-Ardalan F, Fujimoto, L, Sua, LF, Liu, SW, Lien, HC, Kirtani, P, Balancin, M, El Attar, H, Guleria, P, Yang WShash, E, Chen, IC, Bautista, V, Do Prado Moura, JF, Rapoport, BL, Castaneda, C, Spengler, E, Acosta-Haab, G, Frahm, I, Sanchez, J, Castillo, M, Bouchmaa, N, Md Zin, RR, Shui, R, Onyuma, T, Yang, W, Husain, Z, Willard-Gallo, K, Coosemans, A, Perez, EA, Provenzano, E, Ericsson, PG, Richardet, E, Mehrotra, R, Sarancone, S, Ehinger, A, Rimm, DL, Bartlett, JMS, Viale, G, Denkert, C, Hida, AI, Sotiriou, C, Loibl, S, Hewitt, SM, Badve, S, Symmans, WF, Kim, RS, Pruneri, G, Goel, S, Francis, PA, Inurrigarro, G, Yamaguchi, R, Garcia-Rivello, H, Horlings, H, Afqir, S, Salgado, R, Adams, S, Kok, M, Dieci, MV, Michiels, S, Demaria S, Loi, S, International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

Publicado 2021

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The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) has immunogenic infiltration of lymphocytes with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These patients may potentially benefit from ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling axis. The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as predictive and prognostic biomarkers has been under intense examination. Emerging data suggest that TILs are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly for patients with triple-negative BC. In this review from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, we discuss (a) the biological understanding of TILs, (b) their analytical and clinical validity and efforts toward the clinical utility in BC, and (c) t...